Good Accessibility Research Articles

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SESSION TITLE: Impact of Health Disparities and Differences SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Original Inv PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 11:15 am - 12:15 pm PURPOSE: Living in rural areas is associated with higher COPD prevalence, even among never-smokers. In addition, the rural residence increased a 70% increase in the odds of total COPD exacerbations. Patients living in rural areas have a 46% higher incidence rate of COPD exacerbations. In this study, we explored the impact of a residential area on the COPD outcomes such as exacerbation, change in pulmonary function, and quality of life in a highly urbanized country. METHODS: This study was a prospective, non-interventional, observational cohort study. Patients were recruited from 54 medical centers in South Korea between December 2011 and January 2018. Using data of 2,119 patients from the KOCOSS (Korea COPD Subgroup Study) cohort, we compared the demographic and residential characteristics, development of exacerbation, change of pulmonary function, and quality of life according to the residential area. RESULTS: A total of 1,083 (51.1%) patients were living in the large city, 548 (25.9%) in small & medium-sized cities, and 488 (23.0%) in the rural area at the enrollment. According to the residential area, there was a significant difference in dyspnea severity and quality of life at baseline. The mean mMRC score was 1.42 for patients living in the rural area, 1.35 for those from small and medium-sized cities, and 1.24 for large cities, respectively (p<0.001). The mean SGRQc for the rural area was 33.7 and 31.8 for small and medium-sized cities and 30.6 for large cities (p=0.028). The CAT score was not different at baseline. The moderate exacerbations developed more frequently in rural areas than urban areas during follow-up (3.56 for rural areas, 3.44 for small & medium-sized cities, and 2.39 for large cities, p=0.001). A similar trend was observed for severe exacerbations but statistically not significant (0.74 for rural areas, 0.72 for small & medium-sized cities, and 0.49 for large cities, p=0.054). FEV1 and FVC were highest for patients from large cities in the first and second years of follow-up. There were no significant differences in total CAT scores and SGRQc during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the clinical COPD outcomes between residential area groups. Patients living in rural areas experienced moderate exacerbation more frequently. Other outcomes, such as severe exacerbation, quality of life, or lung function, had similar development patterns but did not meet the statistical significance. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The residential area does not seem to impact the clinical outcome of COPD patients except for moderate exacerbation. The good accessibility to health care facilities in South Korea can partly explain our findings. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Yong Il Hwang No relevant relationships by Chang Youl Lee No relevant relationships by Kyu Jin Lee no disclosure submitted for Yong Bum Park; No relevant relationships by KWANG HA YOO

Bridging hollow carbon nanostructures to hierarchically pomegranate-like microspheres for efficient oil adsorption and catalysis applications

Hierarchical carbon superstructures that built from primary nanoscale objects and featured with a micro- or macroscopic architecture are highly desired, as credited by the synergistically integrated specialties. Here, we present a simple “microconfined-assembly-locking” approach to achieve pomegranate-like mesoporous carbon microspheres (PMCMs), in which the Pickering droplet-confined colloidal particle assembly and surfactant-directed interfacial locking are coupled. The formed PMCMs possess a unique micro-nano-hierarchical structure that consisting numerous mesoporous hollow carbon nanospheres within a permeable crust. Benefitting from this hierarchical arrangement, such a peculiar architecture not only preserves high surface area, large pore volume and good accessibility of the nano-building blocks, but also upgrades in mechanical strength and easy handling ability. In addition, this strategy allows the interior microstructures to be manipulated through combinatorial varying the assembled colloidal particles and interfacial chemical locking processes. Notably, the PMCMs show superior sorption capacity and cyclability for organics or oils from water in a fixed-bed system, which could also be applied to enhance the catalytic performance in hydrogenation of aromatic compounds after loading with Ru nanoparticles. This synthetic method provides a powerful bridge between nanoscale objects and microscale patterning, and paves a way to access other novel superstructures for expanding their potential applications.

