Goals Of Justice Research Articles

A justice oriented examination of teacher education through the lens of deans’ innovations and leadership in schools of education

ABSTRACT Social-justice teacher education literature is widespread, but research highlighting the perspectives and insights from those who lead is far less common. This interview-based case-study of 20 deans from the Schools of Education across the United States addresses this gap and explores insights that pertain to the leadership and implementation of teacher education programs that advance social justice and teacher agency. Using conceptualisations of thin and strong equity, we identify, explain, and discuss three themes which emerged from the data. The first involves addressing barriers and access issues for prospective teacher candidates. The second includes programmatic actions taken by deans in attempts to further social justice goals and the third highlights an understanding that social justice work inevitably includes working to change systems and structures at the societal scale. We explore the extent to which these patterns reflect strong equity and provide ideas for deepening this work through the development and reframing of teacher agency.

EXAMINING JUSTICE AND INEQUALITIES IN THE HEALTH SECTOR WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING

Aim: The social determinants of health are crucial for understanding the factors that influence social justice in healthcare. Besides medical care, factors such as housing, education, employment, and income disparities need to be considered for a healthy life. The aim of this review is to examine justice and inequalities in the healthcare sector within the context of public health nursing. Method: Literature search was conducted between December 01, 2023, and January 31, 2024, using the English translations of key terms such as "health sector," "justice," "inequalities," "public health nursing," or "health" and "social justice" and "inequities" in Google Scholar, Medline, Pubmed, and Sciencedirect search engines. Results: Justice in the healthcare sector is defined as the absence of systematic differences in health or its fundamental indicators among social groups with different levels of social advantage or disadvantage within a society. This implies equal access to healthcare services for every individual and the absence of unjust distribution of health opportunities, ensuring no barriers to health access. The focus should be on preserving the health of everyone in society, not just individuals. The goal of justice in the healthcare sector is to eliminate barriers preventing access to health resources and services for everyone as a whole. Data indicate numerous attitudes and reasons contributing to social justice inequalities in the healthcare sector. Conclusion: Public health nurses focus on addressing the social determinants of health and aim to eliminate health inequalities through leadership, interdisciplinary collaboration, advocacy, education, and care roles. By actively contributing at these levels, public health nurses can strengthen the healthcare system and work towards a better future.

АНАЛІЗ ДОТРИМАННЯ ПРАВ ЛЮДИНИ ПІД ЧАС РОСІЙСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ВІЙНИ: ЦИВІЛЬНІ ЗАРУЧНИКИ – ВИКЛИК ДЛЯ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО СВІТУ, ПИТАННЯ ВРЕГУЛЮВАННЯ

The article addresses the pressing issue of the illegal detention and sentencing of civilians within the context of the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict, emphasizing the significant challenges posed by the lack of coherent international legal mechanisms to safeguard human rights. In-depth analysis reveals how this legal vacuum complicates the protection of civilian rights during conflicts, highlighting the specific difficulties in verifying abuses and holding the aggressor state accountable. The study explores the nuanced roles that various international and national organizations play in protecting civilians, particularly focusing on the strategic initiatives led by newly established working groups in Ukraine. These organizations and coalitions are crucial in advocating for and protecting the rights of detained civilians, emphasizing the necessity for international cooperation and robust legal frameworks to address and mitigate such humanitarian crises effectively. The absence of unified international legal standards for the treatment of civilians in conflict zones leads to significant challenges. The International Committee of the Red Cross in Ukraine, for instance, notes numerous complications in the detention processes, which depend heavily on the specifics of the charges and legal statutes applied. The status and rights of civilians detained by occupying forces are not adequately addressed by existing international laws, leading to a gap in legal protections and oversight. One of the major obstacles identified is the difficulty in gathering and verifying evidence related to illegal detentions. The conditions of armed conflict severely restrict access to detention sites, making independent and unbiased investigations almost impossible. This not only hinders the prosecution of the aggressor state but also limits the ability of international bodies to monitor and intervene in such situations. Additionally, the article discusses the strategic use of historical legal principles by the occupying powers, specifically the maxim "nullem crimen, nulla poena sine lege" — no crime and no punishment without pre-established law. This principle is exploited to avoid international accountability, allowing the aggressor to conceal their actions and evade international sanctions and legal repercussions. The Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols are examined as the foundational frameworks of international humanitarian law that explicitly prohibit any form of violence against civilians, including hostage-taking. However, the ongoing violations of these laws, particularly by the aggressor state, underscore the challenges of enforcing these international norms. The research highlights the urgent need for comprehensive approaches to address the plight of civilian detainees in conflict zones. This involves enhancing international legal standards and improving the coordination among international bodies to ensure the effective protection of human rights. The creation of working groups under the auspices of the Ukrainian Ombudsman exemplifies proactive measures taken to address these issues, facilitating dialogue and action to safeguard civilian rights and ensure compliance with international humanitarian law. In conclusion, the article calls for a concerted international effort to develop and implement more effective mechanisms to respond to human rights violations in conflict zones. Strengthening the legal and operational frameworks for protecting civilian populations not only restores fundamental human rights but also contributes to the broader goals of peace and justice in international relations. This comprehensive approach is vital for the long-term resolution of conflicts and the protection of vulnerable populations in war-torn regions. Key words: civilian hostages, armed conflicts, international law, human rights, unlawful detentions, international organizations, Ukraine, working group.

