Erythrocyte Glutathione Peroxidase Research Articles

Effect of Scoparia dulcis Extract on Lipid Oxidation in Fish Feed, Growth Performance, and Hypoxia Tolerance in Juvenile Jian Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

Lipid oxidation and hypoxia can lead to oxidative damage in aquatic animals. This study explored the effects of Scoparia dulcis extracts (SDE) on lipid oxidation, fish growth performance, digestive ability, antioxidant capacity, and hypoxia tolerance ability. The results showed that SDE decreased malonaldehyde (MDA), conjugated diene (CD), and peroxide value (PO) in the linoleic acid and linolenic acid as well as in fish feed. Broken-line analysis revealed that the optimal acetone extract of S. dulcis (AE) supplements was 4.02, 4.01, and 4.01 g kg−1 determined from PO, CD, and MDA, respectively. Dietary AE supplementation increased feed intake and specific growth rate and activities of amylase, trypsin, and lipase as well as alkaline phosphatase in fish hepatopancreas and gut. Polynomial regression analysis showed that optimal dietary AE supplement was 3.61 g kg−1 diet determined from weight gain. Furthermore, dietary AE supplementation decreased MDA content and increased glutathione content and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase in fish digestive organs, gills, erythrocytes, and muscle. Dietary AE supplementation increased durative time (DT) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) under hypoxia condition. Based on polynomial regression analysis, optimal dietary AE supplements were 4.73 and 4.60 g kg−1 diet determined from DT and OCR for hypoxia tolerance in fish, respectively. According to our current research, SDE’s antioxidant capacity may be attribute to their phenolic chemicals.

Assessment of oxidative stress parameters in summer anestrous buffaloes exhibiting differential fertility following melatonin implants treatment

For evaluating the impact of melatonin implants treatment during non-breeding season to ameliorate oxidative stress, 132 anestrous buffaloes were subcutaneously inserted with 2x4 mm absorbable slow-release melatonin implants (18 mg/50 kg b wt) at the base of left ear and 60 buffaloes were used as control. Ovarian ultrasonography and jugular vein blood sampling were carried out at 7-day interval till day 35 post-treatment or till ovulation, whichever was earlier. Control and implanted buffaloes were subjected to artificial insemination (AI) at overt or induced estrus followed by pregnancy diagnosis at day 90 post-AI. Erythrocytic lipid peroxidation (LPO) values were reduced (P<0.05) in implanted buffaloes from day 21 post-treatment onwards when compared to their pre-treatment and Control group values. However, the concentrations of erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were invariably higher (P<0.05) following treatment as compared to their pre-treatment and Control group values. The buffaloes ovulating in Control or Treatment group revealed higher (P<0.05) erythrocytic GPx in the Latter group. Also, between pregnant counterparts of Control and Treatment group, the Latter group buffaloes exhibited low (P<0.05) erythrocytic LPO, and high (P<0.05) erythrocytic GPx, SOD and catalase. It can be concluded that melatonin implants treatment was successful for mitigating the oxidative stress in summer anestrous buffaloes, and the status of oxidative stress parameters following treatment was better in buffaloes that ovulated or conceived subsequently.

Influence of Long-Term Anti-Seizure Medications on Redox Parameters in Human Blood.

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease affecting millions of people worldwide, but little is known about the impact of anti-seizure medications on redox homeostasis. This study aimed to compare the effects of the long-term use of oral anti-seizure medications in monotherapy (lamotrigine, carbamazepine, and valproate) on antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, haemoglobin, and methaemoglobin content in erythrocytes, and concentrations of total proteins and thiols, nitrites, lipid peroxides and total glutathione in the plasma of epilepsy patients and drug-naïve patients. The results showed that lamotrigine therapy led to lower superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.005) and lower concentrations of total thiols (p < 0.01) and lipid peroxides (p < 0.01) compared to controls. On the other hand, therapy with carbamazepine increased nitrite levels (p < 0.01) but reduced superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.005). In the valproate group, only a decrease in catalase activity was observed (p < 0.005). Canonical discriminant analysis showed that the composition of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes was different for both the lamotrigine and carbamazepine groups, while the controls were separated from all others. Monotherapy with anti-seizure medications discretely alters redox homeostasis, followed by distinct relationships between antioxidant components.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of oxidative stress and antioxidant markers in recurrent aphthous stomatitis