Development of the multidimensional health perceptions questionnaire in English and Spanish

PurposeTo develop the novel multidimensional health perceptions questionnaire (MHPQ), a self-reported assessment of health perceptions inclusive of (1) individuals beliefs about the causes and consequences of health conditions, benefits and barriers to maintaining and improving health, ability to accomplish health-related goals and control health circumstances, and the role of God and/or spirituality in health and healthcare, (2) anticipated discrimination in the healthcare systems, and (3) trust in healthcare providers and medicine, illustrated in our newly proposed Multidimensional Health Perceptions Conceptual Model.MethodsWe developed an initial MHPQβ item set, corresponding to domains of our conceptual model, using a patient-centered outcomes development approach. This include literature review, expert and end-user feedback, translation and language validation (specifically to Latin American Spanish), and cognitive interviewing.ResultsThe initial 104 items of MHPQβ had excellent content validity, with a Content Validity Index of 98.1%. After expert (n = 13) feedback, translation and language validation, and cognitive interviewing among community-dwelling English-speakers (n = 5) and Spanish-speakers (n = 4), the final MHPQβ comprised 93 items rated on a five-point agreement scale (1 = Strongly disagree to 5 = Strongly agree), with a reading grade level of 6th grade in English and 8th grade in Spanish.ConclusionThe MHPQβ is a promising tool to assess individuals’ health perceptions. It has excellent content validity and good reading accessibility. Future work will establish the factor structure and final item set of the MHPQ.

Primary Health Institutions and Service Quality in China: Implications for Health Policy.

Background: To protect and improve the health of populations, the important role of primary health institutions has been strengthened through a series of health policies, especially the implementation of a national hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system. In this light, we aim to evaluate the development of primary health institutions between 2013, before the implementation of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system, and 2020 as well as people’s perception of the quality of primary healthcare services. Method: The national-level data (e.g., the numbers of primary health institutions, personnel, beds, visits, and hospitalizations) regarding primary health institutions were collected from the Health Statistics Yearbook, and the perceptions of the quality of primary healthcare services were collected by a web-based questionnaire survey using an internationally recognized assessment tool (i.e., PCAT-AE). In total, 10,850 persons were surveyed, and 10,419 participants were incorporated into the final analysis after removing invalid questionnaires. A descriptive statistical analysis (i.e., frequency and percentage) was used to analyze the national-level characteristics of primary health institutions and people’s perceptions of the quality of primary healthcare services. Moreover, a logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing the perceptions of the quality of primary healthcare services. Results: From the macro perspective, the number of primary health institutions, beds, and personnel per 10 thousand residents slightly increased from 2013 to 2020, especially in the eastern and central areas. However, the average number of visits and the hospitalization rate in primary health institutions showed a decrease, especially in central and eastern areas. Among participants, 92.2% (9606/10,419) of them had previously sought healthcare services in primary health institutions, and most were seeking general outpatient services (57.06–63.45%), followed by medicine purchasing (16.49–21.51%), physical examinations (9.91–11.49%), preventive health services (5.11–6.48%), and hospitalization services (3.17–5.67%). The total perception scores on the quality of primary healthcare services reported by the participants were 26.19 and 27.00 for rural and urban areas, respectively, which accounted for 65.5% and 67.5% of the total score, respectively, and 26.62, 26.86, and 25.89 for the eastern, central, and western areas, respectively, with percentages of 66.6%, 67.2%, and 64.7%. The perception score on the quality among people contracted with a family doctor (29.83, 74.58%) was much higher than those who were not (25.25, 63.13%), and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Moreover, people who were female, married, had higher incomes, and were diagnosed with various diseases had better perceptions of the primary healthcare services compared to their counterparts (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Improvements were seen for primary health institutions, especially in terms of hardware resources such as beds and personnel. However, the service utilization in primary health institutions did not improve between 2013 and 2020. The perception score on the quality of primary healthcare was moderate to low in rural and urban as well as eastern, central, and western areas, but it was significantly higher among people contracted with a family doctor than those who were not. Therefore, it is important for policy makers to take or adjust measures focusing on quality improvement and increasing the service utilization in primary health institutions with good first contact, accessibility, continuity, comprehensiveness, and coordination, such as raising the enrollment rate of family doctors and promoting the provision of high-quality services.

