Golf Practice Research Articles

A Study on the Marketing Strategy Based on the Selection Attributes of Golf Practice Customers Using the Pursuit Benefits

A Study on the Marketing Strategy Based on the Selection Attributes of Golf Practice Customers Using the Pursuit Benefits

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain in Amateur Golfers in the State of São Paulo: A Cross-sectional Study.

Objective To verify the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in amateur golfers in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods The present is a cross-sectional study performed from September 2019 to March 2020 in golf clubs affiliated to Federação Paulista de Golfe (São Paulo Golf Federation). Federation players were evaluated regarding data on golf practice and sport routine by a main investigator, though an assessment form with multiple-choice questions, to determine sample characteristics and recent pain intensity by the Visual Analogue Scale. Results Approximately 359 amateur golfers were analyzed. The prevalence of pain was of 55.15% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 50.0% to 60.3%); the average pain intensity according to the VAS was moderate (mean ± standard deviation: 5.21 ± 2.04; odds ration [OR]: 47,98%). The golfer's age range was significantly associated with the presence of pain ( p < 0.05). The highest prevalence estimate of pain was of 68.80% in the age group between 30 and 39 years (OR: 7,33; 95%CI: 2,26 to 23,85; p = 0,0009). The segments most affected by pain were the upper limbs (65.66%), followed by the spine (59.09%) and the lower limbs (32.83%). Conclusion There is a high prevalence rate of pain in Brazilian amateur golfers, especially in younger players in the age group between 30 and 39 years.

Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Golf Athletes: A Championship in Portugal.

Although golf is a low-impact sport without physical contact, its movements are carried out over a large range of motion, and their repetition can predispose athletes to the development of injuries. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries in golf athletes who participated in championships in southern Portugal, determining the types, locations and mechanisms of injury and their associated risk factors. The sample consisted of 140 athletes aged between 18 and 72 years, 133 (95%) being male. The measuring instrument was a questionnaire about sociodemographics, modality and injuries' characteristics. Throughout golf practice, 70 (50%) athletes reported injuries, totaling 133 injuries. In the 12-month period, 43 (30.7%) athletes suffered injuries, totaling 65 injuries. The injury proportion was of 0.31, and the injury rate was of 0.33 injuries per 1000 h of golf training. The most common injury type was muscle sprain or rupture (19; 30.9%), located in the lumbar spine (17; 27%), in which the repetitive movements were the main injury mechanism (42; 66.7%). The athletes who trained 4 times or more per week were 3.5 more likely (CI: 0.97-12.36; p = 0.056) to develop an injury while playing golf. Moderate injury presence was observed, with the high training frequency being an associated risk factor.

Practices and perceptions of strength and conditioning in female golf: A survey study of touring professionals

The aim of the study was to provide an understanding of current practices and perceptions of strength and conditioning (S&amp;C) training in female touring professionals. A cross-sectional, explorative survey was undertaken and contained 30 questions separated into four sections: (i) general participant information, (ii) S&amp;C practices, (iii) Likert scale questions on S&amp;C for golf performance, and (iv) knowledge and awareness of S&amp;C. A total of 102 players completed the survey with a combination of multiple-choice questions (MCQs), open-ended questions, and Likert scale style questions utilised throughout. Results showed that ≥94% of players believed that strength and power in both the lower and upper body, in addition to flexibility, were the most important physical characteristics to complement golf shot metrics (e.g. clubhead speed [CHS], ball speed, carry distance, etc.). However, 26% of players conducted S&amp;C training only in the off-season, with 21% suggesting that they had a fear of injury from S&amp;C training. When considering the barriers to undertaking S&amp;C training, the most common reasons included time constraints (20%) and players wanting to prioritise golf practice (15%). Finally, 58% of players believed that training in the weight room should replicate the golf swing. Although it is positive to see that the main physical characteristics for golf are well-understood by professional players, it is also evident that further education and knowledge translation is required relating to the application of S&amp;C training for performance enhancement and injury risk mitigation purposes.