BackgroundWe performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize all studies that reported the level of oxidative and antioxidative markers in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) patients compared to controls.MethodsWe registered our study in PROSPERO (CRD42023431310). PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched to find relevant publications up to June 5, 2023. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. We included 30 articles after multiple stags of screening.ResultsWe found that erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and Glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly lower in patients with RAS compared to healthy controls (SMD = − 1.00, 95%CI = -1.79 to -0.21, p = 0.013, and SMD = − 1.90, 95%CI = -3.43 to -0.38, p = 0.01, Respectively). However, there was not any difference between patients with RAS and healthy controls in erythrocyte Catalase (SMD = − 0.71, 95%CI = -1.56–0.14, p = 0.10). The total antioxidant status (TAS) level, in serum was significantly lower in patients than healthy controls (SMD = − 0.98, 95%CI = -1.57 to -0.39, p = 0.001). In addition, RAS patients had higher levels of serum Malondialdehyde (MDA), Serum total oxidant status, and serum oxidative stress index than healthy controls (SMD = 2.11, 95%CI = 1.43–2.79, p < 0.001, SMD = 1.53, 95%CI = 0.34–2.72, p = 0.01, and SMD = 1.25, 95%CI = 0.25–2.25, p = 0.014, Respectively); However, salivary MDA and TAS, and serum uric acid, vitamin E and C, and reduced glutathione levels of patients with RAS were not different from that of healthy controls.ConclusionsThe relationship between oxidative stress and RAS is well established in this meta-analysis. Although the molecular processes underlying the etiology of this pathology remain unknown, evidence indicating oxidative stress has a significant role in the pathogenesis of RAS has been revealed.

Indicators of LPO and Antioxidant Protection in Rats During Long-Term Restriction of Motor Activity.

This article presents a comprehensive study of the parameters of LPO (concentrations of malondialdehyde, diene conjugates, and intensity of chemiluminescence) and antioxidant defense (concentrations of α-tocopherol, ceruloplasmin, total antioxidant activity, antiradical activity, and activities of antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) in blood plasma and erythrocytes of white male rats during restriction of motor activity up to 28 days. The patterns of changes in oxidative balance in hypokinesia in the form of intensification of LPO processes against the background of depletion of resources of antioxidant defense with maximum manifestation on days 14-21 of the experiment were revealed.

Total Antioxidant Capacity, Lipid Peroxidation, and Erythrocyte Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Subjects with Obesity: A Case-Control Study

Introduction: Considering that the prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically in recent years, one of the key targets of public health is obesity and its associated pathological conditions. Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress (OS) may be the mechanistic link between obesity and the development of metabolic and vascular diseases related to obesity. In this study, it was hypothesized that obesity would be associated with lipid peroxidation (LP) and antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes. Methods: In this case-control study, 80 subjects with obesity and 80 age- and gender-matched subjects with normal weight were selected from the health centers affiliated with Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Iran. General information was gathered from each participant using questionnaires. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as well as, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) activities underwent assessment. Results: The study sample consisted of 160 obese adults (42.5% males and 57.5% females, with a mean age of 41.0±7.6 years). Serum MDA levels (P=0.016) and erythrocyte SOD activity (P=0.013) were significantly higher in subjects with obesity compared to non-obese controls. Moreover, subjects with obesity had significantly lower serum TAC (P=0.008) in comparison to the controls. There were no significant differences in erythrocyte GPX and CAT activities between subjects with obesity and non-obese controls. Significant positive correlations were observed between body mass index (BMI) and serum MDA levels (r=-0.461, P&lt;0.001) and erythrocyte SOD activity (r=-0.442, P=0.002). Furthermore, a significant inverse correlation was found between BMI and serum TAC levels (r=-0.426, P=0.008). Conclusion: The present findings provide further evidence suggesting that obesity leads to substantial LP and OS, which, in turn, may contribute to the development of obesity-related diseases.

Arsenic exposure and increased C-reactive protein are independently associated with lower erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity in Bangladeshi children

