Golden Syrup Research Articles

Assessment of adulteration in honey by artificial sweeteners using dynamic laser speckle technique

Our research work uses the dynamic laser speckle technique for the first time to analyze the adulteration of “Dabur Honey” with two golden syrups Dhampur Green Golden Syrup (DGGS) and Solar Golden Syrup (SGS) as adulterate. Identifying 25% adulteration in honey by sweeteners is challenging due to several reasons, such as the complexity of honey composition and the similarity of some sweeteners to honey. A spatially filtered He-Ne laser beam is made to pass through adulterated samples. Forwarding scattered light is captured using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and Digital Image Processing is used to analyze the images. Seven textures and six features of images are evaluated. For 20% adulteration in honey by both the adulterates, a significant percentage change of 17%, 16%, 16%, 13%, and 11% is observed in Angular Second Moment, Covariance, Autocorrelation, Inertia, and Kurtosis respectively. Additionally, for a 20% adulteration in honey by DGGS and SGS separately, a notable percentage change of 3.8% and 6.6% respectively in the value of Inertia Moment (IM) is obtained. Thus, it is concluded that the above image processing algorithms can be used to detect 20% adulteration in pure honey.

Invert Syrup, Feminist Snap: Anzac Biscuits and Feminist Resistance to Imperial Logics

Baked for Anzac Day in April but eaten all year, Anzac biscuits memorialize the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) participation in the Gallipoli Campaign during World War I. The chemical and culinary capacities of one of the biscuit’s key ingredients, golden syrup, offer strategies for figuring snaps, breaks, and refusals. Golden syrup catalyzes a feminist digestion of a food often perceived as culturally conservative or nationalistic. Sara Ahmed describes “feminist snap” as a moment of fury that confronts and changes history. Snap can additionally refer to crispy batter-based desserts that often call for golden syrup. Classified as an “invert syrup,” golden syrup was formulated from sugar refining waste products that were fed to pigs before being adapted for human consumption. “Invert” refers to the assessment of syrups using a beam of light, which inverts its angle of rotation as fructose and glucose separate. Reading the chemistry of inverting sugar alongside the feminist-led “anti-Anzac” day movement of the 1980s, this paper proposes that edible everyday militarisms might be snapped, inverted, spun, and reshaped. Anzac biscuits bring domestic everyday militarisms into Australian and Aotearoa New Zealand kitchens.

The evolution of a viscous gravity current in a confined geometry

We describe a theoretical and experimental study of an axisymmetric viscous gravity current with a constant flux, confined to the space between two horizontal parallel plates. The effect of confinement results in two regions of flow: an inner region where the fluid is in contact with both plates and an outer annular region where the fluid forms a gravity current along the lower plate. We present a simple theoretical model that describes the flow dynamics by a single dimensionless parameter $J$ , which is the ratio of the characteristic height of an unconfined gravity current to the height of the confined space. Theoretical height profiles display the same characteristics as unconfined gravity currents until $J \approx 0.48$ , where a rapid change in behaviour occurs as confinement comes into effect. For larger values of $J$ , the confined viscous gravity current gradually tends to Hele-Shaw flow, with the transition essentially complete by $J \approx 2$ . We compare the findings from our theoretical model with the results of a series of experiments using golden syrup with various fluxes and gap spacings. Although the data aligns with the major aspects of the model, it is clear that other physics is at play and a single non-dimensional parameter is not sufficient to capture the flow behaviour fully. We speculate on the factors absent in our model that may be responsible for this mismatch.

Effectiveness of honey therapy combined with photobiomodulation in the treatment of oral lichen planus: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

IntroductionOral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that commonly occurs in the skin and mucosa of the oral cavity. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of honey therapy (HT) combined with photobiomodulation (PBM) in the treatment of OLP.MethodsThe study involved 46 patients aged 40–55 (48.15 ± 6.28) years with erosive or atrophic OLP in the buccal mucosa. They were randomly allocated to 2 groups: study group (HT/PBM) (<i>n</i> = 23) and placebo group (golden syrup/PBM) (<i>n</i> = 23). Both groups received PBM (980-nm gallium-aluminium arsenide) with a power output of 0.3 W, 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks. At the same time, each patient in the study group was instructed to apply pure commercial honey, while patients in the placebo group were instructed to apply golden syrup, during the whole treatment period. All patients were assessed at baseline and after the treatment via visual analogue scale (VAS), oral function scores, and evaluation of OLP clinical manifestation.ResultsPatients in both groups were homogeneous in terms of age and gender, as well as the 3 clinical assessment values (<i>p</i> > 0.05) before the treatment. In the study group, post-treatment results regarding VAS (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), oral function scores (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), and OLP clinical manifestation (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were statistically significantly better than those in the placebo group.ConclusionsHT combined with PBM reduced pain and improved OLP clinical manifestation and oral function scores in patients with OLP.

