Goat Carcasses Research Articles

Simultaneously prediction of sheep and goat carcass composition and body fat depots using in vivo ultrasound measurements and live weight

The present study established multiple linear regression models using two ultrasound in vivo measurements (at lumbar and sternal regions, with different real-time ultrasonography machines and probes) and live weight, to predict simultaneously carcass composition and body fat depots of different breeds of sheep and goat. This study is important for the small ruminant industry, considering the feasibility of using the ultrasound methodology in field conditions, as well as an online system of the carcass evaluation. The multiple linear regression models were obtained by selecting the best subset of variables between using the in vivo measurements (raw variables), their second degree and interactions, evaluated in terms of prediction performance using cross-validation “K-folds” and validated by a test group. Overall, high accuracy (adj R2) was obtained from the linear relationship between predicted and experimental values of the group test for each of the nine dependent variables, with values varying between adj R2 0.88 and 0.98.

Non-Destructive Imaging and Spectroscopic Techniques for Assessment of Carcass and Meat Quality in Sheep and Goats: A Review.

In the last decade, there has been a significant development in rapid, non-destructive and non-invasive techniques to evaluate carcass composition and meat quality of meat species. This article aims to review the recent technological advances of non-destructive and non-invasive techniques to provide objective data to evaluate carcass composition and quality traits of sheep and goat meat. We highlight imaging and spectroscopy techniques and practical aspects, such as accuracy, reliability, cost, portability, speed and ease of use. For the imaging techniques, recent improvements in the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to assess sheep and goat carcass and meat quality will be addressed. Optical technologies are gaining importance for monitoring and evaluating the quality and safety of carcasses and meat and, among them, those that deserve more attention are visible and infrared reflectance spectroscopy, hyperspectral imagery and Raman spectroscopy. In this work, advances in research involving these techniques in their application to sheep and goats are presented and discussed. In recent years, there has been substantial investment and research in fast, non-destructive and easy-to-use technology to raise the standards of quality and food safety in all stages of sheep and goat meat production.

Characteristics of Nutrition, Growth, Carcass and Meat of Male Goats Fed Babassu Mesocarp Flour

Twenty-eight Boer × Saanen castrated male goats (21.6 ± 3.0 kg of initial body weigh) were distributed in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effects of increasing levels (0, 100, 200 or 300 g/kg, in dry matter basis) of dietary babassu mesocarp flour (BMF) on performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and meat physical and chemical composition. When significant treatment effects were found, data were submitted to orthogonal polynomials for treatment responses. BMF did not change the intake and digestibility of dry matter and crude protein. However, it increased linearly the total carbohydrates intake (p = 0.013), neutral detergent fiber intake (p < 0.001) and digestibility (p = 0.027), while it decreased linearly the intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates (p < 0.001) and ether extract (p < 0.001), without changing their digestibility (p > 0.05). The dressing percentage (p = 0.003) and rib eye area (p = 0.024) had a quadratic effect with increasing levels of BMF. The total gastrointestinal weight (TGI) had an increased linear effect (p = 0.001), while the proportion of rumen (p = 0.010), omasum (p < 0.001) and abomasum (p = 0.001) increased linearly with BMF addition. The same effects were presented in leg weight (p = 0.045) and muscle weight (p = 0.049). Weight and yields of commercial cuts and meat physicochemical composition did not change (p > 0.05) with inclusion levels of BMF. The addition of babassu mesocarp flour up to 200 g/kg in the diet of male goat can improve the dressing percentage without major changes in meat physical and chemical traits, representing an attractive alternative feed.

Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Qualitative Characteristics of Aged Chicken Carcasses: A Comprehensive Review

The aim of this review was to summarize the histological, physical, chemical and microbial aspects and ways to stop the fluctuation in meat quality in addition to enhance its sensory quality using electrical stimulation. The low-voltage electrical stimulation and high-voltage electrical stimulation were employed. Electrical stimulation improves quality of poultry meat by reducing shear, increasing Sarcomere length, and reducing the diameter of muscle fibers. Low-voltage electrical stimulation affects voltages (120 volts directly in the nervous system, while high voltages were more than enough) to remove the polarization of the cover and produce a dense physio-chemical response in the muscles that had a direct effect. Electrical stimulation and injection with salts of sodium chloride and calcium chloride in the carcasses of female goats improved the tenderness of the meat. It was found that electrical stimulation accelerated the development of rigor mortis. Although electrical stimulation reduces breast meat shear, there was limited information about the effects of electrical stimulation on the other quality attributes of poultry meat and the results vary with quality attribute and differ from experimental conditions High voltage (higher than 120 volts) electrical stimulation improved meat quality and decreased the pH. Low voltages (below 120 volts) are used to ensure the safety of workers and give the desired results when used in commercial applications.

MINERALIZATION OF NITROGEN AND CARBON FROM ORGANIC COMPOST FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION WASTE

ABSTRACT Elucidating the mineralization of organic composts makes it possible to understand the release of nutrients to plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mineralization of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) from organic compost from residues of the production and slaughter of small ruminants, applied on a Neossolo Flúvico (Fluvents). The compost consists of remains of grass (forage), manure and slaughter residues such as blood, viscera and the carcass of goats and sheep. Under laboratory conditions, two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, considering the doses of organic compost at the following levels: zero; 3.75, 7.5, 15 and 30 Mg ha-1. For the N and C mineralization tests, 11 and 32 collection times (sampling periods) were evaluated, respectively. Inorganic N content (ammonium and nitrate) was measured in the N mineralization test, and CO2-C concentration was quantified in the C mineralization test. The largest increments between the applied doses of organic compost from residues of the production and slaughter of small ruminants were 70% and 69% for potentially mineralizable N and C, with amounts of 7.5 and 30 Mg ha-1 at doses of 3.75 and 7.5 Mg ha-1, respectively. Organic C and N from residues of the production and slaughter of small ruminants are rapidly mineralized in the soil (up to 45 days) due to their low C/N ratio.

Antibiotic use in goats: role of experience and education of Missouri veterinarians

BackgroundIn a previous study, we found that rates of antibiotic residues in goat carcasses in Missouri were three times the published national average, warranting further research in this area.MethodsWe conducted...

Capripox in four goats - a case report

Goat pox is a highly contagious viral disease of goats caused by goat pox virus of the genus Capripox of the family Poxviridae. Four goat carcasses were brought to Department of Veterinary Pathology for post mortem examination with clinical history of dermatitis, nasal discharge, laboured breathing, dyspnoea, fever (up to 107° F), anorexia and weakness. Total number of goats in the farm was 32; where morbidity was 18.75 % and mortality was 12.5 %. Post mortem examination revealed raised, erosive skin lesions with scabs, and lungs showed red hepatization with some raised nodule type growths. No abnormality observed in other visceral organs. Microscopic examination of the affected skin and lung tissues showed epithelial hyperplasia with vacuolation, oedema, lymphocytic infiltration, degeneration and necrosis along with presence of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Goat Pox was confirmed by molecular detection by PCR amplification of partial P32 gene of the DNA extracted from tissue/scab samples, which yielded a precise band of 390 bp which is indicative of Capripox.

A review of factors affecting goat meat quality and mitigating strategies

Abstract Goat meat is increasing in popularity worldwide due to a growing demand for lean and nutritious meat. It is important to have an understanding of factors affecting goat meat quality in order to ensure the best possible quality acceptable to consumers. This paper reviews current knowledge on key factors and strategies for improving goat meat quality. Among animal factors, the breed/genetics and age at slaughter are key to goat meat quality. Conditioning of goats destined for slaughter can improve the quality of meat through more desirable carcass fat content. It has been established that goat carcasses have low glycolytic potential and consequently yield higher pH meat, therefore, minimising ante-mortem stress is important for goat meat quality. Goat carcasses are very small and lean, therefore, chilling conditions should be carefully monitored in order to minimise the risk of cold shortening. Electrical stimulation of carcasses has been reported to improve goat meat tenderness. Pelvic suspension of goat carcasses may result in improved meat tenderness compared to Achilles-hung carcasses. Post-slaughter ageing can further improve the tenderness of goat meat. Several efforts have been made to address the concerns pertaining to goat meat quality, but the challenge now is to promote the consumption of goat meat among diverse consumers and establish it as a dietetically acceptable red meat source.