Toxic metal contaminants present in food and water have widespread effects on health and disease. Chalcophiles, such as arsenic, cadmium, and mercury, show a high affinity to selenium and exposure to these metals could have a modulating effect on enzymes dependent on selenocysteine in their active sites. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of these metals on the activity of the selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) in erythrocytes of 100 children residing in rural Bangladesh, where drinking water often contains arsenic. GPX1 expression, as measured using high-throughput immunoblotting, showed little correlation with GPX activity (rs = 0.02, p = 0.87) in blood samples. Toxic metals and selenium measured in erythrocytes using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and C-reactive protein (CRP) measured in plasma, were all considered as effectors of this divergence in GPX enzymatic activity. Arsenic concentrations in erythrocytes were most influential for GPX1 activity (rs = −0.395, p < 0.0001), and CRP levels also negatively impacted GPX1 activity (rs = −0.443, p < 0.0001). These effects appear independent of each other as arsenic concentrations and CRP showed no correlation (rs = 0.124, p = 0.2204). Erythrocyte selenium, cadmium, and mercury did not show any correlation with GPX1 activity, nor with CRP or arsenic. Our findings suggest that childhood exposure to inorganic arsenic, as well as inflammation triggering the release of CRP, may negatively affect GPX1 activity in erythrocytes.

Oxidative stress markers cannot be used as endometriosis biomarkers in infertile patients

Objectives Endometriosis is a common benign gynaecological disease that significantly compromises the quality of life of patients. To date, invasive surgery is the method of choice to visually and histologically confirm endometriosis. Thus, there is a major interest to develop noninvasive diagnostic tools. Oxidative stress is one of the proposed mechanisms of pathogenesis and may be involved in pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility in endometriosis patients. Thus, markers of oxidative stress may serve as diagnostic biomarkers for endometriosis. Design This prospective case–control study assessed erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPX), serum hexanoyl lysine (HEL) and peritoneal fluid HEL. Participants/Materials, Setting, and Methods We enrolled 86 women with primary infertility; the case group included 57 women with endometriosis, and the control group included 29 women with unexplained primary infertility. All the patients underwent laparoscopy, and the diagnosis was confirmed histologically. RANDOX and RANSEL reagents were used to determine the levels of SOD and GPX, respectively, and ELISA was used to determine the levels of HEL. Results We found no statistically significant differences in the erythrocyte levels of GPX (p value 0.623) or SOD (p value 0.122) or the serum or peritoneal fluid levels of HEL (p value 0.562 and 0.329 accordingly). Conclusions SOD, GPX, and HEL levels most likely do not differ between patients with unexplained infertility and patients with endometriosis.

Supplementation of nano-selenium (SeNPs) improved growth, immunity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and selenium retention in broiler chicken during summer season.

The present experiment was aimed at finding the optimal supplemental dose of nano-selenium in broiler chicken during the summer season for better performance in terms of growth, blood metabolites, immune response, antioxidant status, and selenium concentration in vital organs. Three-hundred-day-old Vencobb broiler chicks were randomly distributed into five dietary treatment groups with six replicates of 10 chicks each. The dietary treatments were as follows: T1 (control group), basal diet; T2, basal diet with 0.0375ppm of nano-Se; T3, basal diet with 0.075ppm of nano-Se; T4, basal diet with 0.15ppm of nano-Se; T5, basal diet with 0.3ppm of nano-Se. The experiment was carried out for 35days. The average gain and feed conversion ratio were best observed in T4 and T5. The antibody titres were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the treated birds. At the 5th week, erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly (P < 0.05) higher and lipid peroxidation values were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in all the nano-Se-treated groups. The Se levels in the liver, breast muscle, kidney, brain, and gizzard were significantly (P < 0.05) increased with increased dietary nano-Se. Histological studies of the liver and kidney in the highest nano-Se-treated groups (T4 and T5) did not show any abnormal changes. It is concluded that supplementation of nano-selenium at 0.15ppm over and above the basal level improved the performance and protect the birds from summer stress without any adverse effect on the vital organs of chicken.

Association of Serum Selenium and Selenoprotein P with Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age which is characterized by various reproductive and metabolic disorders. Oxidative stress (OS) is now recognized to be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS which could be targeted in the management of PCOS-related complications. Selenium (Se), as an antioxidant trace element, has been shown to decrease in PCOS patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the Se and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) levels with OS markers in women with PCOS. In this cross-sectional study, 125 females aged 18-45 years diagnosed with PCOS were included. Demographic, clinical, and lifestyle information of participants were obtained using the relevant questionnaires. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure biochemical parameters. Serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase activities as well as anthropometric measurements were assessed across tertiles of serum concentrations of Se and SELENOP. Higher serum levels of Se were associated with higher serum TAC levels (β=0.42, P<0.001) and erythrocytes GPx activity (β=0.28, P=0.002) as well as with lower serum TBARS levels (β= -0.26, P=0.003). Similarly, higher serum levels of SELENOP were associated with higher TAC (β=0.32, P<0.001) and erythrocyte GPx activity (β=0.30, P=0.001). SELENOP also showed an inverse association with serum levels of TBARS (β= -0.40, P<0.001). Nevertheless, erythrocytes SOD and CAT activities showed no significant relationships with serum Se and SELENOP concentrations (all P>0.05). The present study found that serum Se and SELENOP levels were inversely associated with TBARS levels and positively associated with TAC levels and erythrocytes GPx activity.

