Good Governance Indicators Research Articles

Governance in Public Sector: Implications on Private Sector Development in Ethiopia

There is almost a universal agreement on the significance of ensuring good governance for private sector development and the overall economic development of states. The lack of good governance affects the performance of a state in executing its core functions and its ability in meeting its major economic and social goals. Corrupt practices in public institutions, lack of transparency, accountability and responsiveness of public institutions to the demands of the private sector continue to have a significant impact on the operation and development of the private sector in Ethiopia. The National Business Agenda (NBA) report 2017of Ethiopia clearly indicates that lack of good governance, among other issues, is one of the most outstanding challenges which continues to significantly constrain the growth potential and the contribution of the private sector to the national economy of Ethiopia. While it is true that good governance includes broader issues related with the operations of government and the private sector, the research identifies crucial aspects of good governance in public sector that should form the focus of the study. Accordingly, the study on governance in public sector and its implications on private sector development in Ethiopia will focus on specific thematic issues and indicators of good governance that have particular relevance to private sector development in Ethiopia.

Governance and agricultural growth: Evidence from selected developing countries

Agriculture is a key sector for almost all developing countries. One of the factors influencing agricultural production improvement is government intervention and its important role in improving good governance indicators. This study examines the impact of governance on total agricultural output in developing nations. To address these issues, this paper estimates the panel data regression model. The data of Governance Indicators (GI) is provided by the World Bank. Findings/Originality : The main results suggest a reverse association between overall GI and agricultural growth. In addition, among the six individual GI, control of corruption has the highest impact. It implies that the governance has not addressed the problems in the agricultural sector. On the other hands, the development of agriculture sector is still mainly supported by the economic inputs. It is explained by the evidence that the inputs have positive and significant effect on the value of agricultural production.

Implementation of good governance principles in village government context in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta

This study aims to determine the application of good governance principles of the village government in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. In Indonesia, village is the lowest level government. The method used in this study was descriptive statistics with data from all villages in Bantul Regency. This study concluded that the implementation of good governance in villages in Bantul was generally good. Good governance indicators have been implemented by more than 50% of all villages even though some indicators still need to be improved. The villages have applied the good governance principles in accordance with the international formulation, namely, efficiency and effectiveness, openness and transparency, innovation, long-term orientation, reliable, and accountable financial management. The implementation can be strengthened through training to the village government and communities, especially regarding innovation and long-term orientation principles that must be possessed so that the villages can become more independent and develop more rapidly.

The Structure of Good Corporate Governance and Financial Indicators as Predictor of Financial Distress in Mining Sector Company in Indonesia

The purpose of the paper are: (1) to examine financial indicators, including: current ratio, return on assets, debt to assets ratio, and total asset turn over as a predictor of financial distress in mining sector companies in Indonesia; (2) to examine the structure of Good Corporate Governance including: independent commissioner, audit committee, board of directors, independent audit committee ratios with non-independent, and institutional ownership ratio with managerial ownership as predictor of financial distress in mining sector company in Indonesia. Type of research is quantitative explanatory research. Sampling technique is used purposive sampling method, as many as 20 companies in the mining sector in Indonesia. Analytical techniques in this study uses logistic regression. The results of the research show that: current ratio, debt to asset ratio, total asset turnover, and institutional ownership ratio with managerial ownership are not predictors of financial distress in mining sector in Indonesia. However, return on Assets, independent commissioners, audit committees, boards of directors and independent audit committee ratios with non-independent are predictors of financial distress in mining companies in Indonesia.

