Good Design Research Articles

Simplified clinical frailty scale design, validation, and adaptation in older patients.

The clinical frailty scale (CFS) evaluates the level of frailty based on clinical examination, comorbidities, and functional and activity levels of older patients. However, there are many difficulties for internists in evaluating frailty with this scale. Therefore, simplifying the CFS with good design and application is required for better treatment outcomes. Our study was conducted to design and evaluate the correlation of a simplified clinical frailty scale (sCFS) with CFS in older patients. We undertook a cross-sectional analysis involving 279 older patients, which comprised two steps. Step 1 involves the implementation of sCFS, a protocol that has been endorsed by the Geriatrics Professional Council (GPC). Step 2 entails the enrollment of older patients for frailty assessment using sCFS, comparing it with CFS. The study was conducted on 279 older patients; the average age was 75.7 ± 8.4 (years old), and men accounted for 34.8%. There was a high correlation between the sCFS and CFS (Pearson's r = 0.996; p < 0.001). The similarity of the sCFS to the CFS was very high, with Kappa coefficient = 0.984 (p < 0.001). Compared with the CFS, the sCFS had a Youden index of 98% with 100% sensitivity and 98% specificity assessed through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) with the CFS threshold of 5. The sCFS can be used to assess frailty with high sensitivity and specificity.

System Performance of Wing and Propellers in a Periodic Distributed Propulsion Experiment

The design task for distributed propulsion (DP) aircraft is more complex than conventional twin-engine designs due to the pronounced propeller wing interaction. DP concepts rely on a beneficial and robust interaction of propulsion and lifting surface. Additionally, a good DP design is optimised as a system such that each element is not optimised by itself (i.e. ηprop and CL/CD), but with consideration of the close coupled interaction. The evaluation of such an interaction driven setup is scope of this work. Thrust and torque of a periodic co-rotating DP wing are measured simultaneously with airfoil coefficients. Thereby the influence of propeller on the wing and vice versa are identified.Two different sets of propeller geometries with a diameter of D = 0.6 m are studied. One propeller set is designed for minimum induced propeller loss (MIL). The second propeller set is designed to have a constant induced axial velocity over the radius (CIV). We shall compare how the different strategies perform in the DP system.The two element wing has a span of B = 2.4 m and a reference chord of c = 0.8 m, operating at Re = 2.1 × 106. For this study, the propellers are pitched to meet a constant cT, J and Matip . The results focus on the system performance for the combined setup in take-off configuration. While the isolated propeller efficiency benefits from the integration in front of the wing by > Δηprop = 12%, the system efficiency suffers from increased drag on the trailing wing that is roughly tripled over the clean wing. Depending on the propeller position relative to the wing, interaction losses can be minimised so that a system efficiency gain over the isolated wing and propeller of > Δηsys = 4% is achieved.

Design study of a 450MW thermal Modified CANDLE fast reactor using helium gas as a coolant

The Modified CANDLE (MCANDLE) burnup scheme divides the reactor core into several regions in an axial or radial direction with equal volume. It works like the CANDLE burnup scheme except that, in the CANDLE burnup scheme, the reactor core is divided into three main regions in the axial direction. Namely, spent fuel, burning region and fresh fuel region. In this study, the design of a modular modified CANDLE fast reactor using helium gas as a coolant has been performed. One of the important roles of a modified CANDLE fast reactor is that it can utilize natural uranium as fuel without the need for enrichment or reprocessing. This type of reactor can be used, including in developing countries, without the nuclear proliferation problem. Using helium gas as a coolant gives hope for a fast reactor due to its properties, such as its less neutron absorption, less radioactive, and as helium is an inert gas, prevents chemical reactions with other materials. The study was performed on a rector with a thermal power of 450MWth. The active core was divided into ten regions with equal volume in radial directions. The refueling scheme has been optimized every ten years of burnup to obtain a good reactor design. In the beginning, the fuel was put in the first region after ten years of burnup was moved to the second region, after another ten years of burnup was moved to the third region and so on until the tenth region where the fuel gets out. The neutronic calculation has been performed using the SRAC (Standard Reactor Analysis Code system). The collision probability method (PIJ) was employed for cell burnup calculation, and CITATION was used for the reactor core design with JENDL 4.0 as the nuclear data library.