PSI-31 Impact of feeding increasing levels of dried distillers grains with solubles on Boer goat carcass characteristics

Abstract Little is known about effective feed formulation in meat goat diets. With the demand of goat meat rising, producers are looking for cost-efficient yet effective diet formulations to produce quality goat meat. The objective of this project was to evaluate carcass characteristics of Boer-influenced goats after being fed corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) as a replacement for soybean meal (SBM). It was hypothesized that high quantities of DDGS would decrease carcass quality, especially carcass yield. To test this hypothesis, 48 Boer-influenced goats (avg. weight 62.2lbs) were split evenly into 16 pens (3 goats/pen) and were fed an acclimation diet for 14 days. Pens were allocated to one of four treatments: 1) 0% SBM replaced by DDGS; 2) 33% SBM replaced by DDGS; 3) 66% SBM replaced by DDGS; and 4) 100% SBM replaced by DDGS. Diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Pens of goats were provided a self-feeder containing their respective treatments for 47 d. After the challenge was completed, the lightest and heaviest goat from each pen was then harvested in a USDA-inspected abattoir and carcass data collected. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS v9.4. Differences were considered significant if P < 0.05. Dietary treatment did not impact (P > 0.05) any measured carcass trait, including hot carcass weight (P = 0.67), percent carcass yield (P = 0.79), loin eye area (P = 0.51), loin eye depth (P = 0.98), backfat depth (P = 0.50), and body wall thickness (P = 0.65). These results yield a disproven hypothesis, but show that DDGS may be an economical feed ingredient for meat goat diets without negatively impacting carcass characteristics.

Meat Goat Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Characteristics of Kid Meat Goats Supplemented with Sunn Hemp or Concentrates on Pasture

ObjectivesFeed is a large input cost to a goat operation (Gillespiex et al., 2013) so the optimal time to supplement pasture grazing impacts the economic return on the feed investment. The objective of this study was to compare growth, carcass traits, and goat meat properties of weaned kid goats on pasture with access to sunn hemp followed by concentrate feed 50 d prior to slaughter or supplementation with concentrates and switching to sunn hemp 50 d prior to slaughter.Materials and MethodsSavanna (n = 23) and Savanna-Kiko (n = 14) kid meat goats from the Louisiana State University meat goat herd were ranked by weight within each breed into groups of the four heaviest goats, next four heaviest goats and continuing until all goats were assigned into four groups. The two treatments were sunn hemp and native pasture or native pasture supplemented with 16% crude protein feed daily at 3% of the average group body weight with two replications of each treatment. After 50 d, the animals were switched to the opposite treatment. Goats were weighed weekly and linear dimensions were measured prior to overnight fasting and humane slaughter at Day 100 at an average live weight of 27.2 kg. Temperature and pH of the M. Semimembranosus were measured after hide removal and 1 h, 3 h and 24 h after stunning. Carcasses were chilled overnight at 2°C before determination of carcass characteristics, the M. Longissimus dorsi area and body wall thickness at the 13th thoracic vertebrae, and L*, a*, and b* color of the M. Rectus abdominis flank muscle and M. Longissimus dorsi. Right sides were fabricated into USDA IMPS food service style cuts with an additional transverse cut between the fourth and fifth ribs. Consistent with previous experiments, M. Semimembranosus muscles were vacuum packaged and held at 4°C for 7 d before grilling on a conveyor oven to an internal temperature of 75°C. Cook yield was determined as cooked weight divided by raw weight. Three 1.27-cm cores were removed parallel to the muscle grain for Warner-Bratzler shear force. Data were analyzed with effects of treatment, breed, replication, and interactions by R-studio aov function with separation of least squares means and significance set at P < 0.05.ResultsSavannah goats were heavier than Savannah-Kiko goats through the 100-d trial and finished on concentrate compared with those finished on sunn hemp, but average daily gain was not different (P > 0.05) with feed or breed. The only difference among the carcass traits were dressing percentages of 50.81% with the concentrate and 48.13% with sunn hemp (P < 0.05). Boneless lean yield and shear force were not different (P > 0.05) with treatment or breed.ConclusionThe minor differences in results did not clearly distinguish between the supplementation methods to improve growth, carcass traits, or meat characteristics of the two types of kid meat goats.