Population mobility network and spatial accessibility based on peer-to-peer interactive energy management

With the advancement of science and technology and the development of the world economy, the global demand for energy is increasing day by day. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the utilization rate of fossil fuels. The key is to promote the rapid development of renewable energy and increase the proportion of new energy consumption. Therefore, accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the energy structure has become the top priority of future energy policies, and energy management has also become a hot topic in contemporary times. The high-speed and free population flow between cities has promoted the flow of production factors within the region, and a population flow network is slowly forming. The spatial accessibility index is used to evaluate the rationality of the spatial layout of urban facilities, and can also be used to test the service efficiency and the fairness of spatial distribution. This paper explores population mobility networks and spatial accessibility based on peer-to-peer interactive energy management. The purpose is to propose a good population flow network and spatial accessibility research method to explore the urban population flow characteristics and spatial characteristics with higher efficiency. This paper first introduces related methods for interactive energy management, population mobility networks, and spatial accessibility. A network analysis model of population flow is proposed, and the evaluation index and method of spatial accessibility are proposed. Finally, two experiments are done in this paper. First, we study the population mobility network in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chongqing. The result is a correlation between the average distance of the network edges and the node degree value. The larger the degree value, the larger the average distance. The second experiment investigates the spatial accessibility of commercial facilities in Hangzhou. It is concluded that the difference between the maximum and minimum values of Hangzhou's total clustering degree is 86.3, and the standard deviation is 38.98. It proves that the global integration of Hangzhou is unbalanced and the degree of agglomeration is not high.

Urban Accessibility in World Heritage Cities. Accessibility Considerations in Pedestrian Routes in Historic City Centres.

In Spain, fifteen cities have been declared World Heritage Cities by UNESCO. This implies a responsibility to conserve all the heritage wealth of these places. However, what is the point of heritage if it cannot be known and visited? In order to be able to do this for all people, in equal and inclusive conditions, it is essential to consider Accessibility and Universal Design principles. This is a challenge that requires a personalised study in places that were precisely built with the idea of being inaccessible. In particular, the study of the urban fabric and pedestrian itineraries are the determining spaces that this article develops. The aim of this study is to determine the keys and possible guidelines for the definition of urban accessibility indicators in the routes of historic city centres. For this purpose, significant routes have been sought in historic centres from the accessibility point of view: areas of high pedestrian traffic (in many cases for tourist reasons). Thus, six of the fifteen historic quarters of the World Heritage Cities in Spain have been selected for the study, with examples of good accessibility practices and difficulties that can be identified in their itineraries. For this analysis, an initial study of the existing documentation on the subject (secondary information sources) is carried out, in addition to a direct analysis (primary information source) of the graphic documentation compiled in each of these places. Subsequently, a complementary analysis will be made of some examples of good practice in pedestrian routes in historic city centres in cities in other countries. On the basis of this preliminary analysis, a comparison will be made to establish common points and singularities among the different case studies first, and then with other cities. This diagnosis provides results that are identified as "keys to consider in the intervention on pedestrian routes in historic centres". These keys not only address issues of mobility, but also location, orientation, understanding, etc., thus addressing a holistic consideration of accessibility as a fundamental principle for all people, and in particular for the elderly sector, which is one of the groups that is clearly growing and which, without necessarily having to have a severe or recognised disability, needs an accessible environment that is easy to use. As a main conclusion, it can be said that the results of this study do not only have an internal application for these cities but can be perfectly extrapolated as a basis for the elaboration of specific indicators for any historic city centre in any city in the world, considering the necessary adaptation to the specific characteristics of each city.

Tourist attractiveness of rural communes in the functional urban area of Olsztyn – a voivodship city

Motives: Tourist potential is determined by the presence of tourism-related assets, the level of tourismoriented development and the transport accessibility of an area. The dominant role in lake zones is played by their natural assets, mainly in rural areas with potential for the development of ecotourism, nature tourism and the implementation of sustainable tourism. A position relative to an urban centre, especially a provincial city, is the decisive factor for development opportunities in rural communes. Aim: The aim of the study was to analyse and compare the tourist attractiveness of rural communes in the functional urban area of Olsztyn – a provincial city. Results: The study was conducted by means of multidimensional comparative analysis with synthetic measures. The commune of Stawiguda, rich in natural and cultural assets and with good transport accessibility, proved to be the area with the highest tourist attractiveness (0.662). On the other end of the spectrum, the commune of Dywity achieved the lowest score (0.475) despite the best utilisation of its position neighbouring an urban centre.