Formula omitted]piler: Compilers in search of compilations

Compilers pose significant challenges in their development as software products. Language developers face the complexities of ensuring efficiency, adhering to good design practices, and maintaining the overall codebase. These factors make it difficult to predict the unexpected impact of updates on existing software built on the current compiler stack. Furthermore, software created for a specific compiler often lacks reusability for other compiler environments. In this study, we propose a comprehensive framework for the uniform development of compilers that addresses these issues. Our approach involves developing compilers as a collection of small transpilation units, referred to as deltas. The transpilation infrastructure takes source code written in a particular source language and searches for a path of deltas to generate equivalent source code in the target language. By adopting this methodology, language developers can easily update their languages by introducing new deltas into the system. Existing code remains unaffected as old transpilation paths remain available. To support this framework, we have devised a metric space for efficient delta search. This metric space enables us to define a non-overestimating heuristic function, which proves valuable in solving the search problem. Leveraging the A* search algorithm, we can efficiently transpile programs from a source language to the target language. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we conducted a benchmark comparison between the A* search algorithm and the simpler breadth-first search (BFS) algorithm. The benchmark consisted of over 100 transpilation searches, providing valuable insights into the performance and capabilities of this framework.

Evaluating Project-Based Learning Success: Unveiling Insights through Supervised Machine Learning Assessment

In physics education research, the success of implementing the project-based learning model is typically assessed based on students' learning outcomes. There are very few studies that specifically evaluate the success of implementing the project-based learning model in terms of the process. This is due to the difficulty of assessing the process itself. The aim of this research was to obtain information on the success profile of implementing the Project Based Learning (PBL) model assessed using Supervised Machine Learning. This research used a qualitative descriptive method. The subjects of the research were 60 undergraduate students Jambi University. Data was collected based on the students' success in each stage of PBL. The stages of PBL include 1) project team introduction and planning; 2) initial research phase for information gathering; 3) creation, development, initial evaluation, and prototyping; 4) second research phase; 5) final development stage; and 6) publication of the product or artefact. Every stage of project-based learning is structured using supervised machine learning. This aims to facilitate students' direct involvement in project-based learning in supervised machine learning, enabling teachers to rapidly evaluate and give feedback. The success of project-based learning depends mostly on the precision of the students' group in project design, as indicated by studies. If the planning process is executed well, including tool and material selection, project execution procedures, and good design, students will have no challenges during the product creation stage.

Development and Validation of Patient Information Leaflet for Schizophrenia

Abstract Context: People with severe mental illnesses like schizophrenia demonstrate a high rate of therapeutic noncompliance in contrast to other forms of mental illnesses. Educating patients regarding the disease and treatment helps to overcome the barriers of their resistance toward the prescribed regimen. Numerous tools have been developed for educating patients and the most convenient and cost-effective form of educational tool is a leaflet. Aims: The study aims to develop and validate a patient information leaflet (PIL) for patients with schizophrenia. Methods: The PIL contents were generated from various sources of literature and discussion with several experts in the fields of psychiatry, dietetics, and pharmacy, followed by validation using the content validation index (CVI) method. The Flesch reading ease (FRE) and Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) formulas were employed to assess readability and evaluate layout and design, Baker-Able Leaflet Design (BALD) criteria were utilized. Results: The prepared draft PIL obtained CVI scores of 0.94 (relevance) and 0.84 (clarity), indicating good content validity. The readability scores 74.4 (FRE) and 4 (FKGL) denoted that the textual contents in the PIL are relatively easy to read by any person with an educational grade of four and above. The BALD scores of 29 (English) and 26 (Malayalam and Kannada) represent the PIL good layout and design. Conclusion: A draft PIL for patients with schizophrenia is prepared and validated. Further user-testing analysis is needed to evaluate the PIL’s efficiency in the target population.

On the Diversified Performance of Modern Picture Book Illustration Design

Picture books, as a form of cultural communication in daily life, have subtly influenced all aspects of people's lives and all walks of life. People also continue to research, develop and innovate in the creation of picture books. Picture books have opened up a more diversified way of reading for today's society, which helps people have a clearer understanding of graphic expressions. In today's daily life, there are many details that people do not pay attention to in the design of picture book illustrations, can be a good design element, can make the picture book creation closer to daily life, better portray the appearance of things, to give people a sense of immersive experience. Both can convey the author's thoughts and ideas, but also can increase the affinity and beauty of the picture. The development of modern picture book illustration design requires the efforts of countries all over the world. In the face of the problems of domestic picture book design, the illustration design methods of foreign modern picture books can also provide certain inspiration and help.

