Glutathione Peroxidase Levels Research Articles

Transcriptomic analysis reveals nanoplastics-induced apoptosis, autophagy and immune response in Litopenaeus vannamei

Increasing attention is being paid to the toxic physiological effects of nanoplastics (NPs) on aquatic organisms. However, few studies have systematically evaluated the regulatory mechanisms of NPs on immune response in crustaceans. In this study, a 28-day chronic exposure experiment was conducted in which shrimps were exposed to various 80-nm polystyrene NPs concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 5 and 10 mg/L). Transcriptomic analysis was used to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of NPs in immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei. With increasing NPs concentration, the total hemocyte count (THC) content decreased, while phagocytosis rate (PR) and respiratory burst (RB) showed trends of first rising and then falling. High concentration (10 mg/L) of NPs caused the destruction of hepatopancreas tissue structure, the shedding of microvilli, the increase number of hepatocyte apoptosis and autophagy structure. With increasing NPs concentration, the lysozyme (Lys), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities first increased and then decrease, while contents of lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde increased; the expression levels of Toll, MyD88, GPx, SOD, proPO, Lys, and ALF generally increased at first and then decreased. Transcriptional sequencing analysis showed that the pathway of differentially expressed genes in KEGG enrichment mainly included lysosome (ko04142), apoptosis (ko04210) pathways, indicating that the NPs mainly affected the immune regulatory mechanism. Further analysis by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed that the up-regulation pathways of NPs activation mainly included immune response-related pathways such as mitochondrial autophagy, DNA repair, autophagosomes signaling pathway. Our results indicated that NPs exposure induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy in shrimps. This study provides a basis for further understanding of the mechanisms of antioxidant immune regulation by NPs in shrimp and may serve as a reference for healthy ecological culture of shrimp.

Fucoidan Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth Through Modulation of Different Cell Deaths.

Docetaxel (DOC) is the main chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of advanced metastatic prostate cancer. Docetaxel shows anticancer effects by preventing the depolymerization of microtubules in the cell, therefore preventing cell division. However, the low survival effect of docetaxel has prompted researchers to search for novel therapeutic agents. Fucoidan (FUC) is a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown algae. It has many bioactivities which makes fucoidan a promising anticancer agent. In this study, the potential anti-tumorigenic and preventive effects of fucoidan with or without docetaxel in prostate cancer were investigated by analyzing different cell death modalities. The in-vivo six groups (n = 8) were conducted; preventive (Pt), docetaxel treated after preventive (Pt-D), control, fucoidan (FUC), docetaxel (DOC), and FUC and DOC (FUC+DOC) combination. Apoptotic, necroptotic, and autophagic cell death-related protein expressions were assessed in tumor tissues by using immunohistochemical staining. Oxidative stress-related lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione levels were also determined in tumor tissues. Although apoptotic, necroptotic, and autophagic cell deaths were significantly induced in agent-treated groups compared to the control. Apoptotic cell death was more significantly induced in FUC and FUC+DOC-treated groups. Necroptotic cell death was increased considerably by inducing MLKL protein expression in all treatment groups. In the FUC, Pt, and DOC groups, LC3A/B expressions were significantly increased. DOC, FUC+DOC, and Pt-D treatments caused a significant increase in Beclin-1 expression. Oxidative stress-related MDA, GPX, and GSH levels significantly decreased with FUC treatment. The anti-tumorigenic effects of FUC and DOC were also demonstrated through tumor size reduction. According to the findings of this study, FUC inhibited tumor growth temporally and dimensionally, especially in preventive applications. FUC and FUC+DOC combinations in both treatment groups showed anti-tumorigenic effects. The results of this study suggest that fucoidan is a promising anticancer agent against prostate cancer. FUC can be considered as a preventive or treatment agent in prostate cancer therapy with DOC. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the mechanism of action of fucoidan in metastatic prostate cancer.

Effect of berberine on the hippocampal structure, biochemical factors, memory, and blood-brain barrier in rat model of transient global cerebral ischemia.