Challenges Of Democratization In The Democratic Republic Of Congo (Drc)

The main purpose of this study is to assess the main challenges of democratization in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In order to enrich the basic information and achieve the intended specific objectives, the study relied upon secondary data sources. Democracy matters for human security in DRC because well-designed and inclusive political institutions and processes are the key to both preventing violence and managing conflict constructively. It is believed that acting for democracy is acting for peace and security. The DRC, which lies in the heart of Africa, is one of the largest and richest mineral resources countries of the continent and has strategic importance for the stability of the Great Lakes region. This study shows that challenges related to a long period of dictatorship, internal conflicts, communal violence, corruption, weak monitoring of weapons, poor leadership, and globalization have affected the democratization processes and indicators of good governance in the DRC. This study recommends that the government of DRC should consolidate democratization and enhance good governance so as to reduce the crises of democracy in the country and thereby collaborative governance with all the local, national, regional and international stakeholders should be established to avoid the long-suffering of the Congolese people.

La diversidad de género en el sector público y su influencia en el gasto público y buen gobierno. Evidencia en Latinoamérica

Gender diversity and its impact on the decisions and performance of the public sector have received great attention from the academia and the international legislation. Although the representation of women in leadership positions in the public sector has increased, their influence on economic and social performance indicators has been poorly studied by the international literature, while in Latin America there are no comparative studies that evidence the contribution of gender diversity to economic and institutional development. Based on agency and critical mass theories, this paper aims to analyze the influence of gender diversity on the National Parliaments and Municipalities positions on public spending decisions and good governance indicators, including corruption. The study sample is made up of 18 countries and 378 observations during the 1997-2017 period. Although the participation of women on the National Parliaments shows an important increase in Latin America, the 50-50 parity has not been reached. Econometric results show that women in National Parliaments favor good governance indicators, particularly in the dimensions of political stability and nonviolence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption, while elected women mayors favor the regulatory quality and the rule of law. Furthermore, women mayors encourage greater non-social spending on economic issues, while increasing social spending on environmental protection, recreational activities, culture and religion, and social protection. In the economic sphere, women mayors increase tax revenues and tend to decrease total public debt. This document concludes that women in leadership positions in the public sector are more oriented toward social issues and strengthening of institutions, since they tend to adopt an ethical orientation and are more concerned with the needs of the diverse interest groups.

Poverty Alleviation of Rural People through Good Governance in Bangladesh

The governance is a vital issue especially for a developing country like Bangladesh which affects every sector of development. Corruption, inefficient service delivery, weak policy setting, and limited participation of various stakeholders in decision making have a negative impact on the rural poor. However, the main reason of poverty retaining in Bangladesh is seen in bad governance, which comprises widespread corruption, non-transparency and non-accountability of public policy making. Good governance is considered to bring in a powerful change in the condition of the poor. The main objective of this article is to explore the ways of poverty alleviation through good governance in Bangladesh. It also finds out the present situation of poverty in Bangladesh and determines the link between good governance and poverty alleviation. This article used documentary analysis and, in particular, content analysis as a research method in order to disclose appearance of good governance agenda representing ways of addressing poverty alleviation. This study finds out the four indicators of good governance which directly related to poverty alleviation in Bangladesh: accountability, transparency, participation and predictability. This study suggests that publicly available information, access of the poor to basic services of government, budget transparency, expenditure, verdicts of courts and tribunals, responsive local government, grass root democracy, and anti-corruption are effective instruments for every sector development which can alleviate poverty in terms of any dimension. It contributes new lense to the existing literature regarding linkages between good governance and poverty alleviation.

Ome / Archives / Vol 1 No 2 (2018): Regular Issue / Articles CREATING MSMEs GOVERNANCE INDICATORS, AS EVALUATION TOOLS AND REFERENCE IN CREATING A GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia have difficulties in developing their business, this is due to a lack of knowledge and references about good governance concepts for MSMEs. Base on that phenomenon, this study aims to find the right indicators, to be used as a reference for MSME in improving good governance. Using experimental research methods, we found several good governance indicators for MSMEs: (1) Transparency: Transparency of financial statements through separation of company and personal finance, transparency of rights and obligations of employees, (2) Accountability: Human resources function, marketing function, financial function and operation function (3) Responsibility: business legality, waste management and Product Certification, (4) Independency: Profitability and autonomy in managing the business, (5) fairness: Equal opportunity in a company career and a fair compensation system. This indicator is implemented in the evaluation process of MSMEs, The result show that MSMEs with better governance score, able to survive and improve its performance while MSMEs with bad score go bankrupt. These results prove that these indicators can be used as an evaluation tool and can be a reference for MSMEs in creating good governance.