Portable and durable sensor based on porous MOFs hybrid sponge for fluorescent-visual detection of organophosphorus pesticide

Pesticide residues have raised serious public concern towards agriculture, environment and food safety. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been employed as promising recognition and signal generation elements in sensors for pesticide detection. However, the general format of tiny particles with poor dispersity brings obstacles to detection operation and the improvement of sensing performance. Here, we report a sensor based on porous MOFs hybrid sponge for fluorescent-visible detection of methyl parathion. Benefiting from the intermediate of adhesive and porous fibrin film, MOFs are loaded with good dispersion and accessibility, thereby endowing the sensor with a rapid response time of 10-min, a wide linear detection range of 50–2500 μg L-1, and a low limit of detection of 4.95 μg L-1. Moreover, the hybrid sensor presented superior durability and anti-interference ability to the detection in complex conditions, including organic solvents, acidic solution, high temperature, and even chemical interferences. This hybrid not only provides a new construction strategy for a nanomaterial-based sensor, but also permits a portable and durable route for the detection.

Identification of Tourism Components of Tourism Villages in Supporting Tourism Development in the New Normal Era: Kerta Village Gianyar Bali

Purpose: This study aims to identify the destination components in Kerta Tourism Village, Gianyar, Bali to support the development of tourist villages in the new normal era. The focus of this study is to determine the attractiveness analysis based on four aspects of tourist destination components by using Tourism Destination Development Theory, which focuses on attraction, amenities, accessibilities, and ancillary. Methods: The data were collected by the observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies. Furthermore, the data that has been collected will be analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. Results: The success of developing a tourism village can be seen in the benefits of managing its potencies to improve the welfare of local community. Kerta Tourism Village has developed four aspects of tourist destination components. There are three types of tourist attractions that can be found, namely natural attractions, cultural attractions, and man-made attractions. The supporting facilities are still limited, and generally provided and owned by the private, therefore it does not provide economic benefits for the community. Kerta village has good accessibility, making it easier for tourists to use various types of transportation. However, the limited street lighting should be a concern for the villager. For the ancillary aspect, the tourism village is managed by Pokdarwis, a community that formed to mobilize community participation to jointly develop tourism potential in the village. Tourism villages can be an alternative tourism destination in this new normal era since they are closely related to nature and cultural elements as well as several sites in a tourism village. Therefore, it is feasible to develop a tourism village by following standard health protocols in the era of adaptation to new and post-pandemic habits to assures tourists travel safely in tourist villages. Contribution: Practically, this study is expected to be a recommendation for stakeholders in efforts to develop tourist destinations, especially for those involved in developing the Kerta Tourism Village.

A multi-step approach for tongue image classification in patients with diabetes

BackgroundIn China, diabetes is a common, high-incidence chronic disease. Diabetes has become a severe public health problem. However, the current diagnosis and treatment methods are difficult to control the progress of diabetes. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has become an option for the treatment of diabetes due to its low cost, good curative effect, and good accessibility. ObjectiveBased on the tongue images data to realize the fine classification of the diabetic population, provide a diagnostic basis for the formulation of individualized treatment plans for diabetes, ensure the accuracy and consistency of the TCM diagnosis, and promote the objective and standardized development of TCM diagnosis. MethodsWe use the TFDA-1 tongue examination instrument to collect the tongue images of the subjects. Tongue Diagnosis Analysis System (TDAS) is used to extract the TDAS features of the tongue images. Vector Quantized Variational Autoencoder (VQ-VAE) extracts VQ-VAE features from tongue images. Based on VQ-VAE features, K-means clustering tongue images. TDAS features are used to describe the differences between clusters. Vision Transformer (ViT) combined with Grad-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) is used to verify the clustering results and calculate positioning diagnostic information. ResultsBased on VQ-VAE features, K-means divides the diabetic population into 4 clusters with clear boundaries. The silhouette, calinski harabasz, and davies bouldin scores are 0.391, 673.256, and 0.809, respectively.Cluster 1 had the highest Tongue Body L (TB-L) and Tongue Coating L (TC-L) and the lowest Tongue Coating Angular second moment (TC-ASM), with a pale red tongue and white coating. Cluster 2 had the highest TC-b with a yellow tongue coating. Cluster 3 had the highest TB-a with a red tongue. Group 4 had the lowest TB-L, TC-L, and TB-b and the highest Per-all with a purple tongue and the largest tongue coating area. ViT verifies the clustering results of K-means, the highest Top-1 Classification Accuracy (CA) is 87.8%, and the average CA is 84.4%. ConclusionsThe study organically combined unsupervised learning, self-supervised learning, and supervised learning and designed a complete diabetic tongue image classification method. This method does not rely on human intervention, makes decisions based entirely on tongue image data, and achieves state-of-the-art results. Our research will help TCM deeply participate in the individualized treatment of diabetes and provide new ideas for promoting the standardization of TCM diagnosis.