Study on Production of Male Peranakan Ettawa Goat Carcasses with Different Natural Feeding

Study on the production of male Peranakan Ettawa goat carcasses with different natural feeding. The purpose of this research is to find out the output of the Peranakan Ettawa male carcasses with mixed natural food. In this study used the Peranakan goat Ettawa males as many as six tails. The research data is analyzed by various print analyses using the complete random plan (RAL), and the measured parameters include cutting weight, carcass weight, and percentage of the carcass. The rate of cutting weight gained during the research of P1 (100% mulberry) amounted to 10537.50 grams, P2 (50% mulberry, and 50% Gamal) amounting to 10795.00 grams and P3 (100% Gamal) amounting to 12945.00 grams. The weight of carcasses gained during the research of P1 (100% mulberry) amounted to 4270.00 grams, P2 (50% mulberry, and 50% Gamal) for 4342.50 grams and P3 (100% Gamal) for 5380.00 grams. The rate of the percentage of carcasses gained during the research of P1 (100% mulberry) of 40.88%, P2 (50% mulberry, and 50% Gamal) amounted to 40.10%, and P3 (100% Gamal) amounted to 41.78%. Based on the analysis of the prints, the results were derived that the production of an Ettawa Peranakan goat with a different natural feed gave an unreal effect (p > 0.05) to the cut weight, weight of carcasses and the percentage of carcasses.

Horse-breeding of the Oasis of Surkhan

Since ancient times in Uzbekistan, special attention has been paid to horse breeding. We can see this in dastans and traditions, where poets and bakhshis sang about mythical horses. And most importantly, the horse was very much appreciated as a companion of a horse. As in other regions of the republic, special attention was paid to the development of horse breeding in the Surkhan oasis. Several breeds of horses were bred in the oasis, they were called ‘adobe’, ‘jiyran’, ‘turik’, ‘buz’ and others by color. Uzbeks mainly bred ‘Karabair’, ‘Lakay’, ‘Turkman’, and sometimes Arab ones. For breeding local breeds of horses ‘Karabair’ were used breeds of Turkmen, Arab and Mongolian horses. By breeding horses such breeds of ‘Karabair’ horses as ‘Uzbek’, ‘Miyenkul’, ‘Urgut’ and others were bred. Also, horses were named for their age. A newborn horse was called a ‘kulun’, up to one year a foal, from a year and a half to two years a strigunok, a two-three year old foal, a third year a gunan, a three-four year old dunan, a male after four years a stallion, a female mare. In the Surkhan oasis, Turkmen horses were widely used as a vehicle, they participated in horse racing, racing and kupkari (equestrian competition in which the participants of the competition rip out goat carcass from each other). Responsible for the conservation and reproduction of horse breeds were men. They promptly gave horses food, took them for a walk. The horses that took part in the races, kupkari were raised according to special methods and customs. Such horses were fed from spring to late autumn, with the arrival of autumn they were walked and prepared for competitions. Horses were considered not only a vehicle; they were the most expensive and valuable commodity. At that time, the best horses were estimated from 400 to 600 rubles, and Turkmen horses to 1000 rubles. In a word, horses were not only expensive goods; they were considered the best friend and helper of a horseman.