Global cerebral ischemia (GCI) results in damage to the neurons and leads to cognitive impairments. Berberine (BBR) is known for its neuroprotective qualities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of BBR on memory, Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, biochemical factors, and neuronal structure. Sixty-three adult male Wistar rats were divided randomly into Sham (21), GCI (21), and GCI + BBR (21) groups. The GCI + BBR group received 50 mg/kg of BBR for 7 days before and 6 h after 20 min of GCI induction. After 24 h, assessments included hippocampal neuronal structure, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels, memory performance, and BBB permeability. The GCI + BBR group reduced volume loss in the CA1 and its sublayers (oriens, pyramidal, and radiatum) compared to the GCI group (p < 0.0001, p < 0.001, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Additionally, the GCI + BBR group showed higher pyramidal neuron density (p < 0.0001) and number (p < 0.0001) compared to the GCI group. BBR also decreased MDA levels (p < 0.0001) and increased CAT activity (p < 0.0001) in the GCI + BBR group compared to the GCI group, with GPX and SOD activity approaching Sham levels (p < 0.0001, both). BBR demonstrated significant improvements in short and long-term memory compared to the GCI group (p < 0.01, p < 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, BBB permeability in the GCI + BBR group was significantly reduced compared to the GCI group (p < 0.0001). These findings demonstrated BBR's potential to protect the neurons in the CA1 and BBB structures, enhance antioxidant activity, and alleviate GCI-induced memory impairments.

Astragalus polysaccharide alleviates IL-13-induced oxidative stress injury in nasal epithelial cells by inhibiting WTAP-mediated FBXW7 m6A modification

Abstract Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) a common and complicated upper airway disease mediated by specific IgE antibodies. Our study aims to explore the pharmacological effects of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on AR and elucidate the mechanisms involved. Methods RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to analyze mRNA and protein expression. Interleukin (IL)-13-treated human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) was employed as the AR cell model. Cell apoptosis and viability were evaluated by TUNEL staining and MTT assay, respectively. ROS level was examined by the DCFH-DA probe. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by the corresponding kits. FBXW7 m6A modification level was assessed by MeRIP assay. Methods Our results showed that APS treatment reduced cell apoptosis, ROS, and MDA levels while increasing SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px levels in IL-13-treated hNECs by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Moreover, APS alleviated IL-13-induced oxidative stress injury in hNECs by downregulating WTAP. In addition, WTAP knockdown increased FBXW7 mRNA stability by regulating FBXW7 mRNA m6A modification. It also turned out that APS alleviated IL-13-induced oxidative stress injury in hNECs through the WTAP/FBXW7 axis. Conclusions Taken together, APS inhibited WTAP-mediated FBXW7 m6A modification to alleviate IL-13-induced oxidative stress injury in hNECs.

Korean Mint (Agastache rugosa) Extract and Its Bioactive Compound Tilianin Alleviate Muscle Atrophy via the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3 Pathway in C2C12 Myotubes.

Skeletal muscle atrophy, which is characterized by diminished muscle mass, strength, and function, is caused by malnutrition, physical inactivity, aging, and diseases. Korean mint (Agastache rugosa Kuntze) possesses various biological functions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antiosteoporosis activities. Moreover, it contains tilianin, which is a glycosylated flavone that exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective activities. However, no studies have analyzed the inhibitory activity of A. rugosa extract (ARE) and tilianin on muscle atrophy. Thus, the present study investigated the potential of ARE and tilianin on muscle atrophy and their underlying mechanisms of action in C2C12 myotubes treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The results showed that ARE and tilianin promoted the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway, thereby activating mammalian target of rapamycin (a protein anabolism-related factor) and its downstream factors. Moreover, ARE and tilianin inhibited the mRNA expression of muscle RING-finger protein-1 and atrogin-1 (protein catabolism-related factors) by blocking Forkhead box class O3 translocation. ARE and tilianin also mitigated inflammatory responses by downregulating nuclear factor-kappa B expression levels, thereby diminishing the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and interleukin-6. Additionally, ARE and tilianin enhanced the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Overall, these results suggest that ARE and tilianin are potential functional ingredients for preventing or improving muscle atrophy.