Sugar Profiling of Honeys for Authentication and Detection of Adulterants Using High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography.

Honey adulteration, where a range of sugar syrups is used to increase bulk volume, is a common problem that has significant negative impacts on the honey industry, both economically and from a consumer confidence perspective. This paper investigates High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) for the authentication and detection of sugar adulterants in honey. The sugar composition of various Australian honeys (Manuka, Jarrah, Marri, Karri, Peppermint and White Gum) was first determined to illustrate the variance depending on the floral origin. Two of the honeys (Manuka and Jarrah) were then artificially adulterated with six different sugar syrups (rice, corn, golden, treacle, glucose and maple syrup). The findings demonstrate that HPTLC sugar profiles, in combination with organic extract profiles, can easily detect the sugar adulterants. As major sugars found in honey, the quantification of fructose and glucose, and their concentration ratio can be used to authenticate the honeys. Quantifications of sucrose and maltose can be used to identify the type of syrup adulterant, in particular when used in combination with HPTLC fingerprinting of the organic honey extracts.

I've Got an Asinine Affinity (Infinity?), a Clumsy Love Song, and: And We Arose, and Were Renewed, and: For What It's Worth, and: I Still Make Believe an Imperfect Sonnet Can Save the World or, How Many Bad Sonnets Does It Take to Fix the Future, and: Party Talk, with Sylvia

I've Got an Asinine Affinity (Infinity?), a Clumsy Love Song, and: And We Arose, and Were Renewed, and: For What It's Worth, and: I Still Make Believe an Imperfect Sonnet Can Save the World or, How Many Bad Sonnets Does It Take to Fix the Future, and: Party Talk, with Sylvia Ronda Piszk Broatch (bio) I've Got an Asinine Affinity (Infinity?), a Clumsy Love Song The bees of the heart weave stillness into a conversation.String theory is smaller than the bees in the honey tin,larger than the bats hanging from the do not disturb sign. If I wasn't so tired, I'd rearrange my family's livesabove the upright piano, would spring a new theory in a blue-me world, where wandering beyond the yard sets my laughing gear in motion. If only my iPhone had a zapper appI'd deploy it at the movies, but for now I just use my keys.Tell me about your everyday love, and I'll tell you how the worm bin is haunted, and the fact that I hid the rulesin back of the cider house, in a can of Lyle's Golden Syrup. Stickysunrise, and UPS brings a broken administration all the way from America, the box intact. I miss my life, I really do.The bees of my heart sing the Mad Girl's Love Songso often my quarantine has an earworm, and the rat in my compost pile steals the worms. If I wasn't so tiredI'd be detachable, capable of reliability, but that's debatable.In an old insane world, the able are constantly bewitched, which is good, in my book. Close your eyes, pots and pans, runningwater. Can't you hear the phone ringing? The Mad Girl'sin the Bee Box, and I've got a sloe-gin theory about that. [End Page 87] And We Arose, and Were Renewed What should I believe in next, now we've deducedours is a passive God, who spit the seed and watched it explode like morning glory? I know we can't feel it,but we are coming apart, the universe of our bodies expanding like prizewinning pumpkinswe carve for months of soup, leaving the crows to fight for what's left. I believe in soup, and onions,poems, orcas, life on other planets. Let's put faith in emerging unscathed from a black hole, the ghostsof our mothers having gentled from their journey, their eyes cut out for science. I believe in eyes, too,wondering if a pair can be passed from mother to daughter ad infinitum, something like scalesfalling away, the dying stars closer than ever. [End Page 88] For What It's Worth I'm wild about fingers and forks and the mouths of moths, those bendy straw antennae that twitchand rotate like my cat's tail when she wants down. I want to buy up all the onions in all the fields where all the workers are home on COVID quarantine,and I'm sad for the pigs being slaughtered, and the farmers whose hearts and minds never knew so much death all at once. My favorite saint is Theodoraas is my grandmother Theodora whose name means gift of God. Keith Richards named his daughter Theodora, and maybe love walks through a pandemic in PPE, picks upall the babies, and wraps the elderly in all the care homes in caution tape. I take Mary Oliver with me to my yoga class, show her my seniors, who sometimes fallasleep when I read to them. For what it's worth, I like to bestow a blessing on all speckled trout, orcas, and the nurses who mask up [End Page 89] for us. In the last twenty-four hoursI received a stimulus check, a book, an offer for life insurance. I stalk comets with my longest lens, blotting out deniers, naysayers, and haters. I finally understand that hungeris a state of becoming, that fire starts the seed that might otherwise lie dormant, that without fingers nothing would burn as bright. [End Page 90] I...