Escherichia coli O157:H7: distribution, molecular characterization, antimicrobial resistance patterns and source of contamination of sheep and goat carcasses at an export abattoir, Mojdo, Ethiopia

BackgroundCattle have been identified as a major reservoir of E. coli O157:H7 for human infection; the ecology of the organism in sheep and goats is less understood. This study was carried out to determine prevalence, source of infection, antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli O157: H7 isolated from sheep and goat.MethodsSystematic random sampling was carried out at Modjo export abattoir, Ethiopia, from November 2012 to April 2013 to collect 408 samples from 72 sheep and 32 goats. Samples collected were skin swabs, fecal samples, intestinal mucosal swabs and the inside and outside part of carcasses as well as carcass in contacts such as workers hands, knife, hook and carcass washing water. Then, samples were processed following standard bacteriological procedures. Non-Sorbitol fermenting colonies were tested on latex agglutination test and the positives are subjected to PCR for detection of attaching and effacing genes (eaeA) and shiga toxin producing genes (stx1 and stx2). All E. coli O157:H7 isolates were checked for their susceptibility pattern towards 15 selected antibiotics.ResultsE. coli O157:H7 were detected in only 20/408 samples (4.9%). Among these 20 positive samples, 70% (14/20), 25% (5/20) and 5% (1/20) were from sheep, goats and knife samples, respectively. No significant associations were found between carcasses and the assumed sources of contaminations. Of all the 20 isolates virulence genes were found in 10 (50%) of them; 3 (15%) with only the eaeA gene and 7(35%) expressing eaeA and stx2 genes. All the isolates were susceptible to Norfloxacin (NOR) (100%).ConclusionsThe presence of virulence genes shows E. coli O157:H7 is a potential source of human infection in Ethiopia.

PSI-8 Impact of protein or chloride source on Boer goat carcass characteristics

Abstract With a growing goat population in the United States comes a greater emphasis on understanding the role of inexpensive or alternative ingredients in goat diets. However limited data is available on how these ingredients impact goat carcass composition. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of protein or chloride source on Boer goat carcass characteristics. Growing goats were fed 1 of 5 isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets for 42 d prior to slaughter in a completely randomized design. Diets included the following as their protein and primary chloride source: 1) soybean meal (SBM) with ammonium chloride (AmCl); 2) dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) with AmCl; 3) SoyPlus (Dairy Nutrition Plus, Ames, IA) with AmCl; 4) SBM with SoyChlor (Dairy Nutrition Plus, Ames, IA); and 5) SoyPlus with SoyChlor. Fifty goats (10 per treatment) were slaughtered in a USDA-inspected facility (Paradise Locker Meats, Trimble, MO), with carcass data collected initially (HCW) or after a 24-h chill. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure on SAS, with goat as the experimental unit. Differences in final body weight were not detected among dietary treatments (P = 0.284), nor were there differences in hot carcass weight or carcass yield (P > 0.05). Goats fed diets with SBM, regardless of chloride source, had greater (P < 0.05) loin eye area than those fed diets with SoyPlus and SoyChlor. There was no detected impact (P > 0.05) of dietary treatment on goat backfat depth or body wall thickness. In summary, the ingredients tested had limited impact on yield or fat proportion in goats when calorie and crude protein levels were held constant. However, goats fed SBM-based diets had greater loin eye area than those fed SoyPlus and SoyChlor.