Selenium Biomarkers and Their Relationship to Cardiovascular Risk Parameters in Obese Women.

A cross-sectional study was carried out with 210 women divided into a case group (obese, n = 84) and a control group (eutrophic, n = 126). Body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip and neck circumference were measured and the waist-hip ratio and conicity index were calculated. Selenium in plasma, erythrocytes and urine, erythrocyte GPx activity, lipid profile, Castelli I and II indices, and systolic and diastolic blood (DBP) pressure were evaluated. Mean dietary selenium intake (µg/kg/day) and plasma and erythrocyte concentrations were lower in the obese group compared to the healthy group (p < 0.001). while urinary selenium concentrations were higher (p < 0.001). There was a statistical difference between groups regarding cardiovascular risk parameters: waist circumference, neck circumference, waist-hip ratio, conicity index, triacylglycerols (TGC), and lipoproteins rich in triacylglycerols (VLDL-c) (p > 0.05). There was a negative correlation between plasma selenium concentrations and total cholesterol (TC), non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Urinary selenium correlated negatively with waist circumference and hip circumference and positively with neck circumference, TC, TGC, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), non-HDL, and VLDL-c. There was a negative correlation between dietary selenium and waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, neck circumference, conicity index, non-HDL cholesterol, LDL-c, and Castelli indices I and II, as well as a positive correlation with HDL-c and diastolic blood pressure. Women with obesity present changes in their nutritional status related to selenium, as well as increased cardiovascular risk parameters. Thus, the positive role of selenium in protecting the risk of cardiovascular disease is likely.

Inhibition of erythrocyte's catalase, glutathione peroxidase or peroxiredoxin 2 – Impact on cytosol and membrane

Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Prx2 (peroxiredoxin 2) are the main antioxidant enzymatic defenses of erythrocytes. They prevent and minimize oxidative injuries in red blood cell (RBC) components, which are continuously exposed to oxidative stress (OS). The crosstalk between CAT, GPx and Prx2 is still not fully disclosed, as well as why these typically cytoplasmic enzymes bind to the RBC membrane. Our aim was to understand the interplay between CAT, GPx and Prx2 in the erythrocyte's cytosol and membrane. Under specific (partial) inhibition of each enzyme and increasing H2O2-induced OS conditions, we evaluated the enzyme activities and amounts, the binding of CAT, GPx and Prx2 to RBC membrane, and biomarkers of OS, such as the reduced and oxidized glutathione levels, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, membrane bound hemoglobin and total antioxidant status. Our results support the hypothesis that when high levels of H2O2 get within the erythrocyte, CAT is the main player in the antioxidant protection of the cell, while Prx2 and GPx have a less striking role. Moreover, we found that CAT, appears to have more importance in the antioxidant protection of cytoplasm than of the membrane components, since when the activity of CAT is disturbed, GPx and Prx2 are both activated in the cytosol and mobilized to the membrane. In more severe OS conditions, the antioxidant activity of GPx is more significant at the membrane, as we found that GPx moves from the cytosol to the membrane, probably to protect it from lipid peroxidation.

Antioxidant activities of artesunate-procyanidin hybrid compound in erythrocyte and liver of Plasmodium berghei NK65-infected mice.

Resistance of malaria parasites to conventionally used antimalarial drugs has necessitated the search for new potent antimalarials, especially those that can also ameliorate oxidative stress-mediated secondary complications. This has led to the synthesis of an antimalarial artesunate-procyanidin hybrid compound (PC14), but it has not been evaluated for its antioxidant activity. This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activities of PC14 in the erythrocyte and liver of Plasmodium berghei NK65-infected mice. A hundred mice were randomly divided into 10 equal groups (A-J). Mice in Groups B-J were inoculated with P.berghei NK65 while group A mice were not inoculated. Starting from Day 3 post-inoculation, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (5%) was administered to mice in Groups A and B (normal and negative controls, respectively), while various doses of chloroquine, artesunate, procyanidin, and PC14 were administered to their respective groups for 3 days. Thereafter, antioxidant parameters were determined in the erythrocyte and liver on Days 6 and 10 post-inoculation. A significant increase (P < 0.05) was observed in malondialdehyde levels in the erythrocyte and liver of negative control on Day 10 post-inoculation compared to normal controls. Significant reduction (P < 0.05) was observed in activities of liver catalase and superoxide dismutase and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase of negative control on Days 6 and 10 compared to normal controls. However, PC14 at various doses significantly (P < 0.05) reversed these alterations. The results suggest that PC14 possesses antioxidant activity, and it enhanced antioxidant defense in the erythrocyte and liver of P.berghei-infected mice.