Ameliorative Effect of Justicia carnea Methanol Leaf Extract against Nephrotoxicity in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

This study investigated the antioxidant capabilities of methanol extract from Justicia carnea leaves in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats, emphasizing its nephroprotective potential. Thirty-six (36) Wistar albino rats were randomized into six (6) groups (n=6/group). Group 1 served as the normal control, while groups 2-6 were induced with diabetes using 50 mg/kg of STZ intraperitoneally. Group 2 remained untreated, group 3 received 50 mg/kg body weight of Metformin, and groups 4, 5, and 6 were administered 100, 200, and 500 mg/kg body weight of the methanol Justicia carnea extract, respectively. Parameters assessed included fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight changes, acute toxicity, and oxidative stress markers. Acute toxicity testing indicated no deaths at 5000 mg/kg of the extract. The extract significantly lowered FBG levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats (p &lt; 0.05). The control group exhibited the highest weight gain compared to the treated groups (p &lt; 0.05). Treatment with the extract notably increased catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels, while decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (p &lt; 0.05) compared to diabetic controls. Overall, the methanol extract of Justicia carnea ameliorated oxidative stress in the kidneys of diabetic Wistar rats, suggesting its potential to mitigate nephrotoxicity associated with type I diabetes-induced kidney damage. These findings underscore its therapeutic promise in combating oxidative stress-related complications of diabetes.

Protective Role of Doxofylline against Cyclophosphamide-induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats

Background: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used anticancer and immunosuppressant drug. However, CP's significant toxicities and adverse effects restrict its clinical use. Doxofylline (DF) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: To determine the protective effect of doxofylline on rats exposed to a single dose of CP. Methods: We randomly assigned thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats to three groups. On the sixth day, the apparently healthy control group (AH) received normal saline; the induction group (IN) received normal saline and a single dose of CP (100 mg/kg); and the DF group received DF (50 mg/kg) and a single dose of CP (100 mg/kg). Treatment in all groups was given once daily and intraperitoneally. At the end of treatment, caudal fluid is used to determine sperm parameters. A blood sample was taken to determine the testosterone levels. We determined the levels of testicular glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde. The testes were harvested, allowing for histological examination. Results: Sperm parameters, testosterone and oxidative stress markers were notably declining in testicular tissue among the IN compared with AH, although these measures can be markedly improved with DF. Histopathological analysis revealed a substantial change in the testicular tissue structure in the CP group, although doxofylline co-treatment significantly attenuated and even reversed these changes. Conclusions: Doxofylline may function as a protective agent, mitigating the testicular damage caused by CP therapy in rats. The proposed process may be attributed to its phosphodiesterase inhibitory and antioxidant properties.

Enhancing cowpea wilt resistance: insights from gene coexpression network analysis with exogenous melatonin treatment

BackgroundCowpea wilt is a harmful disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum, leading to substantial losses in cowpea production. Melatonin reportedly regulates plant immunity to pathogens; however the specific regulatory mechanism underlying the protective effect of melatonin pretreated of cowpea against Fusarium oxysporum remains known. Accordingly, the study sought to evaluate changes in the physiological and biochemical indices of cowpea following melatonin treated to facilitate Fusarium oxysporum resistance and elucidate the associated molecular mechanism using a weighted gene coexpression network.ResultsTreatment with 100 µM melatonin was effective in increasing cowpea resistance to Fusarium oxysporum. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT), and salicylic acid (SA) levels were significantly upregulated, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were significantly downregulated in melatonin treated samples in roots. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis of melatonin- and Fusarium oxysporum-treated samples identified six expression modules comprising 2266 genes; the number of genes per module ranged from 9 to 895. In particular, 17 redox genes and 32 transcription factors within the blue module formed a complex interconnected expression network. KEGG analysis revealed that the associated pathways were enriched in secondary metabolism, peroxisomes, phenylalanine metabolism, flavonoids, and flavonol biosynthesis. More specifically, genes involved in lignin synthesis, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase were upregulated. Additionally, exogenous melatonin induced activation of transcription factors, such as WRKY and MYB.ConclusionsThe study elucidated changes in the expression of genes associated with the response of cowpea to Fusarium oxysporum under melatonin treated. Specifically, multiple defence mechanisms were initiated to improve cowpea resistance to Fusarium oxysporum.

High-Intensity Interval Training Ameliorates Tramadol-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Experimental Rats.