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES ISOLATED FROM SOME ABATTOIRS IN DAKAHLIA, EGYPT

A total of 400 samples were collected from 100 slaughtered carcasses (cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat, 25 of each). Four samples from each carcass representing: muscle, liver, kidney and heart were collected for detection of L. monocytogenes. Also, 100 environmental samples representing water used in abattoir, knife swabs and swabs from abattoir walls before and after cleaning, (25 for each) and 100 fecal swabs from abattoirs' workers were randomly collected from different abattoirs located at Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. The Prevalence rate of L. monocytogenes in cattle carcasses was 3 (12%), 2 (8%) and 1(4%) in examined liver, kidneys and heart samples out of 25 examined samples for each organ, respectively and couldn't be detected in any of muscle samples. Meanwhile, in buffalo carcasses, theprevalence rate was 4 (16%), 2 (8%),1 (4%) and 1 (4%) in examined liver, kidneys, heart and muscle samples out of 25 examined samples for each organ, respectively. Meanwhile, in sheep carcasses, the prevalence rate of L. monocytogenes was 3 (12%), 2 (8%), 2 (8%) and 2 (8%) in examined liver, kidneys, heart and muscle samples out of 25 examined samples for each organ, respectively. Meanwhile, in goat carcasses, the prevalence rate was 4 (12%), 2 (8%), 2 (8%) and 1(4%) in examined liver, kidneys, heart and muscle samples out of 25 examined samples for each organ, respectively. In environmental samples, the prevalence rate was 28% from examined wall swabs before cleaning, 4% from examined wall swabs after cleaning, 4% from examined knife swabs and 4% from fecal swabs from abattoirs workers. Meanwhile, no L. monocytogenes was detected in water samples. Regarding pathogenicity test, death of all inoculated wining rabbits (23) as following 60% on 3rd day, 30% on 4th day and 10% on 5th day and L. monocytogenes was isolated from their organs. The isolates of L. monocytogenes were found to be virulent by using PCR assay incorporating inlA, hlyA and prfA genes primers. The public health hazards as well as suggestive measures to reduce human listeriosis have been discussed.

Validation of Antimicrobial Interventions for Reducing Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Surrogate Populations during Goat Slaughter and Carcass Chilling

Demand and consumption of goat meat is increasing in the United States due to an increase in ethnic populations that prefer goat meat. As ruminant animals, goats are known reservoirs for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and proper handling, especially during slaughter, is imperative to reduce the likelihood of carcass and meat contamination. However, the majority of antimicrobial intervention studies during the slaughter of ruminant species have focused on beef, highlighting the need for validation studies targeting small ruminants, such as goats, during slaughter and chilling procedures. The objective of this research was to evaluate 4.5% lactic acid (LA; pH 2.1), peroxyacetic acid (PAA; 400 ppm; pH 4.7), a hydrochloric and citric acid blend (Citrilow [CL]; pH 1.2), 5% levulinic acid plus 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (LVA+SDS; pH 2.60), and a nontreated control (CON) for their efficacy in reducing STEC surrogates and their effect on carcass color from slaughter through 24-h chill. Fifteen goat carcasses across three replications were inoculated with a five-strain cocktail (ca. 5 log CFU/cm2 attachment), containing rifampin-resistant surrogate E. coli (BAA-1427, BAA-1428, BAA-1429, BAA-1430, and BAA-1431) and were randomly assigned to an antimicrobial treatment. Antimicrobials were applied prechill and 24 h postchill. Mean log reductions achieved after prechill treatment with LA, PAA, CL, and LVA+SDS were 2.00, 1.86, 2.26, and 1.90 log CFU/cm2, respectively. Antimicrobial treatment after the 24-h chilling, resulted in additional reductions of surrogate E. coli by 0.99, 1.03, 1.94, and 0.47 log CFU/cm2 for LA, PAA, CL, and LVA+SDS, respectively. Antimicrobial treatments did not impact goat carcass objective color (L* and a*), except for b*. The antimicrobials tested in this study were able to effectively reduce surrogate STEC populations during slaughter and subsequent chilling without compromising carcass color.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of S. aureus Isolated from Sheep and Goat Carcasses

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of food poisoning resulting from the consumption of contaminated food with staphylococcal enterotoxins. Raw meat is a good medium for the survival and spread of drug-resistant S. aureus. Objective: To look for the prevalence of drug-resistant S. aureus in Addis Ababa abattoir enterprise. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2013 to April 2014 in Addis Ababa abattoir enterprise. A total of 185 swab samples were collected from the carcasses of sheep, goat and slaughtering materials such as workers’ clothes, vehicles, knives and hands. Isolation and identification of S. aureus were conducted using the conventional culture methods and signatory tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity was conducted using standard methods. Results: The overall prevalence rate for S. aureus in the present study was 33%. The higher prevalence rates of S. aureus were recorded from sheep carcasses 36%, followed by 30% from the environment and 16% from goat carcasses. The variation in the prevalence of S. aureus between the carcasses and environment was not statically significant (p > 0.05). More than 90% of S. aureus strains were sensitive to vancomycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and kanamycin. While 86.9% S. aureus strains were resistant to penicillin G 80.3% resistant to ampicillin, 63.9% resistant to ceftriaxone, 62.3% resistant to oxacilin, and 62.3% resistant to cefoxitin respectively. Conclusion: The present study indicated that the quality of slaughtered sheep carcasses was more contaminated by S. aureus as compared to goat carcasses, during slaughtering, processing, handling and transportation. The presence of MDR strain in the carcasses demonstrates that there is a growing need to control antimicrobial resistance in sheep and goat carcasses.