An Evaluation Framework for Sustainable Development: The Challenge for Planners and Development

The continued urbanizing with rapid development has induced the changes of several urban environmentalaspects both positive and negative impacts. Although urban development has brought high technology improvementto support the demand of population, the transformations in term of replacement of natural resources andsocial value has become sustainability challenges, especially in the nonphysical terms. These changes has beenan evidence of influences of revolutionize on urban physical terms create on the structure of urban morphologyกรอบการประเมินการพัฒนาอย่างยั่งยืน:ความท้าทายของนักวางแผนต่อการพัฒนาเมืองAn Evaluation Framework for Sustainable Development:The Challenge for Planners and Developmentภาวิณี เอี่ยมตระกูล1 ชมพูนุท คงพุนพิน2 และ วิมลสิทธิ์ หรยางกูร3Pawinee Iamtrakul1, Chompoonut Kongphunphin2 and Vimolsiddhi Horayangkura3คณะสถาปัตยกรรมศาสตร์และการผังเมือง มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์ จังหวัดปทุมธานี 12121Faculty of Architecture and Planning, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12121, ThailandE-mail: iamtrakul@gmail.com186 JARS 10(1). 2013which has been essential for meeting this challenge to improve efficient urban development and planningphase. The conceptual and analytical framework covering different aspects both physical and nonphysicalcharacteristics with rational land use structure plays an essential role for objectively evaluating thesustainability of urban land use. Thus, to explore the association of those characteristics, this study identifiedthe potential neighborhood structure by applying a geographical analysis tool to quantify the spatial interactionof social space of the adjacent area. Consequently, social features could be determined in terms of socialcapital of different locations in dissimilar neighborhoods of Thakhlong municipality, Pathumthani province. Basedon the application of Potential Surface Analysis (PSA) and Urban Network Analysis (UNA), the major factors forevaluating the sustainability of urban land use could be used to explain. It was found that public spaces of thetraditional communities within the study area demonstrated poor urban potential. On the other hand, with goodlocal accessibility and low traffic volume, these areas have been important places of the community in term ofpublic spaces such as space in temple, market, etc. The more social capital could be induced within this typeof spaces rather than the community near by the industrial area which is represented of new development areaof good accessibility with higher hierarchy of roads. This finding could be applied for further suggestionsand recommendations for concerned government to design relevant policy in achieving the sustainabledevelopment of urban land use and planning. Also the framework of this study could be appropriate for anassessment of the sustainability of urban land use and planning.

