Gold Salts Research Articles

NADH Regeneration Promoted by Solar Light Using Gold Nanoparticles/Layered Double Hydroxides as Novel Photocatalytic Nanoplatforms

AbstractNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD(P)H is a prolific cofactor in oxidoreductases biochemistry, but its high cost and the stoichiometric amounts motivates significant research for establishing efficient solutions for regenerating NAD(P)H from NAD(P)+. This study presents nanoparticles of gold/layered double hydroxides (AuNPs/LDH) as nanoplatforms with highly efficient photocatalytic response for solar‐light promoted NADH regeneration. The novel photocatalysts are obtained via self‐assembling of ZnAlLDH and AuNPs by using the manifestation of the “structural memory” of the anionic clay in gold salt solution. The chemical composition, structural, optical and nanotextural features of AuNPs/LDH have been assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and UV‐Vis Spectroscopy (UV‐Vis). It was found that, at pH 8 and in the presence of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as a mediator and using water as an electron donor, the regeneration the NADH under solar light is defined by a rate of 20.5 μM/h. Furthermore, the regenerated NADH cofactor is tested in presence of Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) enzyme to promote the hydrogen peroxide reduction.

One Pot Synthesis of Dithiolane Dendron Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles

AbstractThe theranostic properties of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) depend on their size and shape but also on their challenging coating. Indeed, the GNPs coating step is not easy to perform and often affects their colloidal stability and aggregation state. We investigated the one‐pot synthesis of GNPs with a size higher than 10 nm and coated with dendrons by testing different synthesis processes. With the Brust‐Schriffin method, the very fast reduction of HAuCl4 affects the growth step. The decrease of the reduction kinetics by tuning the reaction temperature and the NaBH4 injection speed led to spherical GNPs with a size ∼30 nm. The seed mediated method conducted always to the presence of very small nuclei beside bigger GNPs despite a Ostwald ripening treatment. Finally, the modification of the gold precursor by tuning the pH of gold salt suspensions was shown very promising to better control the nucleation and growth steps and obtain dendronized GNPs in a one‐pot step (ratio 100 : 1 and pH=2.3).

60 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis treated with gold salts Dumarest, Lebeuf (Pr. Med. 1932, no. 62)

Dumarest, Lebeuf were injected intramuscularly 2-3 times a week at a dose of 0.1-0.2 gold Solganel preparation to patients with various forms of pulmonary TB and received anatomical changes with a recovery of 23%, improvement with incomplete anatomy.

On the role of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) in the generation of elemental transition metal precipitates in cellulosic materials

Several literature reports describe the role of aqueous solutions of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide monohydrate (NMMO) as a suitable medium for the generation of transition metal (nano)particles in or on cellulosic materials and further elaborate its role as a co-reactant of the transition metal salts that are reduced to the elemental metal. However, this would assign NMMO the role of a reductant, which is in contradiction of its obvious oxidative nature. In the present study, the exemplary cases of silver, gold, and platinum salts as the precursors of the respective metal (nano)particles in aqueous NMMO/cellulose mixtures were investigated. Naturally, NMMO did not act as a reducing agent in any case—this role was taken over by the frequently used NMMO stabilizer propyl gallate, or by cellulose itself, into which carbonyl and carboxyl groups were introduced. Also, hypochlorite—produced intermediately from chloride ions and subsequently undergoing disproportionation into chloride and chlorate—or transient N-methylene(morpholinium) ions generated from NMMO, which are in turn oxidized to formyl morpholide, can act as the corresponding reductants while the metal ions are reduced, depending on the reaction conditions. Apart from providing interesting mechanistic insights, the study points to the importance of a precise description of the composition of the chemical systems used, as well as the importance of seemingly inert auxiliaries, which turned out to be essential co-reactants in the metal (nano)particle generation.Graphic abstract

The Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Helichrysum odoratissimum Against Cutibacterium acnes Biofilms.