Зміна окремих показників еритроцитів крові щурів за впливу гістаміну і кверцетину

Зміна окремих показників еритроцитів крові щурів за впливу гістаміну і кверцетину

Decreased Activity of Erythrocyte Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase in Patients with Schizophrenia.

Background and Objectives: Catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are important antioxidant enzymes that break down hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in order to control its intracellular concentration, thus enabling its physiological role and preventing toxic effects. A lack or disruption of their function leads to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and the occurrence of oxidative stress. Accumulating studies have shown that the activities of key antioxidant enzymes are impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Since the published results are contradictory, and our previous studies found significantly higher erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in patients with schizophrenia, the aim of this study was to determine the activity of enzymes that degrade hydrogen peroxide in the same group of patients, as well as to examine their dependence on clinical symptoms, therapy, and parameters associated with this disease. Materials and Methods: Catalase and GPx activities were determined in the erythrocytes of 68 inpatients with schizophrenia and 59 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The clinical assessment of patients was performed by using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The catalase activity was measured by the kinetic spectrophotometric method, while the GPx activity was determined by the commercially available Ransel test. Results: Erythrocyte catalase and GPx activities were significantly lower (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively) in subjects with schizophrenia than they were in healthy individuals. Lower catalase activity does not depend on heredity, disease onset, the number of episodes, or disease duration, while GPx activity showed significant changes in patients who had more than one episode and in those who had been suffering from the disease for over a year. Significantly lower catalase activity was noted in the PANSS(+/−) group in comparison with the PANSS(+) and PANSS(−) groups. The lowest catalase activity was found in subjects who were simultaneously treated with first- and second-generation antipsychotics; this was significantly lower than it was in those who received only one class of antipsychotics. Conclusion: These results indicate the presence of oxidative stress in the first years of clinically manifested schizophrenia and its dependence on the number of psychotic episodes, illness duration, predominant symptomatology, and antipsychotic medication.

Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides may induce brain cancer through oxidative stress.

In this study, oxidative stress was investigated as the possible mechanism of action of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in primary brain tumors (PBT). The levels of seven OCP residues and enzymatic antioxidant biomarkers including erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) along with non-enzymatic oxidative biomarkers including malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured in blood samples of 73 patients with PBT and 104 healthy controls. A significant association was found between farming activities and PBT (55% of patients were engaged in farming activities while 45% had no farming experience). The mean levels of β-HCH, γ-HCH, 2,4 DDE, 4,4 DDE, 4,4 DDT, MDA, PC, NO, SOD, CAT, and GPx were significantly higher in PBT patients, whereas the levels of TAC, PON-1, and AChE were significantly lower in these patients. Regression analysis showed that PBT was correlated with β-HCH, γ-HCH, 2,4 DDE, 4,4 DDE, and 4,4 DDT. Based on these results, it can be concluded that OCPs and OPPs may play a role in PBT development through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoting oxidative stress.

Haematological Parameters and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Rugby Players

Background: Rugby is team sport and posses both running and contact play features. In a similar way as another sport producing both physical and psychological stress and both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, rugby induces intensive oxidative stress. This in turn decreases glutathione peroxidase activity. Furthermore, the complete blood count is severely altered by such a condition. Methods: Twelve Italian rugby players were studied. Subjects were studied in the morning of the day of the match and 10 min after the end of match. Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity was analyzed in control and athlete groups pre and post the rugby match both with and without in vitro addition of vitamin C. Using a Coulter counter, we measured red blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, white blood cell count, platelets, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils in 12 male athletes, who gave their informed consensus. Results: GPX data show that its activity is increased by the in vitro addition of Vitamin C (48mM final concentration), both in controls and rugby players. Haematological data describe the major alterations of particulate fraction of blood from rugby players before and after one match and confirm the structural damages in this fraction. GPX activity is worsened by this kind of strenuous exercise and ascorbic acid relieves such damage. Complete blood cell counts of athletes confirm blood cell damages. Conclusion: In summary rugby players show evident cell count derangements and water-soluble reducing Vitamin C relieves oxidative damages of samples from test subjects undergone to full match fatigue.