An Inside Perspective on Magma Intrusion: Quantifying 3D Displacement and Strain in Laboratory Experiments by Dynamic X-Ray Computed Tomography

Magma intrusions grow to their final geometries by deforming the Earth’s crust internally and by displacing the Earth’s surface. Interpreting the related displacements in terms of intrusion geometry is key to forecasting a volcanic eruption. While scaled laboratory models enable us to study the relationships between surface displacement and intrusion geometry, past approaches entailed limitations regarding imaging of the laboratory model interior or simplicity of the simulated crustal rheology. Here we apply cutting-edge medical wide beam X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) to quantify in 4D the deformation induced in laboratory models by an intrusion of a magma analogue (golden syrup) into a rheologically-complex granular host rock analogue (sand and plaster). We extract the surface deformation and we quantify the strain field of the entire experimental volume in 3D over time by using Digital Volume Correlation (DVC). By varying the strength and height of the host material, and intrusion velocity, we observe how intrusions of contrasting geometries– cryptodomes, cup shapes, cone sheets and dikes – grow, and induce contrasting strain field characteristics and surface deformation in 4D. We observe dominantly mixed-mode (opening and shear) fracture localisation in low-cohesion material overburden versus opening-mode fracture localisation in high-cohesion material overburden. The results demonstrate how the combination of CT and DVC can greatly enhance the utility of optically non-transparent crustal rock analogues in obtaining insights into shallow crustal deformation processes. This unprecedented perspective on the spatio-temporal interaction of intrusion growth coupled with host rock deformation provides a conceptual framework that can be tested by geological field observations at eroded volcanic systems and by the ever increasing spatial and temporal resolution of geodetic data at active volcanoes.

Pendant drops shed from a liquid lens formed by liquid draining down the inner wall of a wide vertical tube

When a viscous liquid empties from an initially full, wide vertical tube, the drainage behaviour changes from a filament to a regime in which individual drops are shed by a lens formed at the end of the tube: liquid drains down the wall and the lens grows until it becomes unstable. This drop shedding regime was investigated for four Newtonian liquids (rapeseed oil, glycerol, honey and golden syrup) in three tube sizes and two tube materials (Bond number based on tube i.d. >1 in all cases). The drop mass increased modestly with flow rate and the equivalent sphere diameter, d, was strongly related to the capillary length Lc ≡ (γ/ρg)1/2 rather than the tube diameter. The results were fitted to a correlation of the form d/Lc = f(Bond, Reynolds, Morton, sine of the contact angle) derived from dimensional analysis. The data were compared with existing models for drop formation from filled narrow capillaries and a new, simple model based on a quasi-static model of the lens. Agreement with these models was poor, particularly for larger tubes, indicating the need for more detailed analysis. Insights into the dynamics, generated by video analysis of the lens shape, are presented.

Metabolic syndrome susceptibility of suckling male and female rats given oral administration of natural honey compared with cane syrup

The acute effects of natural honey (NH) and cane syrup (golden syrup, GS) on metabolism in 89 (10-day old) suckling Sprague Dawley rats were investigated. Low dose group fed 10 mls/kg of either NH or GS; high dose group gavaged with 20 mls/kg of either solution; while the fifth group, control received 10 mls/kg distilled water. All treatments were administered via stomach tube twice daily for 10 consecutive days. The pups were euthanized on day 21 for the measurements of metabolic substrates and long bones. All the dietary treatments induced significant (p

Creeping flow dynamics over superhydrophobic ball: Slip effects and drag reduction