Does E-government reduce corruption? Evidence from a heterogeneous panel data model

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to revisit the relationship between E-government and corruption using global panel data from 176 countries covering the period from 2003 to 2014, considering other potential determinants, such as economic prosperity (gross domestic product per capita [GDPPC]), price stability (inflation), good governance (political stability and government effectiveness) and press freedom (civil liberties and political rights) indicators. Hence, the main rationale of this study is to reexamine the conventional wisdom as to the relationship between E-government and corruption using panel data independent of any preexisting notions.Design/methodology/approachThe probability reduction approach of empirical modeling proposed by Spanos (2009) is used to test the relationship. Secondary data were collected from the United Nations, the World Bank, Transparency International and Freedom House.FindingsNo statistical evidence was found for the idea that E-government has a positive impact on corruption reduction following a rigorous test of the proposition. However, strong evidence was found for the positive impact of a country’s government effectiveness, political stability and economic status. There also appears to be some evidence for the effect of GDPPC and civil liberties. There is no evidence to prove that inflation and political rights have any corruption reducing the effect.Research limitations/implicationsCase studies suggest that E-government is helpful for curbing corruption. This study includes and examines some of the potential and important variables associated with corruption. Further research is encouraged and it should include more variables, such as national culture, poverty, religion and geography. Regarding methodology, a more parsimonious model must be sought to take into account adequately the entire probabilistic structure of the data.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study demonstrate that E-government is less significant for reducing corruption compared to other factors. Hence, policymakers should further focus on other potential areas such as socio-economic factors, good governance, culture and transparency to combat corruption in addition to improving digital government.Originality/valueThis research applies a new methodological approach to the study of the relationship between E-government and corruption.

Governance and economic efficiency in the management of oil revenues in Algeria

The aim of this study is to investigate relationship between the governanceindicators, and fiscal policy in place and the manner which oil revenuesmanaged in Algeria. The present study using descriptive and analyticalapproach .Algeria has suffered since its independence from pro-cyclical fiscal policy,resulting from the fluctuation of revenues, where the decision-makers didunable to achieve economic diversification in spite of the accumulation ofconsiderable financial surpluses during periods of booming oil market, andthe disposal of the dependency for the oil sector, which refers to not optimallyexploit the financial surpluses during the boom .Over time, oil revenues in Algeria have become the core and basis of politicsin general, and the cornerstone of economic policies in particular. Usuallyhigh rents in developing countries accompanied with the bad governanceindicators. The result shows that the problem in Algeria is the non-applicationof standards of governance (activating of the control and regulatory role ofgovernment, elimination of corruption, provide a democratic environment thatallows transparency and accountability) in the management of oil revenues,which led to inefficiency exploitation of these financial surpluses, and theemergence of some negative phenomena such as: the spread of corruption andthe decline of good governance indicators.
 
 
 
 
 
 

Ina

The role of Technical Implementing Unit (TIU) is one of prominent issues of decentralization. A study was carried out to identify decentralization issues in South Sulawesi and East Java Provinces as well as to measure stakeholder attitudes towards the existence of TIU. The results showed that the existance of BKSDA, BTN, BPA, BPKH, and Balai Diklat LHK are recognized importantly. Meanwhile, BPHP and BPDASHL are considered to be less important in the region because their functions and authorities can be delegated to the provincial and regent/city governments. Similiar recognition applied to BPTH and Balai Litbang LHK. The emerging issue of decentralization in East Java is the placement of local officials which is inconsistent with their competence, lacking of funding from APBD for forestry developmentt, high demand from public to be enganged in the management of the forest, and overlapping authority. Meanwhile in South Sulawesi the capacity of local forestry agencies are impaired, authority is misused, and consolidation of the region is delayed, ego among vertical instituions ego and poor coordination. Based on the indicator of good forest governance, it is measured that the attitude of stakeholders and organizational capacity in East Java and South Sulawesi is neutral and good respectively.