Tramadol (TRA) is an opioid analgesic widely prescribed for moderate-to-severe pain; however, its abuse and chronic use have been associated with kidney damage. Considering the protective role of exercise training in reducing organ damage, this study aimed to assess the influence of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on a male rat's kidney following chronic TRA administration. In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats were assigned to the following groups: control (CON; animals received normal saline five days a week in the first month and three days a week in the second month), exercise (EXE; animals conducted HIIT training according to exercise protocol five days a week for two months), TRA (animals received TRA 50 mg/kg (i.p.) as described for the CON group), EXE-TRA (animals received TRA and conducted exercise protocol), and EXE-SL (animals received normal saline and conducted exercise protocol). Then, serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and levels of albumin, urea, and creatinine (CR), along with pathological changes in the kidney, were measured. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant using GraphPad Prism v.9 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, California, USA). The inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly increased in the EXE and EXE-TRA groups compared to the TRA group. Chronic administration of TRA in the TRA group decreased antioxidant indicators TAC, GPx, and SOD in kidney tissue while increasing oxidative stress MDA compared to the CON group (p<0.05). In contrast, the EXE-TRA group showed higher levels of TAC, GPx, and SOD, while MDA decreased compared to the TRA group. Additionally, serum levels of urea and CR were increased in the TRA group compared to the CON group, whereas these levels were decreased in the EXE-TRA group compared to the TRA group. The inflammatory effect of HIIT training, due to severe hyperemia and mild inflammatory cell infiltration, was seen in all EXE groups. Pathological findings confirmed TRA-induced kidney damage through moderate hyaline cast presence and severe apoptosis in the TRA group. Other findings were in line with the above results. These findings confirm the nephrotoxicity of chronic use of TRA through biochemical and oxidative markers and pathological outcomes. In addition, the result suggests that HIIT has the potential to mitigate the detrimental effects of TRA through reversing biochemical and oxidative markers, including TRA-induced apoptosis. Consequently, considering its restorative properties, HIIT could be explored as a prospective nephroprotective approach for long-term TRA treatment.

Synergistic protective effects of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol and hydroxytyrosol in male rats against induced heat stress-induced reproduction damage

Testicular heat stress disrupts spermiogenesis and damages testicular tissue. The study aims to assess 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) from olive oil as antioxidants to reduce heat-induced testicular damage. Seven groups of 35 male rats were used. Group I got normal saline. Group 2 had HS (43 °C for 20 min/day) and normal saline for 60 days. Groups 3–7 had HS and DHPG/HT doses (0.5 mg/kg DHPG, 1 mg/kg DHPG, 5 mg/kg HT, 0.5 mg/kg DHPG + 5 mg/kg HT, and 1 mg/kg DHPG + 5 mg/kg HT). The evaluation included tests on testicular tissue, sperm quality, oxidative status, gene activity, and fertility after 60 days. After DHPG and HT treatment, sperm motility, viability, and plasma membrane functionality, as well as levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), and Bcl-2 gene expression, and in vivo fertility indexes increased. Meanwhile, abnormal morphology and DNA damage decreased, along with levels of glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 gene expression, compared to the HS group. The study found that DHPG and HT have a more substantial synergistic effect when used together, improving reproductive health.

Dose-dependent protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG against stress-induced ulcer.

Stress-related diseases are on the rise and stress is one of the common factors that lead to ulcer. Stress-induced mucosal bleeding is a serious complication observed in many critically ill patients. Due to the harmful side effects of proton pump inhibitors, natural and active alternative treatment methods for peptic ulcer treatment that are safe in terms of side effects are an urgent need for human health. We aimed to investigate the dose-dependent protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) against stress ulcer induced by cold restraint stress in rats. This study was performed in a total of 42 rats, in control group (C), stress group (S), pantoprazole (20 mg kg-1 day-1) group (P), LGG (3 × 108 cfu mL-1 day-1) + stress group (M1), LGG (15 × 108 mL-1 day-1) + stress group (M5) and LGG (30 × 108 mL-1 day-1) + stress group (M10) (each n = 7). Ulceration areas (mm2) were determined quantitatively with ImageJ software. Glucocorticoid, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were determined by ELISA and malondialdehyde levels were determined by spectrophotometric measurement. Histopathological examinations were performed in gastric tissue. Therapeutic dose of LGG increased CAT, SOD and GPx levels; prevented excessive activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; reduced ulceration and bleeding in the gastric mucosal layer; and provided stabilization of mast cells. We can suggest that LGG may be beneficial for reducing the negative effects of stress on the body, for protecting against ulcer disease and for reducing or preventing the risk of stress-induced gastrointestinal bleeding in patients staying in intensive care units. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Evaluation of enzymatic antioxidant activity and reproductive hormones near and after lambing in pregnant ewes