Twelve Weeks of Progressive Resistance Training Positively Improves Physical Fitness and Golf Swing Performance in Talented Youth Golfers.

Shaw, J, Gould, ZI, Oliver, JL, and Lloyd, RS. Twelve weeks of progressive resistance training positively improves physical fitness and golf swing performance in talented youth golfers. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1103-1110, 2024-This aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 12-week resistance training program in talented junior golfers. Eighteen talented youth golfers were pair matched by maturity status and handicap, and subsequently allocated to an experimental (EXP) or control group. During the 12-week intervention, both groups continued with their normal golf practice while the EXP group also completed a progressive twice-weekly resistance training program. At baseline, subjects performed multiple trials of an isometric midthigh pull (IMTP), countermovement jump (CMJ), standing long jump, golf movement screen (GMS), and isometric plank hold. Club head speed (CHS) and carry distance for a 6-iron and driver were also measured using a commercial launch monitor. When controlled for maturity offset, there were significant ( p < 0.05) interaction effects in favor of the EXP group for absolute ( g = 1.29) and relative ( g = 2.06) peak force for the IMTP, CMJ absolute ( g = 0.73) and relative ( g = 0.66) peak power, jump height ( g = 1.05), modified reactive strength index ( g = 1.30), lateral ( g = 0.48-0.88) and horizontal jump distance ( g = 1.20), and GMS total score ( g = 1.07). Significant interaction effects were also reported in 6-iron and driver CHS and carry distance in favor of the EXP group ( p < 0.05; g = 0.41-1.64). These findings indicate that twice-weekly resistance training in combination with regular golf practice can stimulate increases in measures of strength, power, and movement competency in youth golfers, which should contribute to enhanced golf swing performance.

A longitudinal study of the effect of visuomotor learning on functional brain connectivity.

Neural adaptation in the frontoparietal and motor cortex-sensorimotor circuits is crucial for acquiring visuomotor skills. However, the specific nature of highly dynamic neural connectivity in these circuits during the acquisition of visuomotor skills remains unclear. To achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between acquisition of visuomotor skills and neural connectivity, we used electroencephalographic coherence to capture highly dynamic nature of neural connectivity. We recruited 60 male novices who were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (EG) or the control group (CG). Participants in EG were asked to engage in repeated putting practice, but CG did not engage in golf practice. In addition, we analyzed the connectivity by using 8-13 Hz imaginary inter-site phase coherence in the frontoparietal networks (Fz-P3 and Fz-P4) and the motor cortex-sensorimotor networks (Cz-C3 and Cz-C4) during a golf putting task. To gain a deeper understanding of the dynamic nature of learning trajectories, we compared data at three time points: baseline (T1), 50% improvement from baseline (T2), and 100% improvement from baseline (T3). The results primarily focused on EG, an inverted U-shaped coherence curve was observed in the connectivity of the left motor cortex-sensorimotor circuit, whereas an increase in the connectivity of the right frontoparietal circuit from T2 to T3 was revealed. These results imply that the dynamics of cortico-cortical communication, particularly involving the left motor cortex-sensorimotor and frontal-left parietal circuits. In addition, our findings partially support Hikosaka etal.'s model and provide additional insight into the specific role of these circuits in visuomotor learning.