Efektywność administracji publicznej w kontekście sprawności instytucjonalnej państwa

It was in the early 1990s that the World Bank first introduced the term “good governance” in its documents and aid programs. After the reorganization of 1997, a list of six indicators of good governance was compiled. The indicators were subsequently used in the research on the quality of governance in Poland. The results clearly showed that the country scored low in all aspects of good governance, notably in public sector transparency, quality of regulation, law enforcement, as well as efficiency and effectiveness of carrying out public duties by the administration. The pathway to shared prosperity in Poland is built around growth, inclusion and sustainability objectives, but success will ultimately depend on a more strategic, effective, and accountable state. Poland has done remarkably well, boasting strong growth over three decades. Looking forward, this argues that a new level of sophistication is required to meet the challenges such as rapidly aging population and evolving global economy. This includes developing a more strategic, effective, and accountable state and it is administration that can facilitate a strong consensus around consistent policies to foster growth, inclusion and sustainability. Improved consistency, commitment, coordination, and cooperation would strengthen Poland’s institutions, making them more strategic, effective and accountable. The paper describes the quality of governance and the effectiveness of public administration. The analysis is based on reports published by different institutions and takes into account measuring the effectiveness and quality of public administration and the efficiency of public institutions.

Assessment of Good governance in Decentralized city Administration: Case of Mekelle Municipality

This study was conducted to assess good governance practice by taking the variables responsiveness and transparency among the other good governance manifestations. For this rationale, the land administration and urban planning and development offices were purposively selected. Provision of effective, efficient and quality service to the constituents is manifestation of improving good governance practice. So, there is a need to ensure good governance practice in the realm of service provision in the offices of land administration and urban planning and development. The general objective of the study is to assess the practice of good governance in Mekelle city administration. Accordingly, transparency and responsiveness which are the main indicators of good governance had used to assess the governance situation in the public institutions’ of land administration and urban planning and development offices. The study used 153 purposely selected sample respondents from the selected sub cities that are Ayder and Hawelti sub cities and both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques were used accordingly. In order to gather the necessary data from the sample respondents, Questionnaire and interview were used data collection tools. In this regard descriptive statistics was employed to analyze the data obtained via questionnaire. The findings of the study show that there is lack of accessibility of information, limited Capacity (competence) of the offices and human power, discrimination, corruption and rent seeking behavior from the bureaucrats, delay of decisions, material and human resource, low level of skill and knowledge, lack of openness and low satisfaction from the constituents’, dishonesty, low level of motivation and commitment irresponsiveness are considered the main hindrances’ of good governance in the city administration in general and the selected public institutions in particular. So, transparency and responsiveness had compromised in the land administration and urban planning and development offices which are the most indicators of good governance. Therefore, there should be more and deeper inquiry.

Prospects and challenges of Good governance in the realm of service delivery

The main objective of the study is to assess the report of the office of urban planning practice of good governance in shire Municipality located in Tigray regional state ,Ethiopia .Accordingly, transparency and responsiveness which are the main indicators of good governance had used to assess the governance situation in the public institutions’ of land administration office . The research design and strategy of the study was qualitative and quantitative. The study used 153 purposely selected sample respondents from the selected sub cities that are Ayder and Hawelti sub cities. In order to gather the necessary data from the sample respondents, Questionnaire and interview were used as data collection tools. In this regard descriptive statistics was employed to analyze the data obtained via questionnaire. The qualitative data was analyzed by making use of descriptions and interpretations. The findings of the study show that there is lack of accessibility of information, corruption and rent seeking behavior from the bureaucrats, delay of decisions, lack of openness and low satisfaction from the constituents and irresponsiveness are considered the main hindrances’ of good governance with regard to service delivery.

Strengthening stakeholder involvement in health workforce governance: why we need to talk about power.