The human skin is home to millions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses which form part of a unique microbiome. Commensal microbes, including Cutibacterium acnes can occasionally become opportunistic resulting in the onset of dermatological diseases such as acne. Acne is defined as a chronic inflammatory disorder based on its ability to persist for long periods throughout an individual’s life. The synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was performed using the bottom-up approach by reduction of a gold salt (HAuCl4.3H2O) by the methanol extract (HO-MeOH) and aqueous decoction prepared from the dried aerial parts of Helichrysum odoratissimum (HO-Powder). The HO-MeOH and HO-Powder AuNPs were prepared as unstabilised (−GA) or stabilized (+GA) by the omission or addition of Gum Arabic (GA) as the capping agent. The characterization of the AuNPs was performed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Ultraviolet-Visual spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Zeta-potential. The MBIC50 values for HO-MeOH − GA and HO-MeOH + GA were 1.79 ± 0.78% v/v and 0.22 ± 0.16% v/v, respectively. The HO-Powder AuNPs showed potent inhibition of C. acnes cell adhesion to the 96-well plates. The HO-MeOH − GA and HO-Powder + GA exhibited IC50 of 22.01 ± 6.13% v/v and 11.78 ± 1.78% v/v, respectively. The activity of the AuNPs validated the anti-adhesion activity of the methanol extract in the crude form. The study emphasizes the selectivity of H. odoratissimum AuNPs for the prevention of C. acnes cell adhesion and not antimicrobial activity, which may prevent the emergence of resistant strains of C. acnes through reduced bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity, while targeting mechanisms of pathogenesis.

Studying the effect of gold nanoparticles on mixture of surfactant of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) surfactant and folic acid

Gold nanoparticles were prepared from yeast dough via gold salt reduction and their effect on rheology of a mixture of folic acid and the surfactant of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) was studied. The results revealed that the highest viscosity (pa. s7.1232×102) was at a ratio of 2/8, a temperature of 10oC and a concentration of 0.00004M of nano-gold. So, micelles growth is occurred by increasing nano-gold concentration. In the same manner, measuring the conductivity of the prepared solution revealed that there is a reverse proportion between conductivity and viscosity. Also, thermodynamic functions were calculated such as standard free energy (ΔGo), standard enthalpy (ΔH) and standard entropy (ΔSo) for the formed micelles together with calculating the micellization activation energy. Gold nanoparticles were prepared from yeast dough (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), via gold salt reduction, and the prepared nanoparticles were diagnosed by several techniques (UV-Vis.,x-ray, TEM, SEM), through which the results showed that the prepared gold particles have a purple colour at length (552nm) it has a spherical shape and is within the nano size that was specified by the Shearer equation. The effect of these prepared nanoparticles on the rheology of the mixture of folic acid and the surfactant of Sodium Dodecyl Benzene sulfonate was studied using different temperatures, as this study showed that the highest viscosity Its value was (pa. s7.1232×10 2) at the ratio (2/8) and at a temperature of 10Co and when the concentration of nano-gold was 0.00004M. If these results indicate that the growth of micelles increases with the increase in the concentration of the prepared nano-gold. The conductivity measurement of the solutions prepared for the mixture was also studied, as it was found that the conductivity increases as the viscosity decreases in the presence of nano-gold particles, which leads to an increase in the growth of micelles. From calculating the thermodynamic functions, it was found that the standard free energy (ΔGo) is negative, the standard enthalpy (ΔH) is negative and the standard entropy (ΔSo) is negative for the formed micelles.

Gold‐Catalyzed Direct C(sp3)−H Acetoxylation of Saturated Hydrocarbons

AbstractIn this communication we report our studies towards the development of a gold‐catalyzed direct acetoxylation of C(sp3)−H bonds. We achieve this through the use of the hypervalent iodine reagent PhI(OAc)2 in combination with a simple gold salt (HAuBr4) as the catalyst. Through a comparison of the reactivities of cyclooctane and adamantane we judge the reaction to proceed via hydride transfer. This is further substantiated through computational studies of the relative energies for the anions, radicals and cations derived from C−H bond cleavage of cyclooctane and adamantane relevant to the C−H cleaving step.