The current study examined the levels of antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) and repro ductive hormones (progesterone, estrogen, and cortisol) in pregnant local breed ewes and after lambing in the Basrah governorate. Twenty ewes were used in this study from several fields in the Basrah gov ernorate. Blood sample collection was done in three different periods, pre-lambing, immediately after lambing, and two weeks after lambing. The result showed a significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) in SOD, CAT, and GSH-px activity before and during lambing compared to after lambing. The results also con firmed a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in the level of GSH pre and during lambing compared to after lambing. While evaluating, the level of MDA revealed a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in its level dur ing lambing compared to two weeks after lambing. Hormonal analysis showed a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in the levels of cortisol and estradiol pre and during lambing compared to after lambing, with a significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) in the levels of progesterone after lambing compared to before lambing. This study concluded that during lambing, ewes were under stress factors, and an internal mechanism represented by enzymatic antioxidants like SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px acted actively during this period to neutralize the side effects of stress.

Attenuation of Cadmium Toxicity by Methanol Extracts of Rauvolfia vomitoria and Aframomum melegueta leaves

Highlights:1. This study provides insight into the detrimental effect of cadmium exposure on mammalian cells using a murine model.2. The co-administration of Rauvolfia vomitoria and Aframomum melegueta leaf extracts is more effective in ameliorating cadmium-induced toxicity than a single administration of each plant extract.3. The co-administration of Rauvolfia vomitoria and Aframomum melegueta plant extracts can upregulate the expression of IL-10 and reverse the derangements in the TNF-α, IL-6, SOD, and GPX levels. Abstract Cadmium has long been known to be an environmental pollutant that can harm human health, with toxicity majorly affecting the kidneys and liver. This study aimed to investigate the mitigating potential of methanol extracts of Rauvolfia vomitoria and Aframomum melegueta leaves in cadmium-induced liver toxicity. Twenty-five male adult Wistar rats, averagely weighing 200 g, were randomly allocated into five groups, each comprising five rats. Group 1 was unexposed to any substances and only received distilled water. Group 2 was given cadmium at a standard dose of 12 mg/kg bw. Groups 3, 4, and 5 received 12 mg/kg bw of cadmium, and each group was treated with 200 mg/kg bw of Rauvolfia vomitoria leaf extract, Aframomum melegueta leaf extract, and a combination of both extracts, respectively. After 28 days, the animals were euthanized to obtain their livers, which were then excised and processed for histopathological, mRNA expression, and biochemical analyses. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data, and Duncan multiple tests were employed to compare the categorical variables (p&lt;0.05). The results revealed elevated levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) in the rats treated with Rauvolfia vomitoria and Aframomum melegueta extracts when compared to Group 2. On the other hand, the treatment groups exhibited a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, along with significantly elevated levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Group 5 showed a normal liver histoarchitecture similar to Group 1, reversing the histopathological abnormalities shown in Group 2. In conclusion, the co-administrative treatment using Rauvolfia vomitoria and Aframomum melegueta extracts reversed the cadmium-induced toxicity better than using each plant extract individually. This further suggests that Rauvolfia vomitoria and Aframomum melegueta leaf methanol extracts may ameliorate the effects of cadmium-induced toxicity, including reducing oxidative stress and fortifying the anti-oxidant system.