Integrating strength and conditioning training and golf practice during the golf season: Approaches and perceptions of highly skilled golfers

Contemporary evidence has demonstrated strength and conditioning (S&amp;C) training benefits golf performance, primarily by improving clubhead speed. However, no empirical data exist that describe how, or even if, golfers integrate their S&amp;C training and golf practice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions and practices of skilled golfers with regards to planning the season and how S&amp;C is structured in the golf year. Sixty-five (male n = 48; female n = 17) Category 1 amateur (n = 50) and professional (n = 15) golfers completed a mixed-methods online survey. Survey answers were either golf practice or S&amp;C training focused. Results showed the majority of golfers engage with S&amp;C training (n = 44; 67.7%) and follow a programme (n = 53. 81.5%). Contrastingly, they reported having little structure for golf practice, choosing to have no annual plan (n = 14; 21.9%), have a reactive approach (n = 22. 34.9%) based on recent performances or training what feels appropriate/enjoyable (n = 15; 23.8%). Golfers reported they adjust their training around competition (n = 47; 74.6%) but with various approaches. The dichotomous and contradictory responses received across multiple answers demonstrate that continued education and research are required to help golfers integrate S&amp;C training with their golf practice.

골프 유튜브 시청자의 준사회적 상호작용과 만족, 지속시청의도와의 관계

This study aims to investigate the ripple effect of sports YouTube content in a situation where the influence of one-person media content increases by investigating the relationship between quasi-social interaction, satisfaction, and continuous viewing intention of golf YouTube viewers. In January 2022, researchers and four assistant researchers visited 15 golf practice ranges in Seoul and used 301 copies for the final analysis using the experience of watching golf YouTube, and 301 copies were used for the final analysis. First, it was found that the quasi-social interaction of golf YouTube viewers had a positive effect on satisfaction. Second, it was found that the quasi-social interaction of golf YouTube viewers had a positive effect on the intention to continue viewing. Third, it was found that satisfaction with watching golf YouTube had a positive effect on continuous viewing intention. Golf YouTube has a high level of quasi-social interaction for those who are interested in golf and has a ripple effect. Accordingly, it is thought that golf-related YouTubers should manage the contents of YouTube content for positive social effects.

An investigation into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic upon golfers’ strength and conditioning and golf practice

As the spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 increased, governments across the world introduced various restrictions to reduce infections. Stay-at-home orders and lockdowns of golf courses (for 5.08 ± 2.79 months) and strength and conditioning facilities (for 6.78 ± 3.80 months) meant that golfers had to quickly adapt their practice and training. This mixed-methods study surveyed amateur and professional golfers (n = 107), to examine the applied impact of the pandemic on their strength and conditioning, golf practice, tournament engagement, levels of stress and motivation and the impact upon diet and sleep. Results indicate reduced practice frequency and duration across various aspects of golf, as well as reduced tournament engagement. The most commonly cited limiting factors for tournament engagement were a lack of practice time (28.8%) and travel restrictions (52.5%). In general, golfers were motivated to train, with session frequency remaining consistent with pre-pandemic levels. However, golfers suffered from significantly higher levels of stress ( p &lt; .001), disturbed sleep ( p = .015) and perceptions of less physical gains compared to previous years. While online support has been accessed by 53.8% of golfers, the cited lack of facilities/equipment by 71.9% raises concerns over detraining and injury risks on return to sport. Coaches are urged to monitor athlete self-report measures to manage and optimise interventions, especially in similar situations where maintaining progressive overload is challenging. Strength and conditioning and golf coaches can use this study to review their applied practices, consider benefits/limitations to online coaching and to modify future interventions.