Effects of Calorie Restricted Diet on Oxidative/Antioxidative Status Biomarkers and Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.

Oxidative stress plays a fundamental role in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to investigate the effects of a calorie-restricted (CR) diet on oxidative/anti-oxidative status in patients with NAFLD and the potential mediating role of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) in this regard. This randomized, controlled clinical trial was carried out on sixty patients with NAFLD aged 20 to 60 years with body mass index (BMI) ranging from 25 to 35 kg/m2. Participants were randomly assigned to either the CR diet group (received a prescribed low-calorie diet for twelve weeks, n = 30) or the control group (n = 30). Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, and physical activity data were collected for all participants at baseline and at the end of the trial. Significant reductions in weight, BMI, waist circumference, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were observed in the CR diet group compared to the control group (all p < 0.05). Liver steatosis grade, serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and FGF-21, as well as erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities did not show significant changes in the CR group when compared to the controls at the end of the study (p > 0.05). CR diet with moderate weight loss has some favorable effects on NAFLD but was not able to modify oxidative/anti-oxidative status in these patients. Future studies are warranted to target the effects of long-term interventions with a greater weight loss in this patient population.

EVALUATION OF PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS AND ERYTHROCYTE ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES IN TYPE 2 DIABETICS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

Objective: Diabetes associated with high blood pressure and hyperhomocysteinemia are both the cause early and rapidly evolving vascular lesions. There are multiple mechanisms behind these lesions and still imperfectly known, but diabetes and hyperhomocysteinemia have many in common deleterious effects affecting hemostasis, and lipid peroxidation, suggesting that there may be a synergistic effect of these two pathologies. Currently, oxidative stress is recognized as an important factor involved in the degenerative complications of diabetes. The objective of our study is to assess the plasma homocysteine level and the activity erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in hypertensive women with type 2 diabetes. Design and method: Blood samples are from hypertensive women with type 2 diabetes (n = 36), and healthy female volunteers (n = 36). A blood sample is taken for the assay of plasma biochemical parameters (glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, plasma assay homocysteine, urea and creatinine) and markers of plasma oxidative stress. Enzyme activity antioxidant erythrocytes (dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase) is also determined. Results: Our results show that type 2 diabetes linked to hypertension causes complications metabolic resulting in hyperglycemia and glycated hemoglobin. However, the average of homocysteinemia is very high associated with hypercreatinemia and hyperuremia in diabetic women this can be explained by the marked presence of a hypertension. The activities of antioxidant enzymes: catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase are significantly reduced in diabetic patients compared to control values. Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus is associated with alterations in the antioxidant defense system which can worsen the complications of diabetes. A diet rich in vitamins (vitamins B - vitamins B6, B12 and B9 or folic acid) and management of the diabetic’s antioxidant status is necessary for avourable assessment of this pathology.

Improvement of Growth Performance, Hepatic and Erythrocyte Antioxidant Capacity, Innate Immunity, and Biochemical Parameters of Persian Sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, by Sulfur Amino Acids’ Supplementation

The present study was aimed at determining the effects of taurine and/or methionine addition to a plant-based diet on growth performance and immunological and antioxidant responses of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus. Four plant-based diets were formulated, including control (C), control+1 g/kg taurine (T), control+2 g/kg methionine (M), and control+1 g/kg taurine and 2 g/kg methionine (T+M). Fish were fed each diet in triplicate for 70 days, and growth performance, hematological, plasma biochemical, and immunological parameters, and hepatic and erythrocyte antioxidant parameters were determined after that. Dietary taurine or methionine supplementation significantly increased growth performance, hematological parameters, antioxidant enzymes’ activities, plasma lysozyme, alternative complement, and total immunoglobulin but decreased plasma alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase activities, and malondialdehyde. Interaction additive effects of dietary taurine and methionine were observed in erythrocyte count, hematocrit, alternative complement, total immunoglobulin, hepatic malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. In conclusion, dietary taurine (1 g/kg) and methionine (2 g/kg) supplementation is necessary to support higher growth rate, immunological responses, and antioxidant capacity in Persian sturgeon, when fed a plant-based diet. According to the present results, the highest performance is obtained when both amino acids are simultaneously added to the fish diet.