Sintering-Based In-Situ Synthesis and Characterization by TEM of Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Ceramic Glaze Color Control.

Gold and silver salt mixtures are incorporated in ceramic glazes for in situ development of mixtures of gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs) that subsequently allow for a wide spectrum of low metal loading color control within ceramic materials. Prior work has shown that gold NPs can be used to create vibrant, color-rich red pigments in high-temperature ceramic and glass applications, though the achievable diameter of the gold NP ultimately limits the available range of color. The current study significantly expands color control from traditional gold nanoparticle red through silver nanoparticle green via the alteration of gold-to-silver salt ratios incorporated in the glaze formulations prior to sintering. Nanoparticle-based coloring systems are tested in both oxidative and reductive firing atmospheres. While the oxidation environment is found to be prohibitive for silver NP stability, the reductive atmosphere is able to form and sustain mixtures of gold and silver NPs across a wide color spectrum. All glazes are analyzed via reflectance spectrometry for color performance and samples are characterized via TEM and EDS for composition and sizing trends. This study creates new groundwork for a color-controlled NP system based on noble metal ratio blends that are both nontoxic and achieved with radically lower metal pigment loading than traditional glazes.

Development of immunochromatographic strip assay for rapid detection of novel goose astrovirus

The novel goose astrovirus (GoAstV) is an emerging pathogenic virus that has resulted in large economic losses to the goose-rearing industry in China since 2016. The novel goose astrovirus cause gout in goslings with a mortality rate of around 50 %. Therefore, an effective diagnostic approach to monitor the spread of GoAstV is necessary. Here, a novel diagnostic immunochromatographic strip (ICS) assay was developed to detect GoAstV. A rapid immunochromatographic assay based on antibody colloidal gold nanoparticles specific to GoAstV was developed for the detection of GoAstV in goose allantoic fluid and supernatant of tissue homogenate. Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were prepared using the hybridoma technology, and the polyclonal antibodies (Pabs) were generated by immunizing the rabbits with recombinant ORF2 protein. In addition, the colloidal gold was prepared by reducing gold salt with sodium citrate coupled with Mabs against GoAstV. The optimal concentrations of the coating antibody and the capture antibody were examined as 1.6 mg/mL and 6 μg/mL. The optimal pH of the colloidal gold labeling was pH 8.0. With the visual observation, the lower limit of the ICS was reported to be approximately 1.2 μg/mL. Common diseases of goose were examined to assess the specificity of the ICS, and no cross-reaction was identified. 40 clinical positive samples were simultaneously detected by using the ICS and the PCR with a 92.5% coincidence rate between them. Furthermore, the mentioned samples could be stored at 25 °C and 4 °C for 4 and 6 months, respectively. It was proved that the ICS in this study was highly specific, sensitive, repeatable and more convenient to rapidly detect GoAstV in clinical samples.

Synthesis ofN‐Acetylcysteine Conjugated Cholic Acid Stabilized Gold and Silver Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Their Catalytic Activity and Toxicity Assessment

AbstractHere we report an efficient and simple protocol for the preparation ofN‐acetylcysteine conjugated cholic acid (ACyCA) by adopting thiol‐yne click chemistry approach. The synthesized ACyCA amphiphiles showed primary and secondary critical micellar concentration (CMC) at 3.6 and 11.05 mM. The prepared ACyCA was used as a soft template for the preparation of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) under sun light exposure. The optical and morphological properties of NPs were studied by UV‐visible, DLS, zeta potential and HR‐TEM techniques. The synthesized NPs having monodispersed spherical shaped and anisotropic nature with an average size of ∼10.5 nm and ∼45.8 nm for Au and Ag NPs, respectively. The catalytic activity of the prepared NPs was evaluated for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) to 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP) as a model reaction and the apparent rate constant (kapp) was found to be 3.27×10−4 s−1and 15.6×10−4 s−1for Au and Ag NPs respectively. Also, Ag and Au NPs were screened for antimicrobial activity against five human pathogens. Among these, AgNPs showed maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) 23 mm forStaphylococcus aureuswhen compared to AuNPs, and the minimum inhibitory concentration of AgNPs was found to be 64 μg/mL forS. aureus. From the haemocompatibility studies, the AgNPs showed more compatibility for the human blood cells as compared to AuNPs. Multiphoton confocal fluorescent microscopic observation of bacterial cells treated with AgNPs showed 45 to 50 % of dead cells.