Reimagining Vaccine Access for Health Equity.

The Covid-19 pandemic elevated global attention to the complex problem of allocating and disseminating newly approved vaccines. Following early calls for vaccine equity,1 global health leaders made progress but struggled to fully realize distribution goals.2 With respect to vaccination rates, low and middle income countries have not achieved full parity with high income countries.3 In this issue, Harmon, Kholina, and Graham follow longstanding critiques of market-based vaccine procurement to propose "legal and practical solutions for realizing a new access to vaccines environment"4 that will, they suggest, further the goal of global health justice.

Akomodasi Common Law System Dalam KUHP Baru: Konsep Hukuman Kerja Sosial Sebagai Alternatif Pidana

In the context of modern society, an effective and efficient legal system is of paramount importance. This article delves extensively into the concept of community service orders as an alternative to imprisonment and fines in the new Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP). The objective is to expound upon the significance of this concept and provide recommendations concerning changes in the legal system. A descriptive methodology is employed in this study to explore various perspectives on this issue and offer profound insights into the concept. The findings indicate that community service orders hold the potential to enhance the effectiveness of the penal system and contribute to the goals of rehabilitation and justice in modern society. However, for the successful implementation of this concept, a robust understanding of the practical aspects is necessary, including the choice of locations, clear legal regulations, and learning from the experiences of other countries that have adopted community service orders. These experiences can serve as a source of inspiration to minimize potential obstacles in the implementation of community service orders in Indonesia.

Civil substantive and procedural legal means of securing reparations for Ukraine

The subject of the study is the forms of reparations for damage and the procedural means of obtaining them within the institutions which constitute transitional justice and which should comply with international standards. The purpose of the article is to determine the directions for institutional changes in the procedure and peculiarities of compensation for damage caused to individuals by the armed aggression of the russian federation, primarily in national courts in the context of legal institutions of transitional justice. To obtain the results of the study, the author used general scientific and special legal methods, in particular, analysis, generalisation, and comparative legal analysis.
 The conditions for balanced fulfilment of transitional justice tasks in the context of fair reparations for victims have been investigated. The legal means aimed at obtaining reparations for damage caused as a result of armed aggression have been considered. The author identifies the types and role of legal immunities and amnesties as means of reconciliation, their conditions of implementation and application in relation to the effectiveness and availability of reparations for gross human rights violations and war crimes. The forms of reparations that should be guaranteed to victims for the relevant crimes have been investigated.
 The results of the study are a new special approach to determining the relationship between substantive and related procedural legal means of transitional justice that may affect reparations at the national level. The role of amnesties and immunities as legal incentives and means of influencing the effectiveness and accessibility of reparations to victims has been identified and generalised. The provisions on ensuring a balanced ratio of private and public interests in the implementation of transitional justice elements have been further developed. The author identifies areas for a balanced combination of legal means and increasing their effectiveness to ensure the goals of transitional justice.
 The results of the study can be used in educational, law-making, law interpretation and law enforcement processes, in particular in civil proceedings in Ukraine. Practical significance lies in the possibility of applying the results in determining procedural ways to protect the rights of victims.

