Good Gloss Research Articles

Synthesis and characterizations of high oil length alkyd resin with dehydrated castor oil and acrylic pimaric acid

Alkyd resin (AR) has been widely used for paint applications due to its good adhesion, flexibility and durability. They were polymerized from three different kinds of monomers: polyols, aromatic diacids and vegetable oils or fatty acids. In this work, acrylic pimaric acid (APA) was evaluated as an bio-based substitute for the aromatic diacid monomer including phthalic anhydride (PA) in the synthesis of high oil length (65 % oil by weight) alkyd resins (HOARs). APA was synthesized from the Diels-Alder reaction between rosin acid (RA) and acrylic acid (AA). The resins were characterized in terms of gloss, pencil hardness, impact strength, alkali resistance and thermal stability. APA can be incorporated when the polyesterification reaction is performed in two-stages, that is, it is only added with ethylene glycol (EG) in the first stage polyesterification reaction, because the reactivity of APA is weaker than that of PA. The structure of the prepared HOARs was investigated by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The results show that HOAR having 9 % APA has good gloss, pencil hardness and impact strength and excellent alkaline resistance. The price is decreased by about 20 % compared to conventional AR and it can be widely used as a binder in the field of the protective paint.

Study on recycling of Poly(butylene Terephthalate) and Polypropylene blend

Poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT) is a breakable plastic because its high modulus value makes it unsuitable for specific applications. Recycling PBT is even more complicated when the color is no longer the original milky white. This study takes R-PBT from the brush hair scraps and blends with 10% Polypropylene (PP). The results show that the mold continually adhered to is challenging to inject the sample 100% R-PBT. The surface of sample R-PBT / 10% PP has a good gloss and smooth texture, while there is a high shrinkage rate in sample 100% PP. The hardness of sample R-PBT / 10% PP is increased when adding PP. In addition, sample 100% R-PBT has a distinctive shape with tiny fibers, while model 100% PP has a flat surface. For the R-PBT / 10% PP sample, the microstructure has two distinct regions: PBT matrix and PP dispersed-droplets.

Preparation and Application of Polyurethane Coating Material Based on Epoxy Cyclohexane Protective for Paper

Paper is important to most historical and cultural relics, however, these paper heritages are facing a crisis of disappearance, damage and aging. For increasing the paper strength, delaying the paper aging, and improving the weak stability and permeability of former resins used for paper, another material is necessary to be produced on preservation and protection of the paper items. The synthesis of epoxy cyclohexane polyetherpolyol was as follows: Epoxy cyclohexane was as the starting material, ethylene glycol was as the initiator, boron trifluoride ether was as catalyst, and dichloromethane was as the solvent. The synthesized homopolyether was characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) spectroscopy to determine the structure. Then the epoxy cyclohexane homopolyether reacted with the hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) trimer, and the polyurethane was obtained. With the tests of the physical and chemical properties of paper samples, it showed that the paper processed with 10% polyurethane liquid had excellent performance, the increase in the tensile strength was from 1105 to 2317 N/m, and the increase in the folding endurance was from 20 to 504 times. What’s more, the paper processed with 10% polyurethane liquid had good brightness and gloss. The results of the paper samples for the test have shown that the synthesized material simultaneously has the advantages of epoxy cyclohexane homopolyether and polyurethane, possessing excellent performance in paper reinforcement. Thus, the synthesized polyurethane material has broad application prospect in paper protection field.

Preparation of Shellac Resin Microcapsules Coated with Urea Formaldehyde Resin and Properties of Waterborne Paint Films for Tilia amurensis Rupr.

A two-step in situ polymerization method was utilized to fabricate urea formaldehyde (UF) resin-coated shellac resin microcapsules. The morphology and composition of microcapsules with different core-wall ratios were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and infrared (IR) spectrum. The effects of different concentrations of microcapsules on gloss, color difference, hardness, adhesion, and impact resistance of waterborne paint films were studied. At the same time, the self-healing effect of the prepared microcapsules applied to waterborne paint film was discussed. The results revealed that the shellac resin microcapsules coated with UF resin were successfully prepared. At the 0.67:1 and 0.75:1 core-wall ratios, the color differences of the paint film with 0–20.0% (weight percent) microcapsules were small and the color was uniform. Under the condition of 60° incident angle and the same microcapsule concentration, a good gloss was obtained. When the concentration was 20.0%, the hardness of paint film reached the maximum value. The adhesion of paint film was better, which was not affected by microcapsule concentration. When the concentration was 5.0% and 10.0%, the microstructure of paint film was good. The paint film with a 10.0% concentration of the shellac resin microcapsules coated with UF resin had better self-healing performance and the comprehensive performance was better. This paper provides the basis for the industrial application of self-healing waterborne wood paint films.