Synthesis, structure, electronic characterization, and halogenation of gold(III) phlorin complexes

The metalation chemistry of the phlorin, which is a non-aromatic tetrapyrrole macrocycle containing a single sp3-hybridized meso-carbon has remained underdeveloped, as compared to that of more traditional tetrapyrroles such as porphyrins, corroles and phthalocyanines. There have been few prior efforts to prepare metallophlorins, and those that have been reported have relied on either reduction or nucleophilic attack of parent metalloporphyrins, rather than direct metalation of freebase phlorin constructs. In this work, an alternate synthetic approach for preparation of gold(III) phlorin complexes that involves the first direct metalation of two different freebase phlorin derivatives (3H(Phl[Formula: see text] and 3H(Phl[Formula: see text] with AuBr3to produce the stable and fully isolable gold(III) phlorin complexes Au(Phl[Formula: see text] and Au(Phl[Formula: see text] is reported. The first structural characterization of a metallophlorin bearing geminal dimethyl substituents at the sp3-hybridized meso-carbon via X-ray crystallography is also reported. In addition to the preparation of Au(Phl[Formula: see text] and Au(Phl[Formula: see text], the UV-vis absorption and redox properties of these two gold(III) phlorins in comparison to those of their freebase homologues is also detailed. Notably, the metallophlorins are characterized by panchromatic absorbance profiles and intense and broad bands that span the long-visible and into the near-IR regions, as well as two fully reversible oxidation and reduction waves as probed by cyclic voltammetry. Finally, the chlorination of Au(Phl[Formula: see text] using PhI(Cl[Formula: see text] was probed and it was found that this regioslective reaction generates monochlorinated (Au(Phl[Formula: see text]Cl)) and dichlorinated (Au(Phl[Formula: see text]Cl[Formula: see text] products, which were both structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography.

Environmental Aspects of Dental Implantation in a Large Industrial Center (On the Example of Volgograd)

Dental implantation is a method widely used in dental practice, based on the process of osseointegration – the formation of a strong connection between the inserted implant and the bone tissue. The use of these implants has a number of problems with the osseointegration process associated primarily with the development of pathogenic microflora and possible damage. To combat these difficulties, various materials are being developed for coating implants with the addition of bioactive elements, which reduce the possibility of infection by pathogenic microorganisms, as well as increase strength, improve osseointegration and biocompatibility of implants with bone tissue. The most effective coatings at the moment are hydroxyapatite and calcium triphosphate, using such bioactive elements as growth factors and components of the bone matrix, as well as chitosan, silver and gold salts. When using dental implants, monitoring of osseointegration is necessary to minimize bone loss, and fluoroscopy is the most suitable method for this. The state of the environment has a strong impact on the health of citizens. Volgograd has a high level of environmental pollution, which directly affects the frequency of diseases, including diseases of the oral cavity and teeth. According to the statistics of people visiting dental hospitals, the values in the Krasnoarmeyskiy region exceed, while the number of implants installed per year in this region is low and amounts to 1500, while in the Voroshilovskiy region, with the number of patients being half as much, the number of implants is more than 1000 all associated with the increased use of surgical services for the extraction of teeth in the area. Key words: dental implantation, osseointegration, ecology, environmental pollution, health level.