Iran’s Legislative Policy in dealing with Fraud During COVID-19 Pandemic

The fear of the coronavirus has led to various types of scams related to the virus on the internet and in people’s homes, including in Iran. Scams include fraud through corona vaccine cards, fake coronavirus tests, counterfeit drugs, phishing fraud, and sites selling masks at exorbitant prices. Criminals have also been visiting homes for corona testing or disinfection, and using the pretext of livelihood loans or pre-sale advertisements of tourist tours with corona vaccine injections. As the COVID-19 virus spreads, Iran’s legislative policy has been to punish criminals to maintain the psychological safety of society. However, implementing legal principles in emergencies like this can be challenging, especially when ensuring the right to health and compliance with the basic human rights of criminals or their rehabilitation is necessary. Therefore, criminal policymakers should identify technological punishments and penal policies that are suitable for emergencies. They should create suitable grounds for achieving the goals of criminal justice in these circumstances. This article uses the descriptive-analytical method to explain Iran’s legal criminal policy towards criminals in the coronavirus era. It examines the principles of human rights and criminal principles that lead to appropriate legislative policies in upcoming events like COVID-19. The paper concludes that Iran’s legislative policy in emergencies like Corona is severe punishment of criminals to maintain the psychological safety of society. However, it also seeks to rehabilitate the criminals.

The distortionary effects of unconstrained for-profit carbon dioxide removal and the need for early governance intervention

Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) is an emerging activity with extremely limited deployment to date, but which is mathematically required to achieve net (rather than true) zero or negative anthropogenic contribution to climate change. The required scale of CDR, however, depends on decisions about what activities will be allowed to emit greenhouse gases – the “residual emissions” that must be compensated via CDR. Simultaneously, CDR’s availability is limited by resource needs and feasibility, much like conventional depletable resources. Governance and institutions, especially related to how CDR is allocated and paid for, will fundamentally shape CDR efforts, including by structurally incentivizing particular approaches and monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) objectives. We argue that the emerging tendency toward market-based, unconstrained, and for-profit CDR presents fundamental and predictable risks for climate and justice goals. Such a model incentivizes growth in profitable compensatory removal applications, effectively allocating limited resources based on ability to pay rather than public good, while also increasing the amount of CDR required to meet global climate targets. “Luxury” removals that could otherwise be mitigated not only displace, but actively disincentivize deployment for compensatory removals in high priority but low wealth applications, and for drawdown. Meeting these needs would likely become a socialized cost. Markets also establish unit-level property rights that require specific kinds of MRV that are misaligned with climate outcomes and face incentives for poor quality verification. We describe the need, development context, function, and resource limitations of CDR, then characterize the major challenges with the emerging unconstrained, for-profit governance model. We argue that instead implementing CDR as a centrally planned sector, with publicly deliberated and adaptable volumetric targets integrated with other climate action, could enable more just and effective outcomes.

Through the Decades: Critical Race Theory and Pathways Forward in Sport Sociology Research

Critical race theory (CRT) is a powerful framework and methodological tool for sport scholars and practitioners to incorporate into their work. While CRT tenets vary depending on discipline, individuals utilizing the framework understand the permanence of racism and how it is institutionalized within various social structures. In honor of the 40th year of the Sociology of Sport Journal, we conducted a review of the journal to assess how CRT has been used among sport sociologists. After reflecting on the 40-year history of Sociology of Sport Journal, we argue for the continued use of CRT and CRT extensions to fulfill the maximum potential of this foundational framework to achieve its goals of emancipation, social justice, and racial equity. We conclude by discussing the future of CRT in sport sociology research and practice in a post “racial reckoning” society, specifically within the U.S. context.

Awareness And Utilization of Esi Benefits Among Employee

Awareness And Utilization of Esi Benefits Among Employee

The Fall of an Elephant: A Case Study of Bahujan Samaj Party in Uttar Pradesh

The result of the 2022 Assembly election in Uttar Pradesh offers important lessons for Indian electoral politics. This election saw the defeat of the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), a party called ‘the Elephant’ that claims to represent about 20% of state’s population including Dalits. In this background, this article attempts to explain how the BSP’s transition from a ‘Bahujan’ party to a ‘Sarvajan Party’ and neglect for Dalit issues led to its defeat in the Vidhan Sabha election in Uttar Pradesh in 2022. It also shows that the BSP’s ‘Sarvajan Politics’ model could not sustain its success indefinitely. The shift in the BSP’s voting percentage in Uttar Pradesh suggests that a ‘atomized Party’ with a charismatic leader may struggle to remain viable if it falls short of the expectations of its main voter base. The fundamental question here is whether the social justice goal is still relevant in a state like Uttar Pradesh.