The application of organosilicon modified polyurethane in reinforcing traditional paper

Abstract Paper relics are important historical and cultural heritages. However, the paper relics are at risk of ageing, damage and disappearance. In order to delay the aging of paper, improve the strength of paper, solve the problem of poor permeability and stability of traditional resins to paper, the polyurethane was synthesized by polydimethylsiloxane (HTPDMS) and low molecular weight hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) trimer, and the chemical and physical properties of paper samples were tested. Results showed the paper coated by HTPDM-modified polyurethane liquid had good mechanical property, the tensile strength was increased from 1105 to 3299 N/m, the folding endurance was increased from 20 to 1024; and had good gloss and brightness; after thermal aging, coated paper can effectively maintain tensile strength, delay folding resistance and tearing strength loss; after acid stability test, the loss ratio of tensile strength was decreased from 34.2 % to 15.7 %, folding endurance was decreased from 57.1 % to 9.7 %; after alkali stability test, the loss ratio of tensile strength was decreased from 29.3 % to 6.6 %, folding endurance was decreased from 82.9 % to 22.0 %. Therefore, the prepared polyurethane material has great application prospects in the protection of paper.

Preparation of pure egg albumen fiber through coaxial wet-spinning

Pure egg albumen fiber has potential applications in the food industry, biomedicine, drug-controlled release systems, and as a tissue engineering scaffold. However, this type of fiber has not been successfully prepared so far. In this study, pure egg albumen fiber was successfully prepared using the simple method of coaxial wet-spinning with a polysulfone (PSU) hollow fiber as a template. PSU solution and egg albumen solution were extruded into a coagulation bath of distilled water to fabricate egg albumen/PSU fiber, in which the egg albumen solution was wrapped up by the outside PSU layer. Continuous pure egg albumen fiber was obtained after heat treatment in hot water and removal of the PSU layer by dissolution in N, N-dimethylformamide. The prepared continuous egg albumen fiber with good gloss could be lifted along the axial direction. Scanning electron micrographs revealed a dense structure. This successful preparation of pure egg albumen fiber will enable the manufacture of egg albumen fiber composites with excellent application potential for tissue engineering scaffolds.

A novel hot-tamping process for producing an improved quality of coke

To produce superior quality of coke as compared to traditional cokemaking technologies, a novel hot-tamping technique has been developed. The quality of produced coke was assessed based on the reactivity, pore structure and microcrystalline structure. The results confirmed that the hot tamping coking process produced cokes with superior qualities as compared to traditional cokemaking and cold tamping coking. The hot-tamping cokes have good gloss, compact carbon structure, strong thermal strength and small volume of medium and small pores. This will reduce the coke reactivity by 3–4% when compared with traditional cokemaking process. The hot tamping cokes have the smallest spacing of the crystal face layers with the highest stacking height, diameter, crystal surface size, and graphitization degree that was hardly observed for the cokes from traditional cokemaking and cold tamping coking.

Acrylic white paint of industrial sector for cool roofing application: Experimental investigation of summer behavior and aging problem under Mediterranean climate

The paper proposes a complete experimental characterization of an acrylic white paint, widespread in the field of household appliances or automotive sector. This paints has been already studied by means of in-lab tests; results have suggested that it is suitable for cool roof application.In this study, the results of a measurement campaign are discussed; it has been carried out by means of test-room of the University of Sannio, in Benevento city, under Mediterranean climatic conditions starting from the summer 2016 until the summer 2017. In detail, the in-field monitoring concerns: all data for describing indoor and outdoor climatic conditions; the measure of solar reflectance at start and after one year from paint’s application; the indoor and outdoor surface temperatures, the heat flux; optical investigations in visual and infrared field. The proposed paint has been compared with a commercial cool roof product and with a polished aluminum varnish in term of improvement respect to traditional dark bituminous membrane. Also the in-field aging effect is studied to compare degradation of proposed paint and commercial cool paint.Data elaborations bring to interesting conclusions; first of all, the in-field performance of acrylic paint is comparable to cool product and it is better than aluminum paint. Proposed product shows very fast drying, good gloss and appearance, lower application time and positive economic analysis. However, the aging is faster with in-field reduction of solar reflectance of around 20–25%. It could be due to application technique and to adopted product to favor the adhesion. This makes suitable other researches also for evaluate the application of a protective gloss that could assure greater durability than traditional product.