Evaluation of Bye-Products of Carcass of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Diets Containing Graded Levels of Steam-Treated Cashew Nut Shell

Twenty (20) growing west African dwarf goats were confined and fed concentrate diets containing 0% (T1), 10% (T2), 15% (T3) and 20% (T4) steam-treated cashew nut shell at 100g/goat/day to determine the effect of cashew nut shell on by-products of the goats` carcass, the experiment lasted for 100days after an adjustment period of 14 days, the goats were served water ad Libitum. Fresh bamboo leaves were fed at 300g/goat/day 2 hours before the concentrate. At the end of the feeding trial three (3) goats from each treatment were slaughtered, dressed and the respective by-products to be determined were cut off, weighed and converted to percentage of slaughter weight the experimental design was a completely randomized design data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant treatment means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) option of SPSS version 16 of 2006 edition. Samples of browse species and the supplement diets were analyzed for their proximate composition using standard procedure (AOAC, 1995). Daily supplement intake and total daily dry matter intake values ranged from 4461g(T4)-91.54g(T₁) and 216.75(T₄)-258.99g(T₂) and were significantly p>0.05 different. Daily forage intake values ranged from 165.07(T₁)-176.10(T₃) were not significantly (p>0.05) different. The weight for the full gut, empty gut, gut content, hooves and blood were not significantly (p, 0.05) different. However abdominal fat weight ranged from 0.17%-0.24% and showed significant (p<0.05)different. It was concluded that cashew nut shell up to 20% level of inclusion had no significant effect on nearly all the bye-products of west African dwarf goats. It was therefore recommended that further research should use higher levels of inclusion of cashew nut shell as well as using other species of ruminant such as sheep and cattle.

Meat Goat Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Characteristics of Kid Meat Goats Supplemented with Sunn Hemp or Concentrates on Pasture

Meat Goat Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Characteristics of Kid Meat Goats Supplemented with Sunn Hemp or Concentrates on Pasture

Response of supplemental cassava root sievate - cassava leaf meal based diets on carcass and cost benefits of kano brown goats Capra aegagrus

The experiment was conducted to determine the organ weight characteristics, carcass yield and cost benefits of Kano Brown goats fed cassava root sievate and cassava leaf meal (CRSCLM) based diets as supplement to (Pennisetum purpureum) using 36 Kano Brown goats of 8 to 10 months of age.Four diets T1, T2, T3,and T4, were formulated at the levels of 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% CRSCLM respectivelyin a completely randomized design. Each animal received a designated treatment diet in the morning for 97 days. Feed offered was based on 3.5% body weight per day; the animals in addition were fed a kg wilted chopped P. purpureum later in the day as basal diet to enhance rumination and fine chewing. Results on carcass indices showed significant (p&lt;0.05) response on live weight at slaughter, empty carcass weight, warm carcass weight, dressing percentage, shoulder, leg, loin, end and shank with T4having relatively best results. The dressing percentage was numerically (49.59%) best at T4. On the offal weights, head and full guts were significantly (p&lt;0.05) improved for T4and T1goats. The organ characteristic proved the safety of using CRSCLM through the significantly (p&lt;0.05) lower organ weights at T4goats. Cost per kg feed, feed cost/weight gainand cost/benefit ratio were positively influenced (p&lt;0.05) at T4with expected income of 4.79 / 1 invested. It could therefore be concluded that Kano Brown goats fed 60% CRSCLM had the best carcass and organ yields at a reduced feed cost. Keywords: Pennisetum purpureum, Kano brown goats, Cassava leaf meal, Cassava root sievate,