Re-envisioning the Park-and-Ride concept for the automated vehicle (AV) era with Private-to-Shared AV transfer stations

Cities implemented park-and-ride (PNR) systems to decrease congestion in dense urban areas while providing transit options to travelers who live in a city's low- to medium-density regions. The success of PNR systems is mixed, as they suffer from several disadvantages, namely, the uncertainty of parking locations and infrequent and/or unreliable transit services, and the fact that travelers still need to walk to their destination. Motivated by the premise of PNR systems and the potential of automated vehicles (AVs), to address each of the shortcomings of PNR systems, this study proposes a future system with near-ubiquitous AVs where travelers transfer from privately owned AVs (PAVs) to shared-use, shared-ride AVs (SAVs), called a PAV-SAV transfer system. This study proposes a modeling framework to assess the potential market share of the PAV-SAV transfer system and the network impacts (e.g., congestion, vehicle miles traveled) of the proposed system. Finally, the study identifies good designs for the PAV-SAV transfer system using scenario analysis. The critical design variables are the location of transfer stations, the capacity of SAVs, and the transfer station connector links. For the Greater Los Angeles area, the computational results show a market share for PAV-SAV of almost 18% for person trips terminating in downtown Los Angeles. In all scenarios, the proposed PAV-SAV system decreases vehicle hours traveled (VHT) across the whole network with significant decreases in the urban core. For all designs, the PAV-SAV system decreases vehicle miles traveled (VMT) compared to a network without PAV-SAV transfer stations, albeit only slightly. Locating transfer stations closer to the urban core, increasing vehicle capacities, and connecting transfer stations to both arterial links and highway links improves network performance (i.e., VMT and VHT) and increases the market share of the PAV-SAV system.

Flash Organometallic Catalysis Uncovered by Continuous Microfluidic Devices.

The flash organometallic catalysis is a new concept that refers to the study of fast and controlled organometallic catalytic reactions by using microfluidic devices. Flash reactions' kinetics (ms-s scale) is often ignored due to the lack of proper research tool in organometallic chemistry. The development of microfluidic systems offers the opportunity to discover under-studied mechanisms and new reactions. In this concept, the basic theory of kinetic measurement in a microreactor is briefly reviewed and then two examples on studying flash organometallic catalytic transformation are introduced. One example is the discovery of a highly active palladium catalytic species for Suzuki Coupling and the other example is the study of a neglected isomerization catalytic cycle with a time scale of seconds before isomerization-hydroformylation by customized microfluidic devices. The last part is summary and prospect of this new area. Customizing a microfluidic device with good engineering design for a target reaction supports flash reactions' kinetic experimentation and could become a general strategy in chemistry lab.

Julia Keiner’s Universalism and the Question of Israeli style

Abstract The existence, or lack thereof, of a distinguishable Israeli style remains a central question in the historiography of Israeli art and design. This a examines tensions produced by this debate between the 1940s and 1960s—a formative period of Israeli nation-building—as manifested in the design and pedagogical ideology of handweaver Julia Keiner (1900–1992), who immigrated to Mandatory Palestine from Germany in 1936 and founded the textile department at the New Bezalel School of Art and Craft. I argue that, for Keiner, good design was based on objective, universal principles stemming from the interrelation of process and material, as well as the objective laws of nature. However, her work was ineluctably entangled with this search for a distinctly Hebrew or Israeli style. This essay shows how each of the textile department’s two fields of training—weaving and embroidery—reflected tensions between Keiner’s universalist approach and local efforts to establish such a national style.

SOCIAL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF SPACE: STUDY OF PUBLIC-MARKET IN BANDUNG, INDONESIA

This paper aims to examine the role of architecture in social production and consumption of space, using public markets –architectural artifacts with rich social contents– as cases. This research adopts Low’s (2017) concept of social production of space and Dovey’s (2010) social constructivism of place to uncover the social production and consumption of public markets’ space. Cihapit and Pamoyanan market in Bandung, Indonesia, are selected as research cases, due to their cultural contents, appealing to consumers from middle to upper class society. It is found several roles of architecture in social production and consumption of public market space: building typology and morphology signifies historical context of development; architectural buildings contributes to formalize trading activities and elevating social class of market traders; commodities zoning is organized based on functional and socio-historical consideration; spatial intensity is determined by access and commodities zoning; informal atmosphere emerges as a distinctive advantage of public markets; and spatial quality is relative depends on governance capacity. Although normative criteria for good design can be formulated, in practice, spatial quality of public market is relative and depends on its capacity for spatial governmentality. By exploring social production and consumption of space and place provides broader perspective on the social practices of architecture, emphasizing its contribution for social and humanity studies.