Influence of Tannin Extract and Yeast Extract on Color Preservation and Anthocyanin Content of Mulberry Wine

The distinct color of mulberry wine is one of the foremost qualities that imprints on consumers' senses, but it is extremely unstable in processing and aging. However, the color protection of mulberry wine was not studied previously. In this study, we found that tannin extract and yeast extract both exert a remarkably positive effect on preserving the color of mulberry wine during aging. The study is of great significance as a guide to improving the color stability of mulberry wine, thereby also improving and promoting the development of the mulberry deep processing industry.

Cool materials for reducing summer energy consumptions in Mediterranean climate: In-lab experiments and numerical analysis of a new coating based on acrylic paint

The urbanization has negative effects on the environment, mainly related to the generation of pollution, the modification of the properties of the atmosphere, the covering of the soil surface. The cumulative effects produce the so-called phenomenon of ‘Urban Heat Island’ (UHI). Cool roofs have a positive impact on the global environment, by reducing the energy required for interior cooling and related greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover these help to mitigate the UHI effect. A cool roofing material is characterized by higher solar reflectance in comparison to conventional roof coatings and high infrared emittance values. This paper is aimed to investigate the potentialities of high reflective commercial products not specialized for cool roofing. Three paints of the automotive sector have been selected. These products have very fast drying, good adhesion directly to different type of materials, good gloss and appearance, greater durability than traditional, lower cost and application time. Laboratory measurements are performed for the characterization of thermal-optical properties of different prototype samples, by considering application on different substrates (aluminum, ceramic tile, bitumen membrane, polyvinyl chloride sheet) as well as different configurations (evaluating the adoption of gripping and external gloss). Only the white acrylic paint shows good values for spectral reflectance (77–80%) and thermal emissivity (92%) that are comparable with commercial products. The artificial accelerated weather resistance tests and natural exposure effects have been also evaluated. Then, several numerical analyses are proposed for a real case study and some roof technologies also with different insulation level. The main evaluated indexes are the seasonal and annual energy savings, the reduction of polluting emissions and the cost effectiveness. Globally summer benefits are very satisfying meanwhile the annual energy saving varies between 0.3% and 3.0%.

Effect of Coating of Aloe Vera Gelon Shelf Life of Grapes

The present study had been conducted to study the shelf life of grapes with coatings of Aloe Vera suspended in water with concentrations of 0, 10, 20 and 30 per cent Aloe veraand was stored in poly packaging and open plates under different temperatures of 0⁰C and 30⁰C in refrigerator and incubator. The data was compared with the original shelf life of grapes to determine the efficiency of the Aloe Vera coating. Aloe Vera based coatings provided good gloss and 20 per cent coating concentration gave the best visual and physicochemical results. It was found that 20 per cent coating concentration of Aloe Vera is the most effective and appropriate for the extension of shelf life of grapes.It was also found that the use of low temperature storage in combination with edible coating and packaging extends marketability by reducing moisture loss.In short, the shelf life of grapes can be increased by using Aloe Vera gel coating and the spoilage due to fungal infection of grapes can be reduced.

Progress of Surface Modification of Aluminum Pigments

Improving the printability of silver ink is of great importance to enhance the anti-counterfeit of bills. As the main ingredient of silver ink, the study of aluminum pigments has attracted a lot of attention. This paper mainly describes the recent research progress in surface modification and coloration of aluminum pigments.For the high corrosion resistance, good gloss reproducibility, strong dispersion of aluminum pigments that required in the application of water-based ink, this paper first describes different research progresses of enhancing its performance, including inorganic encapsulation, organic/inorganic hybrid modification, polymer coating, organic/inorganic/polymer multi-layer encapsulation and so on through a series of modification methods such as sol-gel method, in-situ polymerization, emulsion polymerization, etc.. In reflection to the color unity of aluminum pigments, the progress of aluminum pigments coloration was also introduced in detail, which involves physical adsorption, chemical oxidation, Fe2O3deposition, organic/inorganic dye coating, etc..