There is now widespread agreement on the benefits of an integrated, people-centred health workforce, but the implementation of new models is difficult. We argue that we need to think about stakeholders and power, if we want to ensure change in the health workforce. We discuss these issues from a governance perspective and suggest a critical approach to stakeholder involvement as an indicator of good governance. Three models of involving stakeholders in health workforce governance can be identified: corporatist professional involvement either in a continental European model of conservative corporatism or in a Nordic model of public corporatism; managerialist and market-centred involvement of professions as organizational agents; and a more inclusive, network-based involvement of plural professional experts at different levels of governance. The power relations embedded in these models of stakeholder involvement have different effects on capacity building for an integrated health workforce.

English

The landmark of good governance in order to bring sustainable development in Ethiopia was the ratification of 1995 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) constitution. Within this constitution, the individual and group rights of people were protected, indicators of good governance was identified and mentioned and recognitions for different institutions were given. Even though the constitution was drafted with different rights, the implementation was not as much as it was expected. In order to bring sustainable development, good governance is so important. To conduct the study only secondary data were used. Different relevant data’s on the issues were systematically collected from books, magazines, newspapers, internet, articles, journals, and different report. However those data were critically reviewed and analyzed. Good governance is the precondition for sustainable development. In this paper, the researcher tried to identify the indicator of good governance such as legitimacy of the government, community participation, local empowerment, accountability, transparency, democratic institutions and freedom of media. Different challenges of good governance were identified. These are excessive poverty, population growth and high unemployment combined with a high incidence of HIV/AIDS. Fallow opportunities such as improper utilization of natural resources, lack of proper utilizations of different democratic institutions were also identified. Different measures were taken to overcome those challenges. The strategies such as government and institutions should work together, devise ways and means of sharing of national wealth, avoid failed state, insure discipline and organization, encourage culture of completion and innovation and fight corruption. These strategies are adopted by government, institutions, non state actors and individual members. Key words: Good governance, sustainable development, linkage.

Impact of Indicators of Good Governance in the Fight Against Administrative and Financial Corruption Iraq

The phenomenon of administrative and financial corruption of dangerous phenomena facing countries, particularly developing countries, causing it to fall into recession in the construction and economic development, and the destruction of the economy, financial and administrative capacity of the State and the institution alike, and in front of the gravity of this phenomenon and the failure of traditional methods to prevent the causes leading to it in light of the lack of security and political stability and focused on stakeholders and several international organizations and researchers studying the phenomenon of administrative and financial corruption at the national and international levels and in-depth studies to determine the main reasons that contribute to the increase as well as the establishment of appropriate mechanisms to minimize the gravity and is of good governance and one administration of the most important cornerstones contribute significantly to address the phenomenon of financial and administrative corruption, and through a variety of mechanisms, most notably transparency and disclosure as well as the promotion of good governance and the resulting developments related to the Iraqi economy as a result of political change after the general indicators (2003) and what happened from a serious development in the apparent increase financial and administrative corruption which calls for promotion of good governance indicators as one of the important pillars in reducing the size of the financial and administrative corruption and then eliminate it.

Good Governance Based Rural Management and its Role in Sustainable Rural Development (Case Study: A Comparison between Central District of Kuhdasht and Lavasanat District of Shemiranat)