Gastroprotective effect of SKM-Gelcocid suspension on indomethacin induced gastric ulcer in female Wistar rats

Background: Peptic ulcer causes painful ulcers or lesions in the stomach or duodenum. It is also known as a gastric ulcer, which is damage to the gastric wall or lower portion of the esophagus. In the allopathic system, many medications such as H2 receptor antagonists, and anti-H. pylori, proton pump inhibitors, and others with rapid therapeutic activities were utilized to treat peptic ulcers.Purpose: The main aim of this work is to report an in-vivo gastro protective investigation of Saminathapuram Karuppana Gounder Maeilanandhan- Gelcocid suspension (SKM-GS), an Ayurveda formulation, using indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer rats.Study Design and Methods: In the present study we have reported the gastroprotective effect of SKM-GS, an Ayurveda formulation. Indicators such as gastric ulcer area, ulcer index, gastric wall mucus, non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH), and anti-oxidant enzymes secreted by treatment with SKM-GS on Indomethacin-induced ulcers in female Wistar rats.Result: The results showed a significant (p>0.001) reduction in gastric ulcer area, ulcer index, and an increase in ulcer preventive index. It further revealed an increase in gastric wall mucus and NP-SH secretion. Treatment with SKM-GS showed decreased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased levels of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes in the indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer rats. Female Wistar rats when treated with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of SKM-GS identical to Lansoprazole (Lanso) showed an increase in gastroprotective activity in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: The SKM-GS's gastro-protective properties were similar to the well-known anti-ulcer, Lansoprazole. These effects may be due to antioxidant activity.

Autologous Platelet-Rich Gel Accelerates Diabetic Wound Healing Through Inhibition of Ferritinophagy.

Aims: The objective was to examine the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich gel (APG) in treating diabetic wound and investigate the association between APG and ferritinophagy. Methods: A total of 32 patients with diabetic foot (DF) and Wagner grade 1 to 2 were included. Within the APG group, individuals with DF received weekly APG treatment. In the non-APG group, DF patients received daily dressing changes. Flow cytometry quantified the proportion of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in peripheral blood on days 0 and 10. The diabetic rat model was induced using Streptozotocin. Two circular skin wounds were created on the backs of rats. The normal glucose group received daily dressing changes on the wound. In the diabetic group, the left wound underwent daily dressing changes, whereas the right wound was treated with APG once a week. CD34 levels were tested 7 days after the skin damage. The levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 4 (NCOA4), Light chain 3 (LC3), and Masson staining were quantified on 14 days. The wound area and wound healing rate were separately measured at 0 and 14 days after the injury, regardless of DF patients or diabetic rats. Results: The wound healing rate was higher in the APG group than in the non-APG group, regardless of DF patients or diabetic rats. The APG group had a greater ΔEPCs% in DF patients than the non-APG group. Regarding rat experiment, the APG group exhibited lower levels of NCOA4, and LC3 expressions and a shorter wound healing time. However, the APG group showed higher levels of CD34 expression, GPX4 protein, and collagen fibers than the non-APG group. Conclusions: Autologous platelet-rich gel accelerated the wound healing rate in diabetic populations and rats. Autologous platelet-rich gel promoted EPCs counts, collagen fiber volume, and vessel numbers. Autologous platelet-rich gel decreased LC3 and NCOA4 expression, but increased GPX4 protein expression. The possible mechanism was the inhibition of ferritinophagy.

Evaluation Of Some Biochemical Parameters In Patients With Breast Cancer In Basrah Governorate

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed life-threatening cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer death among women. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women . In Iraq, breast cancer is the commonest type of female malignancy, ac-counting for approximately one-third of the registered female cancers according to the latest Iraqi Cancer Registry. In this study, patients and volunteers from Basrah Governorate (southern Iraq) participated. A total of fifty five participants were subdivided into two groups, breast cancer patients 35 aged (20-60) years, and 20 healthy individuals (control group) aged (20-60) years. Serum levels of Estrogen , Progesterone , glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase , immunoglobulinG , immunoglobulinM and cancer antigen 15-3 were measured by standard methods. The study reported that Progesterone and IgG were statistically significant (p˂0.05) in patients with breast cancer compared to healthy control . Estrogen, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were statistically very high significant (p ≤0.0001) in patients with breast cancer compared to healthy control .There was very high significant positive correlation between estrogen and IgM (p ≤0.0001) .