Slip and drag over superhydrophobic ball in the creeping flow regime (Reynolds number <0.1) are investigated due to its relevance in physiological systems. Experiments involve comparing the settling velocities of superhydrophobic (SH) balls (3mm–11.96mm) fabricated using etching method with that of smooth balls, in highly viscous Newtonian mediums: golden syrup and honey. Due to the high Capillary number (Ca>1) of the system, air is trapped in the surface asperities without formation of film (plastron). The flow over SH ball is modeled using the stream function formulation, that incorporates wall-slip and relates it to the enhanced settling velocities and drag reduction. Slip length decreases (178–24μm) with the increase in Reynolds number, establishing the dependence of slippage on flow apart from surface morphology. The drag reduction is comparatively low 8% due to the absence of plastron. A component based analysis reveal that form drag contributes towards one-third of the total drag while skin drag and normal stress drag contribute towards the remaining two-third. The skin drag takes over the normal stress drag with the increase in Reynolds number, eventually replacing it. The experimental method and modeling constitute a generic technique for evaluating the potential of SH surface to reduce drag.

Common Dynamical Features for Thermal Convection in Golden Syrup and Gelatin Solution

Recent work has shown that the primary mode for heat transport in a gelatin solution oscillates between convection and conduction. This dynamical change is induced by stagnant domain formation where there is no flow. Here, we show that this phenomenon does not occur only in gelatin solution, but also in Golden Syrup, which is a simple fluid. We investigate thermal convection in Golden Syrup and find similar behaviors, such as stagnant domain formation. This suggests that the origin of previously reported unusual thermal convection accompanied by stagnant domain formation should not be a viscoelastic feature of gelatin solution.

Identifying honey’s floral origins

Honey is big business, and often a dodgy one: It’s one of the foods most often affected by fraud. Honeys derived from a single type of flower command a higher price than polyfloral ones, creating an incentive for unscrupulous producers to dilute the golden syrup with cheap knockoffs. New research shows that NMR spectroscopy can distinguish chemical signatures of different flowers in honey, which could help snag honey cheaters (J. Agric. Food Chem. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00619). Honey’s floral origins are typically determined by studying pollen grains in honey samples under a microscope—a labor-intensive process. Elisabetta Schievano of the University of Padova and colleagues instead used chloroform to extract compounds from almost 1,000 samples representing 16 Italian monofloral honeys. NMR examination of the extracts revealed a spectral fingerprint for each type of flower. The researchers used more than 700 of these spectra to create a model that classified test samples according

MATTHEW ARNOLD'S DIET

The objective of this articleis to connect Matthew Arnold, that statesman of culture, with a tin of Tate and Lyle's Golden Syrup, a by-product of industrial sugar refining that has been named Britain's “oldest brand.” Bringing the lofty to the low, the sage to the sweetener, is an exercise in willful materialism. Reading Arnold's “sweetness and light” literally, as comestibles, and “culture” as a term that engages the culinary, puts Arnold into conversation with revolutionary nineteenth-century materialist theorists, in particular the German philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach. Although not commonly read now, Feuerbach's work was translated by George Eliot and influential on that of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: it is his materialism and his atheism that we see, modified, in their work. In his own time, he was also known for theories about diet and this article will, in part, show how these theories are inseparable from both his materialism and his atheism. True to its viscous, tacky nature, Golden Syrup arrives slowly and emerges late in my argument, but it will adhere Arnold to Feuerbach, and to an intellectual tradition that holds that what we eat, and whether and how we can eat, is as world-making as what we read. Sitting Feuerbach's self-avowed extreme materialism down at the table with Arnold's self-avowed extreme anti-materialism, I will show that they grapple with the same gods – the gods of Christianity, capitalism, and cultural immortality – and that they both conclude that we make and remake our world by digesting it.

Getting their oats

Ailsa Chapman helps children to cook Goldilock's favourite biscuits made with porridge oats and golden syrup.

History of anaesthesia

Macintosh went to Spain at the request of the American plastic surgeon Eastman Sheehan, who had found himself unable to operate on patients with facial injuries due to the fact that the anaesthetic practitioner, a nun, insisted on keeping the mask tightly clamped to the patient’s face. Macintosh, who was forced to improvise, recalled in his diary: ‘When faced with anaesthetising for head and neck surgery in Spain, I was thankful I had seen Flagg’s demonstrations. I cannot think what I would have done without them. I settled for an empty tin of Lyle’s Golden Syrup – a strange find in the circumstances, and well it worked’.