Caring feminist states? Paternalistic feminist foreign policies and the silencing of Indigenous justice claims in Sweden and Canada

ABSTRACT The self-identification of Sweden and Canada as exceptionally caring and ethical states committed to the goal of global gender justice has been reinforced through their adoption of feminist foreign policies (FFPs). However, despite the enthusiasm surrounding the potential of feminism as an ethical approach to foreign policy making, critics have drawn attention to the many failings of FFPs that hamper their ability to bring about transformative change. This article posits that the shortcomings of Swedish and Canadian FFPs are rooted in an unacknowledged legacy of colonial power relations. It is from within this history of violence that Swedish and Canadian practices of feminism both “at home” and “abroad” can be seen as a re-articulation of colonialism. Through two illustrative narrative readings of reconciliation efforts, the article examines state provisions of hierarchically imposed, paternalistic expressions of care that silence Indigenous “articulations of self-care.” As such, it addresses a significant gap in the literature on FFPs by highlighting the risk of self-proclaimed “caring” feminist states reproducing colonial power relations within and beyond borders.

Re-Envisioning Field Education in Australian Social Work to Combat Placement Poverty: Students’, Educators’ and Practitioners’ Perceptions

Abstract In Australia, pressure is mounting from multiple stakeholders for a full review of the national social work education standards for field education as evidence grows about compulsory, unpaid placements exacerbating student poverty and the related adverse consequences for students’ learning and well-being. This article reports on the findings of an Australian nation-wide qualitative and quantitative survey that explored social work students’, educators’ and practitioners’ perceptions of proposed strategies to address the challenges identified with existing field education requirements. Descriptive statistics were calculated using Excel. Qualitative data were coded for thematic analysis. The main finding of the survey involving 1,191 participants was a call for a reimagined model of field education with flexibility in all aspects of how future placements are conceptualised, structured and delivered. The findings provide important and previously unavailable empirical evidence about field education strategies to inform and support the reimagining of existing Australian Social Work Education and Accreditation Standards. Recommendations for change, which have implications for both the Australian Association of Social Workers and the Australian Government, are discussed in the context of international standards for social work education and the social justice goals of the profession.

Call and Response: Inquiry-Based Learning as a Critical Pedagogy in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning to Promote Transformation and Transformational Leadership

We have been called to action as teachers—to become leaders of change in society and move forward in good ways in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL). To move forward in good ways, we must identify and work to deconstruct systemic racism and white supremacy embedded in all colonial institutions, including institutions of higher education. We can start this journey in higher education by responding to the call to engage with new ways of knowing and doing; we can apply critical pedagogies in the classroom. Responding to Dr. Gabrielle Weasel Head’s question “What might we miss if we do not spark students’ curiosity?,” I suggest that through the application of inquiry-based learning (IBL), we might inspire students to become curious and engage with us in the goals of social justice. In this call-and-response article, I engage with the literature and reflect on the application of IBL as both student and teacher.

More than employment policies? Parental leaves, flexible work and fathers’ participation in unpaid care work

ABSTRACT This article explores two policy pathways – parental leave and flexible work –as complementary policy interventions aimed at promoting gender equality in unpaid care and household work. Drawing on Canadian data from the 2021 International Familydemic Survey, we examine the relationship between fathers’ previous use of parental leave, and current use of flexible work arrangements (flextime and remote work), and their involvement in unpaid care work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings support the following three arguments: First, in numerous countries, including Canada, where socially exclusive policy designs can limit fathers’ take up of parental leave, flexible work arrangements can provide additional opportunities to increase fathering involvement beyond the early months of parenting. Second, our data indicate that unpaid care work sharing is enhanced by fathers’ parental leaves and flexible working; however, fathers who have taken parental leave report dividing a wider set of household work and care tasks with their partners. Third, although their policy designs, aims, and legislation architectures differ in Canada, we maintain that parental leaves and flexible work arrangements are both more than employment policies; they are care/work policies that enact ‘social care’ and ‘democratic care’, and support gender equality and work-family justice goals.