Effect of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) content on thermal and mechanical properties of ternary blend systems based on cardanol-based vinyl ester resin, styrene and glycidyl methacrylate

Abstract Cardanol-based vinyl ester resin (CVER) was prepared by reacting indigenously synthesized cardanol-based epoxidized novolac resin (CENR) with methacrylic acid (MA) in the presence of triphenylphosphine as catalyst. Five samples of cardanol-based vinyl ester resin containing styrene and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), as diluents, in the weight ratios 40:0, 30:10, 20:20, 10:30 and 0:40 were prepared at room temperature. Sharp exotherms were observed in DSC scans in the temperature range of 60–170 °C. The onset temperature ( T onset ), peak exothermic temperature ( T p ) and completion temperature ( T stop ) decreased with increase in GMA content in the ternary blend systems of CVER/styrene/GMA. A broad exotherm was observed after the initial sharp exotherm that was attributed to the etherification reaction. Cured samples were found to be stable up to 205–235 °C and started loosing weight above this temperature. Rapid decomposition was observed in the temperature range of 400–550 °C as evidenced by TGA analysis. Increase of GMA content in ternary blend systems of CVER/styrene/GMA lowered the tensile strength progressively and enhanced the impact strength and elongation-at-break. The cured films of VER containing mixture of styrene and GMA exhibited good gloss and impact resistance. The chemical resistance of cured films of VER containing mixture of styrene and GMA showed good resistance to acids, deionized water, synthetic sea water and mineral turpentine oil.

Synthesis and characterization of poly(etherfattyamide) coatings from non edible seed oil

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop poly(etherfattyamide) coatings from Pongamia glabra seeds oil utilizing a sustainable resource, which is non edible, non medicinal and goes as waste. Seed oil based poly(etherfattyamide) is used as a coating material to improve the coating properties especially gloss and alkali resistance.Design/methodology/approachPongamia glabra oil was first converted into N,N′ bis 2‐hydroxyethyl Pongamia glabra oil fatty amide (HEPFA). HEPFA was treated with 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) to develop poly(etherfattyamide) (PEFA). PEFA was cured with (butylated melamine formaldehyde) (BMF) in different (35, 40, 45, 50) phr (part per hundred part of resin) to produce coating material. The structural elucidations of HEPFA and PEFA were carried out by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR spectral techniques. The thermal study was performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The physico‐mechanical and chemical resistance/anticorrosive properties were investigated by standard laboratory methods.FindingsThe authors developed a good coatings material from a sustainable resource. The physico‐mechanical and anticorrosive performance evaluation exhibits satisfactory results. PEFA‐BMF coatings material showed good alkali resistance and high gloss. The thermal studies showed that PEFA‐BMF45 may be safely used up to 225°C.Practical implicationsBMF modified PEFA coatings showed the highest scratch hardness 3.5 kg, flexibility (1/8 inch conical mandrel bend test) and gloss at 45° is 76‐82. Among all, PEFA‐BMF45 showed the best physico‐mechanical and chemical resistance performance. Thus, it may be used as an efficient coating material.Originality/valueThe synthesis of BMF modified PEFA from Pongamia glabra oil using 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol has been studied for the first time providing a new approach to utilize a non edible seed oil – a sustainable resource.

Incorporation of Modified Nano Montmorillonite (MMT) in Polyurethane Coatings Based on Acrylic Copolymer and Trimer of Isophorone Diisocyanate

This work presents the synthesis of acrylic copolymer and trimer of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) for preparation of polyurethane (PU) coatings. Further we have studied the effect of silane modified nano montmorillonite (MMT) on the properties of PU coatings. Nano MMT was modified by vinyltriethoxysilane (TEVS) coupling agent and incorporated in PU coatings made from acrylic copolymers and trimer of IPDI. Acrylic copolymer was synthesized in the laboratory using butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), styrene and hydroxyl ethyl acrylate (HEA) monomers. Coating properties of prepared PU coatings studied are gloss, impact resistance, flexibility, cross hatch adhesion and physicochemical properties include chemical resistance. The experimental results revealed that polyurethane coatings based on MMT based acrylic polyol and IPDI trimer showed good gloss and excellent adhesion. Thermal stability of these PU samples was found upto 229 °C. Physicochemical properties reflected that these PU have excellent chemical and solvent resistance.