골프웨어 브랜드자산과 구매만족 간에 체면의식의 조절효과

This study attempted to examine the modulating effect of face consciousness between golf wear brand assets and purchase satisfaction. A total of 300 people, 150 users of three golf courses in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do and 150 users of golf practice courses in the metropolitan area, were surveyed. Among the collected questionnaires, 283 copies were used as the final valid sample after excluding 17 copies that showed unfaithful answers. The survey questionnaires were used to collect the data. The collected material was carried out by using Spss 24.0 and Amos 24.0 version. The questionnaires for the brand assets scale had been developed by Keller(1993), Kwon(2012), Kim(2010), Ro & Han(2011), and purchase satisfaction had been developed by Lee(2000), Lee, Lee, Park, Park(2007), Choi(2017). and face consciousness had been developed by Kim(2001), Lee(1990), Choi(1999), Jin & Kang(2010). From the analyses of the data, the study reached the following conclusions : First, the research theory I was adopted. Specifically, brand awareness negatively affected purchase satisfaction, and brand image and perceived quality were found to have a positive effect on purchase satisfaction, and brand image was found to have the most influence on purchase satisfaction. Therefore, research hypothesis I-1, research hypothesis I-2, and research hypothesis I-3 were adopted. Second, the research theory I was partially adopted. In the relationship between golf wear brand assets, which is the research hypothesis II, on purchase satisfaction, there was a moderating effect of face consciousness. In other words, research hypothesis II-1 and research hypothesis II-3 were rejected.

골프의류 추구 혜택과 추구 이미지 및 구매 의도 간의 구조모형 연구

The purpose of this study was to investigate the predicted model of between Pursuit Benefits and Pursuit Image and Intention of Purchase of Golf Clothing. This survey was conducted on a total of 317 people by selecting two golf courses in the Seoul metropolitan area and users who enjoy golf at golf practice. The survey questionnaires were used to collect the data. The collected material was carried out by using Spss 24.0 and Amos 24.0 version. The questionnaires for the pursuit benefits scale had been developed by Kim(2013), Oh(2010), Lee(2009) and pursuit image had been developed by Han(2013), Hwang(2004), and purchase intention had been developed by Park(2012), Ryu(2014), Lee(2017), Lee et al.(2012). From the analyses of the data, the study reached the following conclusions : First, In the relationship between the pursuit benefits and the pursuit image and purchase intention of Research I, research theory 1-2. Functional pursuit influenced the pursuit image, 1-3. Activity influenced the pursuit image, 1-5. Fashion image influenced the pursuit image, and 1-7. Trend influenced the pursuit image. Then studies hypotheses 1-1, 1-4, 1-6 were rejected. Second, This research theory II has been adopted. In the relationship between the pursuit image and the purchase intention of research theory II, the pursuit image was found to affect the purchase intention.

골프연습장의 CRM요인과 고객만족, 고객신뢰 및 CRM성과의 구조적 관계

This study has a main purpose that closely examines the structural relationship among crm factors, customer satisfaction, customer trust and crm outcomes in golf practice ranger. In order to achieve it, the sample from customer of golf practice ranger were accumulated by using convenience sampling that chose golf practice ranger in Seoul. The samples were 390 people. and we excluded unsuitable sheet like that were decided as untruthful one and an omission and unclear. So the final samples were 338 people. On the basis of that, The statistical techniques, spss 24.0 and amos 24.0 program have been used for the analysis as per research purpose. The statistical analysis used in the research for a data analysis includes frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and structure equation model analysis. The research has drawn the following conclusions, based on the above mentioned research method and its procedures: First, The crm factors influences the customer satisfaction. Second, The crm factors influences the customer trust. Third, The customer satisfaction influences the crm outcomes. Fourth, The customer trust influences the crm outcomes.

Hamatolunate impingement syndrome in golfers: results of arthroscopic burring of the apex of the hamate

Hamatolunate impingement syndrome is an uncommon cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain in the general population. Often misdiagnosed and untreated by non-specialized physicians, it is an important source of chronic ulnar wrist pain in golfers. The purpose of this retrospective study was to report results of arthroscopic burring of the apex of the hamate for hamatolunate impingement, whether isolated or not, in golf players, with a minimum of six months follow-up. Fifteen golf players (10 amateur, 2 semi-professional and 3 professional players), aged 40–61 years, with ulnar carpal pain implicating hamatolunate impingement with Viegas type-II carpal configuration, were included. Treatment consisted in arthroscopic burring of the apex of the hamate. At an average follow-up of 11 months (range, 6–24 months), all patients were satisfied with functional results, except 1 with persistent pain and stiffness; 93% returned to sport to their prior level. Mean range of motion was improved by 17 ° for wrist flexion (range, 15 ° to 30 °) and 15 ° for wrist extension (range, 10 ° to 25 °). All patients except 1 recovered grip strength, improving from 27 kg (range, 12–53) preoperatively to 35 kg (range, 17–61) at last-follow-up, and ulnar-sided pain was alleviated during golf practice. Return to prior sport level was possible by 5.5 months for professional players and by 9 months for amateurs. Arthroscopic burring of the apex of the hamate provided good clinical results for function and pain, with fairly rapid return to sport. Hamatolunate chondritis does not always mean pathology but represents the natural progression of Viegas type II wrists.