Gold complexes and their effect on antiarthritic activity and anticancer activity

Gold was considered as universal remedies for diseases like inflammation, infections, etc in 19th century. Later in 20th century Robert Koch discovered Gold complex Potassiumdicyanidoaurate(I) showing activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis , later the treatment was proved to be ineffective subsequently. Further in 1985 Auranofin (Gold salt) was introduced for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis, which had to be taken orally and believed to be the major discovery till injectable gold came into existence. The function of drugs based on gold is majorly related to Rheumatoid arthritis but engrossment has bent towards the adequacy of Gold compounds for anti cancer activities. The review article summarizes the current research on Gold complexes and their biological activities against cancer as well as in case of RA.

Preparation and Characterization of Gold Coated Super Paramagnetic Iron Nanoparticle Using Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid Method

Fe@Au is a type of nanoparticle that contains magnetic Fe NPs core with a fine layer of Au NPs synthesized using the Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL) Method. These Fe@Au NPs characterized by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The result was obtained at different laser fluences (1.9, 2.2, and 2.5) J/cm2 with fixed pulse duration 5 ns, wavelength 532nm and number of pulse equal 100 pulsed. The obtained mean size of Fe@Au NPs at laser fluence (1.9, 2.2, and 2.5) J/cm2 was (63.65, 32.47 and 31.18) nm respectively. UV-Visible Spectrophotometer carves was showed a redshift toward longer wavelength by increasing particle size. Obtained results exhibited that the laser fluence plays a key role in the size, and dispersity of Fe@Au NPs.

Hybrid alginate–copper sulfate textile coating for coronavirus inactivation

AbstractThe sanitary crisis caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 has increased the demand for bioactive materials to mitigate coronavirus spread. The use of masks has been reported as an essential strategy to prevent coronavirus transmission, but they can become contaminated rapidly after use. Metals species containing compounds, especially those from the copper group, present properties that can be explored to suppress viral activity. Natural polymers, like alginate, can improve biocompatibility and adjust metal ion availability on hybrid coatings. This study assesses iron, copper, silver, and gold salts and their combination with biopolymers to design surfaces with virucidal properties. Viral inactivation assays with MHV‐3 coronavirus strain and cytotoxicity tests with L929 cells were conducted to the hybrid coatings on polypropylene masks. These coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance device, and atomic absorption spectroscopy techniques. Multilayer coatings of alginate–copper sulfate presented 99.99% viral inactivation in a timely release of copper ions.

New π‐Extended 1,1′‐Disubstituted Ferrocenes with Thioate and Dithioate End Groups

AbstractExtended π systems based on 1,1′‐aryl or (2‐arylethynyl) disubstitution at ferrocene with thioate or dithioate end groups are reported. In the context of molecular electronics, such end groups are possible alternative end groups for the attachment of molecular wires at gold surfaces. The respective thioates were successfully prepared in high yields via the respective carboxylic acid derivatives. Subsequent treatment with Lawesson's reagent led to the respective dithioates. However, this did not work in the presence of triple bonds, in these cases, product mixtures were formed. On the basis of literature evidence with Woollin's reagent, the selenium analog of Lawesson's reagent, one product was tentatively characterized as a double cyclization product of two triple bonds and two molecules of Lawesson's reagent. Preliminary experiments towards the formation of gold complexes by reaction with a Johnphos gold(I) salt are included.

Optical Properties and Surface Morphologies of Silica–Gold Nanoshells Depending on Buffer Solutions and Reducing Agents

Silica–gold nanoshells (SGNSs) were prepared at different concentrations of reducible gold salts (K+AuCl4−) with a toxic formaldehyde (FAH) reducing agent. FAH-induced SGNSs (F-SGNSs) showed not only a distinct red-shift of the plasmon resonance peak but also an increase in the thickness of the gold shell in proportion to the concentration of gold salts (0.38–1.90 mM). However, the excessive addition of reducible gold salts resulted in agglomeration of the SGNSs. The F-SGNSs showed enhanced colloidal stability after the addition of buffer solutions containing different oxyanions in the following order: K2CO3 > citrate > citrate + PBS > PBS. In addition, biocompatible ascorbic acid (ASA) was used to avoid the problem of toxic FAH agents for in vivo applications. The ASA-induced SGNSs showed a smoother surface morphology and more red-shift of the surface plasmon resonance band in comparison to F-SGNSs, probably because of the coalescence of small gold clusters formed under the mild reducing power of ASA. The surface morphologies of the SGNSs and their optical properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, zeta-potential measurement, and UV–visible spectroscopy.