Carbohydrate Diet and Reproductive Performance of a Fruit Fly Parasitoid,Diachasmimorpha tryoni

Augmentative releases of parasitoid wasps are often used successfully for biological control of fruit flies in programs worldwide. The development of cheaper and more effective augmentative releases of the parasitoid wasp Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) may allow its use to be expanded to cover Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), a serious pest of many vegetables and most fruit production in Australia. This demands a fuller understanding of the parasitoid's reproductive biology. In this study, mating status, fecundity, and size of female D. tryoni were determined under laboratory conditions. A range of pre-release diets, 10% concentrations of honey, white sugar, and golden syrup, were also assessed in the laboratory. Mature egg loads and progeny yields of mated and unmated parasitoid females were statistically similar, demonstrating that mating status was not a determinant of parasitoid performance. Female lifespan was not negatively impacted by the act of oviposition, though larger females carried more eggs than smaller individuals, indicating a need to produce large females in mass-rearing facilities to maintain this trait. White sugar gave the highest adult female lifespan, while honey and golden syrup shared similar survivorship curves, all significantly greater compared with water control females. Pre-release feeding of D. tryoni, particularly with white sugar, may enhance the impact of released parasitoids on B. tryoni. These findings are important because honey is currently the standard diet for mass-reared braconids, but white sugar is less than one-third the cost of other foods; however further work is required to assess postrelease performance of the parasitoid.

Dietary supplementation with natural honey promotes growth and health of male and female rats compared to cane syrup

The modern human diet contains refined sugars mainly fructose, with culpability in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. We investigated the effects of natural honey (NH) as a source of fructose on metabolism in growing animal models. This was to determine whether NH can substitute refined sugars, without adverse effects. Fifty-nine suckling rats were fed diets containing NH or cane syrup (golden syrup, GS) from age 7 to 91 days. Thereafter the rats’ general health indices and growth parameters were obtained. Compared to GS, NH increased (p < 0.01) body weight gain, and linear growth in the males while none of the diets influenced females’ growth. Dietary GS increased (p < 0.0001) visceral fat weight, and caused hepatomegaly in the males. There was neither visceral fat weight increase in the NH-fed and female rats. The liver functionality was preserved in the honey-fed rats. Unlike cane syrup, NH prolonged intake by infants could not compromise the rats’ health status in later life. NH is a healthy source of dietary sugars, and female rats were less susceptible to metabolic health problems. Extrapolating data from male rats to females should be done with caution due to potential gender differences in response to dietary manipulations. Key words: Cane syrup, dietary supplements, disease, growth, health, metabolism, natural honey, obesity, sugar, rats.

The effectiveness of honey for the management of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients: A systematic review of clinical trials

AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of honey in the management of oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. MethodsThe review of the literature was based on a keyword strategy and pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The keywords “head and neck cancer”, “radiotherapy”, “oral mucositis”, “controlled trial” and “honey” were used as search terms in the EMBASE, CINAHL, COCHRANE and PUBMED databases. The citation and reference list of the eligible articles were also screened for potentially relevant articles. The methodological quality of the selected trials was assessed by the JADAD scale. ResultsIn total, 5 studies met the criteria and were included in the systematic review. Three studies assessed the effectiveness of honey against other products including golden syrup, lignocaine and saline and two studies assessed the effectiveness of honey against standard treatment regimes. Four out of the five studies demonstrated significant reduction in the mucositis levels and one study reported that honey had no statistical association with less severe mucositis. Methodologically the quality of most studies was moderate due to the small sample size, which might impact upon the significance of the findings. ConclusionsAlthough honey appears to be a simple, affordable, available and cost-effective treatment for the management of radiation-induced oral mucositis, there is a need for further multi-centre randomized trials to validate these findings.

Long-term dietary supplementation with natural honey does not predispose growing male rats to metabolic syndrome

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition characterized by abdominal obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension and dyslipidaemia, and thus increased susceptibility to diabetes, kidney and heart diseases [1]. The modern human diet contains refined sugars mainly fructose, which is culpable in the global incidence and prevalence of MetS in adults and children [2,3]. We investigated the effects of two dietary sources of fructose, natural honey (NH) and golden syrup (GS) on metabolism in growing animal models (Sprague Dawley rats) fed from neonatal age. Methodology

Powdered, Essence or Brewed?: Making and Cooking with Coffee in Australia in the 1950s and 1960s

Powdered, Essence or Brewed?: Making and Cooking with Coffee in Australia in the 1950s and 1960s