Can early golfing lead to acetabular and lower limb changes? A cross-sectional study

Golf is a sport which is sometimes started early, in particular for players who become professionals. The combination of an early practice (before growth peak) with high training loads could further increase the occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries. The aim of this study was to comparing the morphological and positional parameters of the acetabular and lower limbs of golfers with early or late involvement in the golf practice. Two populations: golfers with early involvement in golf practice (before adolescent growth peak, 12 y.o.), golfers with late involvement (after adolescent growth peak). Subjects underwent a low-dose biplanar radiograph in standard standing position allowing the 3D reconstruction of bones. Morphological parameters were automatically computed from it. Thirty-five male golf players were included: 13 in early group (mean age 27 y.o.), 22 in late group (mean age 56 y.o.). The index of cumulative torsions (sum of the tibial and femoral torsions) was different between sides in early: 7° on the lead-side; 20° on the trail-side ( p &lt; 0.01). This index was different between the lead-side of the early group compared to late (22°; p &lt; 0.001). It could be explained by the mechanical stresses applied on lead knee and ankle during the follow-through. Intensive golf involvement by young players could lead to bone morphology modifications.

Can you maintain a competitive golf swing after total shoulder arthroplasty?

Return to sports after joint arthroplasty is mainly evaluated for lower limbs procedures. When a return to a specific sport is mentioned, no technical approach nor level consideration are specified. We suggested that patients who undergo total shoulder arthroplasty will be able to maintain playing golf at same high level. We performed a retrospective study on active golf players who have undergone shoulder arthroplasty. Inclusion criteria were: (1) over 50years old (2) handicap < 54 (3) playing golf before the procedure (4) minimum follow-up of 1year. Patients were divided into two groups: ASA group and RSA Group. A clinical assessment was performed using the following scores: Constant, ASES and QuickDash. Sixty-one patients were retrospectively included in the cohort. Mean age was 69.1years old. Mean follow-up was 79months. Preoperative golf frequency and handicap were similar between the two groups. Surgery resulted in significant pain relief in both groups. No difference was shown between the two groups in clinical assessment. Satisfaction rate was 95%. Return to golf time was done progressively from the twentieth week for putting until the twenty-seventh week for playing on the course. Handicap analysis did not show any difference between the level before surgery and the current level in ASA group (23.7 vs. 22.9,p = 0.33) and RSA group (24.2 vs. 23.3,p = 0.63). Our study suggested that both patients with ASA or RSA can maintain an active lifestyle with moderate to high frequencies of participation after surgery, particularly in golf. Surgeons can reassure their patients about their recovery and show confidence with regard to their ability to return to a similar golf practice also after RSA. Prospective study with larger cohort is required to confirm the results. Level IV, cases study.