Perbandingan Pendekatan Restorative Justice dan Sistem Peradilan Konvensional dalam Penanganan Kasus Pidana

This research aims to compare restorative justice and conventional justice systems in the handling of criminal cases. In this context, it can be understood to comprehend the differences, similarities, and the impact of both approaches in the context of law enforcement and criminal justice. A qualitative approach is employed to gain a deep understanding of the characteristics, similarities, and differences between the two approaches in a practical context. Research data is obtained through in-depth interviews with actors involved in the criminal justice system, such as judges, prosecutors, law enforcement officers, social workers, offenders, and victims. The results of this research depict similarities in the focus on achieving justice and community protection between both approaches. However, fundamental differences emerge in their primary goals, with Restorative Justice emphasizing reconciliation, recovery, and conflict resolution, while the conventional justice system tends to lean more towards punishment as a form of retribution. The Restorative Justice approach assigns a more active role to victims in the process of handling criminal cases, enabling them to speak and participate in the recovery process. Meanwhile, the conventional justice system often follows a formal and adversarial process. This research has significant implications for understanding how both approaches can contribute to achieving fair and effective justice goals. The results of this research can be used as a basis for formulating better policies in handling criminal cases.

Working alongside students, parents, and families

The question of achieving equity remains an enduring concern for K-12 teachers and school leaders. Work toward equity and social justice in K-12 schools requires the authentic participation and engagement of racially marginalized students and families. Van Lac, Érica Fernández, and Katherine Cumings Mansfield offer real-life examples of what it looks like to foster student and parent leadership with/alongside teachers and school leaders. They contend that the goals of social justice cannot fully be achieved without the active participation of those most marginalized in K-12 schools.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT IN TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE OF THE POST-CONFLICT SOCIETIES

As a complex concept, transitional justice includes processes and mechanisms related to the efforts of post-conflict societies to face inter alia the consequences of mass abuses and violations of basic human rights. National and international non-judicial and judicial mechanisms are included in these processes. The international courts, the aim of which is to prosecute genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, could also be included. The international intervention through investigations could be an important contribution in achieving the goals of transitional justice. Reasonably, these processes are expected to lead to reconciliation and sustainable peace. Unfortunately, in practice, sometimes these expectations turn into disappointments. The paper aims at providing an overview of some of the actual and potential questions of the contribution of The Court in transitional justice in post-conflict societas. The intention is to answer two key questions: 1. Whether and how the International Criminal Court can contribute in achieving the goals of transitional justice? 2. Has the Court since it was established until today made a significant contribution in achieving the goals of transitional justice in post-conflict societies? In this order, we will review the key instruments that are available to the International Criminal Court from a formal point of view, and will consider the Court’s possibilities for processing specific cases from a practical point of view. The factual challenges and criticisms that the International Criminal Court has faced since its inception, will also be discussed.

Addressing Interpersonal Harm in Online Gaming Communities: The Opportunities and Challenges for a Restorative Justice Approach

Most social media platforms implement content moderation to address interpersonal harms such as harassment. Content moderation relies on offender-centered, punitive approaches, e.g., bans and content removal. We consider an alternative justice framework, restorative justice, which aids victims in healing, supports offenders in repairing the harm, and engages community members in addressing the harm collectively. To assess the utility of restorative justice in addressing online harm, we interviewed 23 users from Overwatch gaming communities, including moderators, victims, and offenders; such communities are particularly susceptible to harm, with nearly three quarters of all online game players suffering from some form of online abuse. We study how the communities currently handle harm cases through the lens of restorative justice and examine their attitudes toward implementing restorative justice processes. Our analysis reveals that cultural, technical, and resource-related obstacles hinder implementation of restorative justice within the existing punitive framework despite online community needs and existing structures to support it. We discuss how current content moderation systems can embed restorative justice goals and practices and overcome these challenges.

Energy systems modelling for just transitions

Policymaking increasingly targets an energy transition that is not only low cost and low carbon, but also just. While energy system models have been useful policymaking tools towards achieving the first two objectives, it is yet unclear to what extent they can also support a just transition. Here, we review 73 recent energy systems modelling studies using an analytical coding frame and observe a diversity of approaches to account for energy justice. While models do show promise in being able to support a just transition, especially in terms of assessing distributional outcomes, many of the approaches in the literature are poorly connected to current energy justice goals and discourses, decreasing the studies’ policy relevance and leaving policymakers with suboptimal planning support. Based on our results, we suggest eight actions for modellers to increase the policy relevance of their studies, which include more direct engagement with policy and research discourses, developing location-specific case studies, leveraging public participation in the modelling process, and considering asset decommissioning.