Effect of Olive Peat on the Density, Rheology, and Fluid Loss of Drilling Fluid

As it is known, the drilling mud which is the main part of all drilling operations in oil and gas wells should be optimum designed for achieving the target without obstacles. So, the good design of drilling fluid depends on the control of its physical properties such as the density which can be controlled by either adding a desirable solid such as barite or removing undesirable solids such as cuttings. Also, fluid loss can be controlled using lost circulation materials.In this study, experimental work has been conducted to study the effect of a new material called Olive Peat on the rheological properties of drilling fluid by conducting routine tests.The laboratory experiment is carried out firstly on row drilling mud without Olive Peat. Then, different percentages of Olive Peat have been added to the row mud and properties of these new mixtures were estimated.Results presented that the Olive peat has an Inverse relationship with the density of the drilling fluid because of the oil inside the new material which leads to creating an emulsion.Furthermore, results show that the new studied material can be used in the drilling circulation system as it reduces the volume of fluid loss in mud.

Sampling design methods for making improved lake management decisions

AbstractThe ecological status of lakes is important for understanding an ecosystem's biodiversity as well as for service water quality and policies related to land use and agricultural run‐off. If the status is weak, then decisions about management alternatives need to be made. We assess the value of information of lake monitoring in Finland, where lakes are abundant. With reasonable ecological values and restoration costs, the value of information analysis can be compared with the survey's costs. Data are worth gathering if the expected value from the data exceeds the costs. From existing data, we specify a hierarchical Bayesian spatial logistic regression model for the ecological status of lakes. We then rely on functional approximations and Laplace approximations to get closed‐form expressions for the value of information of a sampling design. The case study contains thousands of lakes. The combinatorially difficult design problem is to wisely pick the right subset of lakes for data gathering. To solve this optimization problem, we study the performance of various heuristics: greedy forward algorithms, exchange algorithms and Bayesian optimization approaches. The value of information increases quickly when adding lakes to a small design but then flattens out. Good designs are usually composed of lakes that are difficult to manage, while also balancing a variety of covariates and geographic coverage. The designs achieved by forward selection are reasonably good, but we can outperform them with the more nuanced search algorithms. Statistical designs clearly outperform other designs selected according to simpler criteria.

3D/4D printed versatile fibre‐based wearables for embroidery, AIE‐chemosensing, and unidirectional draining

AbstractFibre‐based wearables for embroidery, chemosensing, and biofluid's unidirectional draining with good flexibility, tunability, and designability drive technological advance. However, synthetic polymer fibres are non‐degradable, threatening the environment and human health. Herein, we have developed versatile microfibre‐based wearables by combining many advantages in one platform of biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) and melt electrowriting strategy. Diverse potential applications of PLA wearables are achieved by flexibly designing their printing files, components and structures. Three‐dimensional printing files are generated from two‐dimensional images to fabricate ‘embroidery‐like’ patterns. PLA/aggregation‐induced emission fluorogens (AIE) chemosensors exhibit colorimetric and fluorescent colour changes upon exposure to amine vapours. Janus PLA‐cotton textiles with a hydrophobic/hydrophilic structure could facilitate unidirectional draining of sweats which is favourable for the management of temperature and humidity on the surface of skin. The proposed platform can not only broaden the design possibilities in 3D/4D printing but also offer wide potential applications for functional wearables.

The Influence of Clothing Display Design on Consumer Purchasing Behavior

This paper discusses the influence of clothing display design on consumers' purchasing behavior. The results show that good display design can effectively attract consumers' attention, stimulate the desire to buy, and promote sales. Through reasonable spatial layout, color collocation, style arrangement and lighting design, an attractive shopping environment can be created, so that consumers can have a positive emotional response in the process of browsing, so as to make purchase decisions. In addition, personalized and thematic display methods can also meet consumers' needs for uniqueness and differentiation. Therefore, clothing brands should pay attention to the role of display design in sales, and improve consumers' shopping experience and brand loyalty through continuous optimization of display schemes.

Evaluating the societal implications of combining visual communication with emerging digital platforms

The use of visual communication on new digital platforms is changing different areas of society, making these platforms very important for offering new services that make people's daily lives better. However, as digital platforms grow, it becomes more difficult to use visual communication across various industries, and its effects on society are not fully understood yet. This study looks at how digital platforms can make visual communication more effective in important areas of society like healthcare, business, and education. It does this by using a quantitative research method to explore how using visuals through digital media can make operations more efficient and information easier to access in these areas. The study used a survey method, collecting data from many people through specially designed questionnaires to see how visual communication technologies affect things. It used a statistical technique called confirmatory factor analysis to make sure the survey questions were measuring what they were supposed to, like how efficient hospitals are, how successful business centers are, and how effective educational institutions are at using visual communication. The findings show that good visual communication design greatly helps the areas studied work better and succeed more. The study's statistical tests show strong evidence that the survey measures were reliable and accurately reflected what they were meant to. This research proves that digital platforms are changing visual communication design in a way that helps operations run more smoothly and supports the development of society. Besides showing how important visual communication is in the digital world today, the study provides solid evidence of its benefits across different areas and suggests that we should use these technologies more to improve social and economic results.