KARAKTERISTIK USAHATANI TEMBAKAU DI DAERAH PINGGIRAN HUTAN

Tobacco is one of the potential estate crops commodity because of the large amount of consumer within the productive age group. In recent years, Bandung District's production of tobacco is increasing and didn’t decrease it’s land area. Furthermore, Cicalengka Sub-district productivity is in the top five of Bandung District. So, the Cicalengka Sub-district can be assumed potential in tobacco farming. Based on the observation in Cijaha, Tanjungwangi Village there is a phenomenon where farmer leaving their profession to non-farming related profession that resulted from good accessibility to the industries central and to the city. However, there are some that still farming tobacco. The purpose of this research is to find out the farmer’s characteristic, their cultivation system, and profitability of the farmers in Cijaha. The research method used is the qualitative method with a case study approach. The analysis of this research was using are characteristic theory, tobacco cultivation technique, and farming feasibility with using snowball technique for sample selection. The tobacco farmer in Cijaha are categorized in non-productive age group, their education finished until elementary school, their number of dependents are low. The farmers are categorized as small-scale farmer, their land tenure are self-owned and rent, and the tobacco farmers are not motivated to expand their tobacco farming. Their method for cultivating tobacco is in accordance with expert's method, and tobacco farming in Cijaha, Tanjungwangi Village are incured losses and not feasible to expand further.

Geospatial-cartographic analysis of tourist opportunities in Ukraine based on alternative tourist accessibility

The purpose of the article is to substantiate geospatial-cartographic analysis methodology of alternative tourist accessibility for Ukrainian regions by individual types of tourism and highlighting the results of its practical approbation. The main material. The article provides the evaluation results of the tourist destinations (administrative regions) according to the author’s method of determining alternative tourist accessibility. Alternative tourist accessibility at this stage of the research involves assessment of territorial development potential as mutually exclusive opportunities, the choice of these opportunities for implementation of resort-healing, cultural-entertainment, cognitive, religious, hiking types of tourism. It is a continuation of the search for an optimal model of destination selection factors from the consumer’s point of view on tourist services to be taken into account. Using the combination of the rating approach, the method of places sums, mapping for processing of basic and special indicators of territorial, practical, price, information accessibility for Cherkasy region as a base example and other Ukrainian regions - competitors in above-mentioned types of tourism, we obtained practical recommendations not only for Cherkasy region itself, but also for other alternative areas. The authors established that Geospatial and cartographic analyses are the most appropriate at all stages of research: from studying the territory to presenting results and making administrative decisions. Conclusions and further research. The research revealed that Kyiv region is the leader in cultural-entertainment, religious and educational types of tourism. Odesa region is the leader in resort-healing, hiking types of tourism due to the developed infrastructure component, good basic territorial accessibility and active promotion of thematic tourism products. Cherkasy region is significantly behind the leaders in terms of territorial and practical factors of alternative tourist accessibility. The main competitors for Cherkasy region are the following regions: Vinnytsia and Poltava - in cognitive tourism, Vinnytsia and Mykolaiv - in health resorts, Poltava and Kherson - in cultural and entertainment, Vinnytsia and Khmelnytsky - in relation to religion. We found that the most stringent competition for development in the tourism sector was in walking sports and sports and recreation. The advantage of Cherkasy region is the price factor. Among the regions that occupy the lowest rungs, and often cannot compete with stronger regions due to a variety of insufficient factors, we single out Ternopil, Sumy, Khmelnytskyi, Zhytomyr regions by various types of tourism. As a promising direction of research, we define the adaptation of the proposed methodology at the united territorial community’s level.

CASPON platform technology: Ultrafast circularly permuted caspase-2 cleaves tagged fusion proteins before all 20 natural amino acids at the N-terminus

Fusion protein technologies improve the expression and purification of recombinant proteins, but the removal of the tags involved requires specific proteases. The circularly permuted caspase-2 (cpCasp2) with its specific cleavage site, efficiently generates the untagged protein. While cleavage with cpCasp2 is possible before all 20 proteinogenic amino acids, cleavage before valine, leucine, isoleucine, aspartate and glutamate suffers from slow, and before proline extremely slow, turnover. To make the platform fusion protein process even more general such that any protein with an authentic N-terminus can be produced with high efficiency, the bacterial selection system PROFICS (PRotease Optimization via Fusion-Inhibited Carbamoyltransferase-based Selection) was used to evolve cpCasp2 into a variant with a catalytic turnover two orders of magnitude higher and the ability to cleave before any amino acid. The high specificity and the stability of the original circularly permuted protease was fully retained in this mutant, while the high manufacturability was mostly retained, albeit with decreased soluble titer. Four point-mutations are responsible for this change in activity, two of which are located in or near the binding pocket of the active site. This variant was named CASPON enzyme and is a major component of the CASPase-based fusiON (CASPON) platform technology. Applicability for the production of recombinant proteins was demonstrated by enzymatic removal of the CASPON tag from five model proteins. The CASPON tag enables high soluble expressions, affinity purification and good accessibility for cleavage. The five industry-relevant proteins of interest were FGF2, TNF, GH, GCSF and PTH.