هدف: رویکرد حکمروایی خوب روستایی با تأکید بر سه رکن اصلی دولت، بخش خصوصی و جامعة مدنی به حضور فعال و اثرگذار این ارکان در سایة مشارکت، شفافیت، پاسخ گویی، قانون‌مندی، عدالت، اجماع گرایی، مسؤولیت پذیری،کارآیی و توسعة انسانی تأکید دارد. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی جایگاه مدیریت روستایی مبتنی بر رویکرد حکمروایی خوب در توسعة پایدار روستایی «مقایسة بخش مرکزی کوهدشت و بخش لواسانات شمیرانات» است. روش: پژوهش از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده و روش پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر نحوة گردآوری داده ها، پیمایشی است. جامعة آماری؛ شامل خانوارهای روستایی دو منطقة مورد مطالعه با 27 روستای نمونه و 280 خانوار است. ابزار گردآوری داده ها از نوع پرسش نامه بوده که به صورت تصادفی در روستاهای نمونه تکمیل شد. به منظور تحلیل داده ها و آزمون فرضیه ها نیز از مدل ویکور و آزمون های آنوا توکی و رگرسیون چند متغیره استفاده شده است. یافته‌ها: مطابق یافته های مدل ویکور، مدیریت مبتنی بر رویکرد حکمروایی خوب و سطح پایداری سکونت گاه ها در دو منطقة مورد مطالعه از وضعیت بسیار متفاوتی برخوردار است؛ به طوری که در هر دو منطقه، روستاهایی که از وضعیت حکمروایی خوبی برخوردارند، پایداری بهتری نیز دارند. هم‌چنین، تحلیل رگرسیون چند متغیره، نشان دهندة تأثیر و ارتباط معنی دار بین مؤلفه های حکمروایی خوب و توسعة پایدار روستایی است. محدودیت ها: محدودیت های این پژوهش شامل وسیع‌بودن حجم نمونه و جامعة مورد مطالعه و تطابق مدل نظری پژوهش با مدل تجربی آن بود. راه‌کارهای عملی: درنظرگرفتن رویکرد حکمروایی خوب در نظام مدیریت روستایی می تواند موجب سرعت بخشی روند توسعة پایدار روستایی شده و از ناپایداری سکونت گاه ها جلوگیری کند. اصالت و ارزش: این مقاله ضمن مقایسة تطبیقی دو منطقه با نظام مدیریت، سطح حکمروایی و پایداری متفاوت، می تواند کاستی‌های موجود در ساختار مدیریت یک‌پارچة کنونی روستاهای کشور را واضح تر نشان دهد.

Good Governance and Election Manifestos: An Empirical Study on the 9 th Parliamentary Election in Bangladesh

Political parties are playing a significant role in promoting good governance. In this analytical study, an attempt has been made to throw light on the good governance in the election manifestos of the political parties in Bangladesh. The manifestoes of the four major political parties of 9th parliamentary election have been reviewed on the basis of nine key indicators of good governance. The study founds that the election manifestos of the major political parties reveals that many of the indicators of the good governance found reflections as election pledges.

The practice of Good governance in service provision

This study was conducted to assess good governance practice by taking the variables responsiveness and transparency among the other good governance manifestations. For this rationale, the land administration and urban planning and development offices were purposively selected. Provision of effective, efficient and quality service to the constituents is manifestation of improving good governance practice. So, there is a need to ensure good governance practice in the realm of service provision in the offices of land administration and urban planning and development. The general objective of the study is to assess the practice of good governance in Mekelle city administration. Accordingly, transparency and responsiveness which are the main indicators of good governance had used to assess the governance situation in the public institutions’ of land administration and urban planning and development offices. The study used 153 purposely selected sample respondents from the selected sub cities that are Ayder and Hawelti sub citiesqualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques were used accordingly. In order to gather the necessary data from the sample respondents, Questionnaire and interview were used data collection tools. In this regard descriptive statistics was employed to analyze the data obtained via questionnaire. The findings of the study show that there is lack of accessibility of information, limited Capacity (competence) of the offices and human power, discrimination, corruption and rent seeking behavior from the bureaucrats, delay of decisions, material and human resource, low level of skill and knowledge, lack of openness and low satisfaction from the constituents’, dishonesty, low level of motivation and commitment irresponsiveness are considered the main hindrances’ of good governance in the city administration in general and the selected public institutions in particular. So, transparency and responsiveness had compromised in the land administration and urban planning and development offices which are the most indicators of good governance. Therefore, there should be more and deeper inquiry related to the transparency and responsiveness of local government actions and decisionsKeywords:GoodGovernance,Decentralization,Localgovernance,Transparency,responsiveness, Mekelle city administration