골프연습 참여자의 서비스스케이프가 재미요인에 미치는 영향

본 연구의 목적은 골프연습 참여자의 서비스스케이프가 재미요인에 미치는 영향을 검증하는 것이다. 연구의 대상 은 인도어 골프장의 252명의 이용고객을 대상으로 하였다. 도출된 연구결과를 통한 주요 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일반 적 특성의 성별, 연령, 학력, 경력, 필드라운드 수, 월급, 레슨교육현황, 필드레슨교육에서 서비스스케이프는 재미요인에 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 서비스스케이프와 재미요인에서 서비스스케이프(공간배치, 코스관리상태, 입지조건, 주 변환경조건, 사회적인식)와 재미요인(흥미, 건강, 사교, 인정)에 높은 차이를 나타냈다. 셋째, 서비스스케이프이 재미요 인에 미치는 영향분석 결과 서비스스케이프의 하위요인 입지조건, 주변환경조건, 공간배치는 재미요인 하위요인 흥미, 건강, 사교, 인정에 높은 영향이 부분적으로 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

골프연습장 고객의 서비스공정성 지각이 충성도 및 재등록의도에 미치는 영향

골프연습장 고객의 서비스공정성 지각이 충성도 및 재등록의도에 미치는 영향

스크린골프연습장의 관계효익과 소비자 가치, 소비자 행동의 관계

[목적] 이 연구는 스크린골프연습장의 관계효익과 소비자 가치, 소비자 행동의 관계를 검증하는 데 목적이 있다. [방 법] 결과 도출을 위해 편의표본추출법을 이용하여 스크린골프연습장 소비자 281명이 최종분석에 사용되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0과 AMOS 21.0을 이용하여 빈도분석, 요인분석, 상관관계 분석, 회귀분석 구조방정식모델분석을 시 행하였다. [결과] 도출된 결과를 살펴보면 첫째, 스크린골프연습장의 관계효익은 소비자 가치에 긍정적인 영향을 미 친다. 둘째, 스크린골프연습장의 사회적효익, 심리적효익, 특별대우효익은 소비자 행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며 경 제적효익은 재구매의도에 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 셋째, 스크린골프연습장의 소비자 가치는 소비자 행동에 긍정적 인 영향을 미친다. 넷째, 스크린골프연습장의 소비자 가치는 관계효익과 소비자 행동의 관계에서 부분매개효과가 있 다. [결론] 요약하면 스크린골프연습장의 관계효익을 높여주면 소비자 가치와 행동은 증가되고 소비자 가치를 매개 로 소비자행동은 더욱 높아진다는 것을 시사한다.

골프연습장 지도자의 커뮤니케이션 스타일, 라포 및 재등록의도간의 관계 : 성별의 다집단분석

골프연습장 지도자의 커뮤니케이션 스타일, 라포 및 재등록의도간의 관계 : 성별의 다집단분석

Physical Determinants of Golf Swing Performance: A Review.

Sheehan, WB, Bower, RG, and Watsford, ML. Physical determinants of golf swing performance: A review. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 289-297, 2022-Traditionally, golf practice has primarily focused on the mental, technical, and skill aspects as the primary means to improve performance. Only recently has a greater emphasis been placed on the physical components with balance, muscular strength, power, and specific muscle-tendon properties demonstrating positive associations with club head speed and carry distance. Accordingly, this review will explore the influence of these physical components on measures of golf swing performance. Superior balance may allow players to effectively deal with the need to shift weight during the swing as well as different stance positions, whereas superior lower-body muscular strength, power, and stiffness may allow more mechanical work to be performed on the club during the swing per unit of time, consequently increasing club head speed. Alternatively, flexibility may also contribute to enhanced force production with a greater range of motion, particularly when generating the "X-factor," allowing for a longer backswing and more time to produce higher angular velocities and forces. Furthermore, training intervention studies focusing on the aforementioned components have demonstrated enhancements in swing performance. Targeting multiple muscle groups, including those implicated via electromyography activation, and utilizing multiple modalities have proven effective at increasing club head speed. However, such multifaceted programs have made it difficult to determine the mechanisms that specifically contribute to performance gains. Despite these limitations, strength, power, and musculotendinous stiffness, particularly in the lower body, seem to be stronger determinants of club head speed and carry distance than flexibility. Furthermore, acute improvements can be induced using resistance-orientated warm-ups.