Facile Processing of Transparent Wood Nanocomposites with Structural Color from Plasmonic Nanoparticles.

Wood is an eco-friendly and abundant substrate and a candidate for functionalization by large-scale nanotechnologies. Infiltration of nanoparticles into wood, however, is hampered by the hierarchically structured and interconnected fibers in wood. In this work, delignified wood is impregnated with gold and silver salts, which are reduced in situ to plasmonic nanoparticles via microwave-assisted synthesis. Transparent biocomposites are produced from nanoparticle-containing wood in the form of load-bearing materials with structural color. The coloration stems from nanoparticle surface plasmons, which require low size dispersity and particle separation. Delignified wood functions as a green reducing agent and a reinforcing scaffold to which the nanoparticles attach, predesigning their distribution on the surface of fibrous “tubes”. The nanoscale structure is investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman microscopy to determine particle size, particle distribution, and structure–property relationships. Optical properties, including response to polarized light, are of particular interest.

Biogenic reduction of gold salt, graphene oxide using Americana periplaneta salivary exudates and their anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activity

In this study, the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using the salivary gland (SG) of dead Americana periplaneta (Cockroach) was carried out by four different conventional methods. The optimization of formation was studied under microwave conditions. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and nanocomposite were also prepared using the magnetic stirring method. The reduction of nanoparticles was monitored by UV–Visible spectrometer. The Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) region obtained between 500–600 nm and 260–280 nm confirms the reduction of gold ions and graphene oxide (GO) respectively. The results of FTIR revealed the presence of a reducing agent in the gland to serve as capping agents in the reduction of gold and graphene oxide. XRD results revealed the existence of gold nanoparticles with an average size of 32.9 nm. FESEM analysis revealed spherical shape gold nanoparticles < 25 nm. Elemental mapping portrays the uniform spread of nanogold embedded in gland extract. The prepared nanoparticles were found to significantly inhibit S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. paratyphi and E. coli. The anti-cancer potential of prepared nanoparticles against skin cancer cell lines (A431) has been revealed through MTT assay and morphometric analysis. The results of this study suggesting the synthesized nanoparticles have the potential in anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activities.

Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by Using Green Machinery: Characterization and In Vitro Toxicity.

Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with plant extracts has gained considerable interest in the field of biomedicine. Recently, the bioreduction nature of herbal extracts has helped to synthesize spherical GNPs of different potential from gold salt. In this study, a fast ecofriendly method was adopted for the synthesis of GNPs using fresh peel (aqueous) extracts of Benincasa hispida, which acted as reducing and stabilizing agents. The biosynthesized GNPs were characterized by UV–VIS and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering. In addition, the in vitro antibacterial and anticancer activities of synthesized GNPs were investigated. The formation of gold nanoparticles was confirmed by the existence of a sharp absorption peak at 520 nm, corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of the GNPs. TEM analysis revealed that the prepared GNPs were spherical in shape and had an average particle size of 22.18 ± 2 nm. Most importantly, the synthesized GNPs exhibited considerable antibacterial activity against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, the biosynthesized GNPs exerted remarkable in vitro cytotoxicity against human cervical cancer cell line, while sparing normal human primary osteoblast cells. Such cytotoxic effect was attributed to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contributed to the damage of HeLa cells. Collectively, peel extracts of B. hispida can be efficiently used for the synthesis of GNPs, which can be adopted as a natural source of antimicrobial and anticancer agent.