Study on Polyurethane-Acrylic Hybrid Emulsion Applying to Water-Based Ink

Polyurethane-acrylic composite emulsion was synthesized by swelling polymerization with aqueous polyurethane dispersion as seed, and acrylic as monomers. The obtained polyurethane-acrylic (PUA) composite emulsion were characterized by means of IR spectra, and the results showed that the obtained emulsion was hybrid emulsion of polyurethane and acrylic, which had smaller particle size and higher viscosity and was more suitable for the preparation of ink. The obtained water-based PUA emulsion and alkyd resins were used as ink binder. The obtained water-based ink had good water resistance, color density, gloss and friction fastness.

Preparation of hyperbranched polyester polyol-based urethane acrylates and applications on UV-curable wood coatings

In the present study, hyperbranched urethane acrylates (UA/HB-PEs) were synthesized by modifying the hydroxyl groups of hyperbranched polyester polyols (HB-PEs). The structure of oligomers were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. Formulations containing UA/HB-PEs, reactive diluents, and photoinitiator were applied onto wood substrates and successfully polymerized under UV-irradiation. The coating performances and thermal properties of UV-cured films were evaluated. The studies on film characteristics reveal that the incorporation of UA/HB-PE afforded coatings with good adhesion and high gloss properties. It is observed that UV-cured coatings originated from [2,2-bis(4-β-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl propane] (HB-HEPA)- and [2,2-bis(4-β-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl 6F propane] (HB-HEPFA)-based oligomers possessed better surface and mechanical properties.

Synthesis and characterization of thermostable hyperbranched epoxy resin for surface coating applications

Abstract

Corrosion Resistance of TiN Imitation Gold Decoration Coatings on Golden-Pen Components

Experiments were carried out with different process parameters to investigate the effects of used parameters on corrosion resistance of TiN coatings obtained. In experiments, TiN imitation gold decoration coatings were prepared on 1Cr13 pen-point and brass chromium plating pen-coil by multi-arc ion plating method. The phase composition of TiN coatings was measured by x-ray diffraction. The corrosion resistance of TiN coatings was tested by salt-mist and artificial-sweat experiments. The relationship between corrosion resistance of coatings and process parameters were analyzed. Therefore, the optimum process parameters were achieved suitable for plating coatings on substrates of 1Cr13 pen-point and brass chromium plating pen-coil with good imitation gold. Imitation gold plating layers obtained have good gloss, corrosion resistance, high hardness, wear resistance, and easy to maintain. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of coatings is more easily influenced by changes of PN2 and Vbom than that of matrix-bias voltage. The TiN coatings are of resistant to corrosion no matter they are in single or multi phase structure. The optimum parameters of achieving good corrosion resistance of TiN coatings are PN2=0.48Pa, Vbom=400V，bias=-20V. Under the optimum conditions, the obtained surface corrosion resistance state of the coatings can reach at least eight grades, even above ten grades.

Preparation of Thick-Film Organosilicone Coating

Organosilicone paints were prepared by mixing as-synthesized silicone resin, pigments, fillers and other additives. Through scraping and baking, the thick film coating on the treated aluminum alloy was obtained. The optimum range of P/B (weight ratio of the pigment/binder) was determined to be 0.75:1 by investigating the influence of the P/B on the liquidity and thickness of the coating, indicating that the thickness of the coating reached 500μm. When mica powder, talc powder, nanometer titanium dioxide, sub-micron titanium dioxide, sphere silicon fine powder and lipophilic silica content were 15 wt%, 15wt%, 15wt%, 10wt%, 20wt% and 3 wt % of solid mass of silicone resin, respectively, the coating had good gloss and no holes were occurred on the surface. And there were no bubbles or shrinkage cavities in the obtained coating when the leveling agent S43, defoamer 900 and dispersant 670 content were 0.7 wt%, 0.1wt% and 0.3wt% of the total mass of paint, respectively.