Students’ Perspectives on Extensive Listening Through YouTube

The paper reports a case study method exploring the perceptions of 10 students enrolling a listening class in terms of their experience when taking extensive listening, primarily by using YouTube. A closed-ended questionnaire was delivered and FGD through a semi-structured interview was utilized as a datacollecting method. The results of exploring the students’ perspectives indicated that: (1) they can do extensive listening via YouTube to improve their listening fluency anytime and anywhere; (2) they can learn the pronunciation of new vocabulary and grammar through extensive listening; (3) they can pertain the topic of aural text from context; (4) the speed change function and the subtitle function is occasionally used to solve their confusion on new phrases; (5) some commercials may be as information to support their English learning; (6) they find an unreliable or unstable internet connection in some cases. Therefore, it is suggested that teachers set the teaching and learning activities and environment that can encourage students to experience extensive listening. Besides, it is also suggested that the institution management provide good Internet accessibility in the teaching and learning environment.

MOBILITY AND PROXIMITY COEFFICIENT TO HIGHTRAFFIC VOLUME IN DAILY SCHOOL OPERATIONS

Heavy traffic volume especially in peak time led to bigger issue during daily school operating time. Drivers’ behaviours are often seen as the central cause to the increased number of road accidents around school, particularly during morning hours when accompanying adults are in a rush to office. Good accessibility and connectivity are the main consent in a school planning guideline. However, the proximity to major roads results in a higher level of traffic around the school. The research hypothesis is to investigate whether the proximity distance playing a significant role in determining mobility choice to school. The Geographical Information System software was used to analyse the safety measures such as distance, coverage area and routes to school, while the mobility analysis is done using the SPSS. 553 samples of questionnaires have been distributed at six identified schools in Johor Bahru. The result from analysis shows 79.39% of children use motorised vehicle thus, contributing to poor traffic flow during peak hour. While in comparing the coverage of each school to the guidelines, 99.45% of children’s houses are within the accepted radius distance. The findings of this study will highlight to some poor driving habits among parents, which are a major contributor to the heavy traffic flow surrounding schools.

Graphene-nanopocket-encaged PtCo nanocatalysts for highly durable fuel cell operation under demanding ultralow-Pt-loading conditions.

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as an attractive clean power source can promise a carbon-neutral future, but the widespread adoption of PEMFCs requires a substantial reduction in the usage of the costly platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts. Ultrafine nanocatalysts are essential to provide sufficient catalytic sites at a reduced PGM loading, but are fundamentally less stable and prone to substantial size growth in long-term operations. Here we report the design of a graphene-nanopocket-encaged platinum cobalt (PtCo@Gnp) nanocatalyst with good electrochemical accessibility and exceptional durability under a demanding ultralow PGM loading (0.070 mgPGM cm-2) due to the non-contacting enclosure of graphene nanopockets. The PtCo@Gnp delivers a state-of-the-art mass activity of 1.21 A mgPGM-1, a rated power of 13.2 W mgPGM-1 and a mass activity retention of 73% after an accelerated durability test. With the greatly improved rated power and durability, we project a 6.8 gPGM loading for a 90 kW PEMFC vehicle, which approaches that used in a typical catalytic converter.

Person-centred care in primary care: What works for whom, how and in what circumstances?