Chromotherapy Method in Rehabilitation Center for Drug Addict

This study explains about color as a therapy in rehabilitation center for narcotics. Nowadays, color in architecture is not only aesthetically pleasing but also affects people emotionally and psychologically because it can stimulate the nervous system. Using color as a therapy or Chromotherapy has been used from ancient times until now and the effect of its application in health facilities can provide psychological well-being and create therapeutic environment for patients healing process. Narcotics patients get negative impact physically and psychologically from the drug itself, they usually have high stress levels. The factors that can increase stress in a drug addict patient are negative emotions, people, and environment. By paying attention to the quality of color in the drug healing environment, it can reduce or eliminate stressors that come from the environment. This can have positive effects such as a calming effect, reduce stress and make the patient feel better. In other words, architectural designs that tend towards quiet space will be a good design for building a rehabilitation center.

Adamantane-based low-dielectric-constant photocurable resin for 3D printing electronics

In this work, a novel formulation is developed to prepare photocurable polyurethane acrylate (PUA) resin with a low dielectric constant for 3D printing applications. To amend the deficient electronic properties of regular 3D printed PUA materials, a symmetric polymer structure 1,3-adamantanediol (ADO) is introduced into the PUA polymer matrix to effectively decrease the dielectric constant. A low dielectric constant (Dk = 2.26) and a low loss tangent (Df = 0.018) at 10 GHz after formulation, are significantly lower than commercial PCB materials (High Tg FR-4, Dk = 4 and Df = 0.02). The modified PUA also exhibits great mechanical properties (tensile strength 12.02 MPa and elongation break at 111.35%) and can be further metalized with adhesive copper layers (5B adhesion test). With little addition of BN powder (1 wt%), the Df of PUA resin can also be effectively reduced (Df = 0.006), and the measured values of its metalized substrate antenna parameters are proven to be within the acceptable range for 5 G devices. The PUA resin can also be printed into complex 3D structures for 5 G flexible circuit board applications with good design flexibility, and the low dielectric constant provides the opportunity to replace traditional rigid FR-4 substrates for 5 G flexible board applications.

Design and Development of Intelligent Learning System for University Innovation and Entrepreneurship Based on Knowledge Visualisation

To build a comprehensive learning resource system covering learning process, learning users, learning resources and other aspects, an intelligent learning system for innovation and entrepreneurship in universities was constructed and designed combined with knowledge visualisation theory. The system includes student information record module, system recommendation calculation module, learning material module, and knowledge visualisation module. The research focuses on the system recommendation calculation module, including the User-based Collaborative Filtering Algorithm (UCF) and the Joint Recommendation (JR) algorithm of the application content recommendation algorithm. The best neighbour number of JR is 20, and the best transmission path length is 2. The recommendation effect is optimal under this setting. The convergence iterations of the training and test set of the joint recommendation algorithm are 80 times and 100 times, respectively. For the training set and test set, the accuracy, precision, sensitivity, recall, running time, error, and other performance evaluation indicators of the joint recommendation algorithm are better than the corresponding values of other recommendation algorithms. The system has a good design effect and experience effect in the application of the online learning platform.

Upaya Meningkatkan Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Desain Pekerjaan dan Lingkungan Kerja dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening

This study aims to investigate the relationship between job design, work environment, job satisfaction, and employee performance in an organization. These factors are considered to have an important role in creating optimal working conditions and encouraging employees to achieve high performance. The research method used is a survey with a quantitative approach. The respondents of this study were employees from several organizations in various industrial sectors. Data were collected through questionnaires adapted from instruments that have been tested for reliability. The results of data analysis showed a positive relationship between good job design and employee performance. This suggests that when job duties and responsibilities are clearly organized, employees have a better chance of achieving set performance goals. In addition, the results also show that a good work environment contributes positively to employee performance. Factors such as social support, adequate physical facilities, and a positive organizational culture can increase employee motivation and engagement, which in turn improves their performance. In conclusion, this study provides a more in-depth understanding of the relationship between job design, work environment, job satisfaction, and employee performance. This research is expected to provide guidance and recommendations for management practitioners to implement effective strategies to improve employee performance in their work environment.