Glycolic Oxidase Research Articles

Biochemical Studies on Bakanae Fungus. Part 64. The Physiological Action of Gibberellin

The activities of various enzymes were examined in the first and second leaves of rice seedlings treated with gibberellin A. GIB treatment resulted in more or less decrease in the activities of malic dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, pyruvic carboxylase, glutamic-aspartic transaminase, glutamic decarboxylase, glycolic acid oxidase and cytochrome oxidase on the basis of the enzyme solution. Increase in peroxidase activity was remarkable by GIB treatment when guaiacol and pyrogallol were used as hydrogen donor, but increase was not so much by use of p-phenylenediamine and p-methylaminophenol sulfate.

Glycolic acid oxidase formation in greening leaves

9. RUHLAND, W. 1915. Untersuchungen uber die Hautdrusen der Plumbaginaceen. Jahrb. wiss. Botan. 55: 409-498. 10. SCHOLANDER, P. F. 1955. Hydrostatic pressure in coconuts. Plant Physiol. 30: 560-561. 11. SCHOLANDER, P. F. 1958. The rise of sap in lianas. In: The Physiology of Forest Trees, p. 3-17. The Ronald Press Co., New York. 12. SCHOLANDER, P. F., E. HEMMINGSEN, & W. Garey. 1961. Cohesive lift of sap in the rattan vine. Science 134: 1835-1838. 13. SCHOLANDER, P. F., W. E. LOVE, & J. W. KANWISHER. 1955. The rise of sap in tall grapevines. Plant Physiol. 30: 93-104. 14. SCHOLANDER, P. F., BERTHE RUUD, & H. LEIVESTAD. 1957. The rise of sap in a tropical liana. Plant Physiol. 32: 1-6. 15. SCHOLANDER, P. F., L. VAN DAM, J. W. KANWISHER, H. T. HAMMEL, & M. S. GORDON. 1957. Supercooling and osmoregulation in arctic fish. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 49: 5-24. 16. SCHOLANDER, P. F., L. VAN DAM, & SUSAN I. SCHOLANDER. 1955. Gas exchange in the roots of mangroves. Am. J. Botany 42: 92-98. 17. SEN-GuPrA, J. 1935. Die osmotischen Verhaltnisse bei einigen Pflanzen in Bengal (Indien). Ber. Deutsch. Botan. Ges. 53: 783-795. 18. STOCKER, 0. 1956. Die Abhangigkeit der Transpiration von den Umweltfactoren. In: Encyclopedia. Plant Physiology 3: 436-488. Springer, Berlin. 19. TROLL, W. & 0. DRAGENDORFF. 1931. tYber die Luftwurzeln von Sonneratia L. iund ihre biologische Bedeutung. Planta 13: 311-473. 20. WALTER, H. & M. STEINER. 1936. Die Okologie der Ost-Afrikanischen Mangroven. Z. Botan. 30: 65-193.

Appearance of glycolate and related products of photosynthesis outside of chloroplasts

Whole spinach chloroplast fixed C 14O 2 for 1–10 min. in the light into products of the photosynthetic carbon cycle and into small amounts of glycolate-C 14. During a subsequent 30 sec. period of filtration on a celite pad with saline solution, about 50% of the fixed C 14 was converted to phosphoglycolate and glycolate and a small amount of glycine, all of which appeared in the supernatant fluid. No other C 14-labeled product of photosynthesis was excreted by the chloroplasts. Added glycolate-C 14 would not reenter the chloroplasts, but glyoxylate-C 14 readily moved into the plastids where it was reduced to glycolate in the light. The results suggest that phosphoglycolate is actively excreted and then hydrolyzed to glycolate by a specific phosphoglycolic acid phosphatase. After oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate by cytoplasmic glycolic acid oxidase, the two carbon moiety as glyoxylate may reenter the plastids and be reduced to glycolate by glyoxylic acid reductase with photosynthetic assimilatory power. These data suggest the possibility of a cyclic process for transport of carbon products and assimilatory power of photosynthesis between the plastids and the cytoplasm.

Oxidation of Glyoxylic Acid to Oxalic Acid by Glycolic Acid Oxidase

Oxidation of Glyoxylic Acid to Oxalic Acid by Glycolic Acid Oxidase

Glycolic Acid Oxidase, Catalase and Peroxidase of Cotton Tissue

LAGETr, Tolbert, and Burris (5) reported an enzyme of wide' spread occurrence in the green parts of many plants which catalyzed the oxidation of glycolic acid and 1-lactic acid. Zelitch (14) isolated glycolic acid oxidase from spinach leaves and found it to be a flavoprotein with flavin mononucleotide as the prosthetic group. This work was later confirmed by Frigerio and co-workers (7). Further work (10) revealed another enzyme, glyoxylic acid reductase, which catalyzed the reduction of glyoxylic to glycolic acid by reduced pyridine nucleotide. A possible hydrogen transfer system from substrate to oxygen was suggested to involve dehydrogenases, glyoxylic acid reductase, glycolic acid oxidase, and catalase. Glycolic acid oxidase was not found in etiolated plants and was found only in plants which had been exposed to light. Benson and Calvin (2) have shown that glycolic acid builds up rapidly during photosynthesis and remains high in the light but the concentration falls in the dark. Zelitch (12, 13) permitted tobacco leaves to take up a-hydroxysulfonates, which are inhibitors of glycolic acid oxidase, and found that glycolic acid accumulated to ten times its normal level during photosynthesis. He suggested that respiration in sunlight may have taken place through the glycolic acid oxidase system. It was indicated that glycolic acid oxidase activity was sufficiently high for mediation of total oxygen uptake in tobacco leaves. Catalase appeared important in this scheme in that glyoxylate in the presence of hydrogen peroxide will break down to formic acid, water, and carbon dioxide. If catalase was present, then, very little carbon dioxide was evolved (14). The ratio of carbon dioxide evolved to oxygen consumed was about zero to 0.3 for crude extracts of spinach as a source of glycolic acid oxidase. The effect of chemical treatment of plants on the following catalase activity was studied by Landon (9). Watering plants with 0.1 M thiourea 24 hours prior to catalase determination reduced activitv about 65 per cent. One molar ammonium sulfocyanate was required to give a similar amount of inhibition. Chlorate caused very little change in amount of activity.

Dynamic Studies on the Nutrient Uptake by Crop Plants (Part 37) : Glycolic Acid Oxidase in the Roots of Crops, Especially of Rice

Dynamic Studies on the Nutrient Uptake by Crop Plants (Part 37) : Glycolic Acid Oxidase in the Roots of Crops, Especially of Rice

The Role of Glycolic Acid Oxidase in the Respiration of Leaves

The Role of Glycolic Acid Oxidase in the Respiration of Leaves

PREPARATION AND SOME PROPERTIES OF CRYSTALLINE GLYCOLIC ACID OXIDASE OF SPINACH

PREPARATION AND SOME PROPERTIES OF CRYSTALLINE GLYCOLIC ACID OXIDASE OF SPINACH

Nature and Distribution of Glycolic Acid Oxidase in Plants.

Nature and Distribution of Glycolic Acid Oxidase in Plants.

ACTIVATION OF GLYCOLIC ACID OXIDASE IN PLANTS

ACTIVATION OF GLYCOLIC ACID OXIDASE IN PLANTS