This rapid realist review aims to explain how and why person-centred care (PCC) in primary care works (or not) among others for people with low health literacy skills and for people with a diverse ethnic and socioeconomic background, and to construct a middle-range programme theory (PT). Peered reviewed- and non-peer-reviewed literature (Jan 2013-Feb 2021) reporting on PCC in primary care was included. Selection and appraisal of documents were based on relevance and rigour according to the Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards (RAMESES) criteria. Data on context, mechanisms and outcomes (CMO) were extracted. Based on the extracted data, CMO configurations were identified per source publication. Configurations containing all three constructs (CMO) were included in the PT. The middle-range PT demonstrates that healthcare professionals (HCPs) should be trained and equipped with the knowledge and skills to communicate effectively (i.e. in easy-to-understand words, emphatically, checking whether the patient understands everything, listening attentively) tailored to the wishes, needs and possibilities of the patient, which may lead to higher satisfaction. This way the patient will be more involved in the care process and in the shared decision-making process, which may result in improved concordance, and an improved treatment approach. A respectful and empathic attitude of the HCP plays an important role in establishing a strong therapeutic relationship and improved health (system) outcomes. Together with a good accessibility of care for patients, setting up a personalised care plan with all involved parties may positively affect the self-management skills of patients. Good collaboration within the team and between different domains is desirable to ensure good care coordination. The coherence of items related to PCC in primary care should be considered to better understand its effectiveness.

Assessment of Uncertainty in Grid-Based Rainfall-Runoff Model Based on Formal and Informal Likelihood Measures

Damage prevention from the local storms and typhoons in Korea, the development of a rainfall-runoff model reflecting local geological, meteorological and physical characteristics is necessary. The accuracy of the rainfall-runoff model is influenced by the various uncertainty factors that can occur in the modeling processes, including input data, model parameters, modeling simplification, and so on. Thus, the objectives of this study are (1) to estimate runoff for two rainfall events using Grid Rainfall-Runoff Model (GRM); (2) to quantify the uncertainty of the GRM model using the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) method, and (3) to assess the uncertainty ranges of the GRM based on different likelihood functions. For this, two rainfall events were implemented to the GRM in the Cheongmicheon watershed, and informal likelihood functions (LNSE, LPBIAS, LRSR, and LLOG) based on the fitness indices (NSE, PBIAS, RSR, and Log-normal) were used for uncertainty analysis and quantification using GLUE method. As a result, the GRM parameters varied according to the different rainfall patterns even in the same watershed. In addition, among the GRM parameters, the CRC (Channel Roughness Coefficient) and CSHC (Correction factor for Soil Hydraulic Conductivity) characteristics are the most sensitive. Moreover, this study showed that the uncertainty range of the GRM model can be changed with the subjective selection of likelihood functions and thresholds. The GRM model is open source and has good accessibility. Especially, this open-source model allows various approaches to disaster prevention plans such as flood forecasting and flood insurance policies. In addition, if the parameter range of GRM is quantified and standardized at domestic watersheds, it is expected that the reliability of the rainfall-runoff simulation can be increased by the reduction of the uncertainty factors.

Direct grafting synthesis of bi-functional Zr–Al-MWW zeolites and their catalytic characteristics in Lewis-Brønsted cascade reaction

A series of Zr–Al-MWW zeolites with different Zr state and layer-stacking structure are successfully synthesized via direct grafting zirconocene dichloride onto the external silanols of three kinds of MWW zeolites, i.e. MCM-22 with multilayered structure, ITQ-2 (through layer delaminated route) and OL-MWW (by direct hydrothermal synthesis) with oligolayered structure. The structure, porosity and state of grafted Zr species are distinctly different among the three Zr–Al-MWW zeolites. Zr-OL-MWW possesses the highest content of single Zr atoms with an ideal micro-meso-macro pore system, while Zr-MCM-22 and Zr-ITQ-2 contain two kinds of Zr species (ZrO2 clusters and single Zr atoms) coexisting in various proportions. The high dispersion of single Zr atoms on OL-MWW can be assigned to the large amount of external silanols of OL-MWW. The as-prepared three bi-functional Zr–Al-MWW zeolites are used for the cascade Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reduction and etherification (ETH) reaction. Among them, Zr-OL-MWW shows dramatically higher conversion of cinnamaldehyde and yield of 1-cinnamyl 2-propyl ether than Zr-MCM-22 and Zr-ITQ-2, owing to the higher catalytic activity of Lewis acid centers from single Zr atoms, as well as more integrated framework Al sites as Brønsted acid centers with good accessibility. This study offers a simple and efficient strategy to construct Lewis-Brønsted acidic zeolites with exposed heteroatom sites and integrated framework structure, which will provide especial potential in the catalytic conversion of macromolecules.