Effects of ferroptosis-related gene HSPB1 on acute myeloid leukemia.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of ferroptosis-related gene heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) on acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The RNA-seq and clinical data of AML samples were obtained from the Genomic Data Commons database, and the FerrDb database was used to screen the marker, drive and suppressor of ferroptosis. Besides, DESeq2 was applied for differential expression analysis on AML samples and screening for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The screened DEGs were subjected to the intersection analysis with ferroptosis-related genes to identify the ferroptosis-related DEGs. Next, the functional pathways of ferroptosis-related DEGs were further be discussed by Gene Ontology as well as Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis of DEGs. Additionally, lasso regression analysis was employed to determine the differential genes related to prognosis in patients with AML and the survival analysis was performed. Subsequently, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of HSPB1 in normal/AML bone marrow tissues and human normal (HS-5)/AML (HL-60) bone marrow cells, respectively. Furthermore, HSPB1 was knocked down to assess the expression changes of glutathione peroxidase 4 and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4. Ultimately, the viability and oxidative stress levels of HL-60 were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 and biochemical detection. A total of 4986 DEGs were identified in AML samples, with 3324 up-regulated and 1662 down-regulated. The enrichment analysis illustrated that ferroptosis-related DEGs were significantly enriched in response to metal irons, oxidative stress, and other pathways. After lasso regression analysis, 17 feature genes related to the prognosis of patients with AML were obtained, with HSPB1 exhibiting a significant correlation. The reliability of our models was verified by Cox regression analysis and survival analysis of the hazard model. Furthermore, the outcomes of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot showed that mRNA and protein expression levels of HSPB1 were significantly increased in the AML Group and HL-60 cells. The knockdown of HSPB1 in HL-60 cells reduced the protein level of glutathione peroxidase 4, increased the protein level of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4, decreased the cell viability, and aggravated oxidative stress. Ferroptosis-related gene HSPB1 is highly expressed in patients with AML. In addition, HSPB1 may be involved in the occurrence and development of AML by regulating oxidative stress and ferroptosis-related pathways. This study provides new clues for further understanding of AML molecular mechanisms. Also, HSPB1 is expected to be a potential therapeutic target for AML in the future.

Intravesical Instillation of Hyaluronic Acid With Epidermal Growth Factor for Restoring Urothelial Denudation and Alleviating Oxidative Stress in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Interstitial Cystitis of Rats.

To investigate the efficacy of an intravesical instillation of hyaluronic acid (HA) combined with epidermal growth factor (EGF) for the treatment of interstitial cystitis (IC) using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IC animal model. A total of 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to 4 groups: sham control, IC, HA, and treatment (HA/ EGF) groups. A polyethylene-50 tube was placed inside the bladder of each animal. IC was induced by twice-weekly instillations of LPS for 3 weeks, which resulted in chronic injury of the urothelium. Animals in the sham control group only received saline instillation. Treatment solutions of HA and HA/EGF were given on days 0, 7, and 14 after IC induction (400 μL of HA in a concentration of 0.4 mg/0.5 mL and 400 μL of NewEpi, a commercialized HA/EGF mixture containing 2 μg of EGF and 0.4 mg of sodium hyaluronate). Animals were sacrificed on day 21 for further examinations. The HA/EGF group showed visible improvement in hematuria with a significant reduction of red blood cells in the urine compared to the HA group. Histological examination revealed that HA/EGF treatment reversed the abnormalities developed in IC, including infiltration of inflammatory cells, irregular re-epithelialization, and fibrotic tissue. Moreover, HA/ EGF significantly reduced the levels of proinflammation cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-1β) and substantially lowered the elevated oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde, yet restored the levels of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, with superior results than HA treatment. Cystometry studies indicated that HA/EGF significantly prolonged intercontraction interval and increased micturition volume. HA/EGF has been demonstrated as a more effective treatment for enhancing the urothelium lining and reducing inflammatory changes to alleviate clinical symptoms associated with IC in rats, compared to HA alone.

Protective effect of quercetin on carp cardiac damage caused by difenoconazole via alleviating oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis

Pollution of aquatic environment by difenoconazole (DFZ) significantly affects survival and safety of freshwater aquaculture. Due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, plant-derived quercetin (QUE) is often used as a dietary supplement. The main purpose of this study was to explore the protective effect of QUE on heart damage caused by exposure to pesticide DFZ and the potential mechanisms of these effects. This study found that QUE could effectively reduce the myocardial enzyme spectrum index of carp after exposure to DFZ, increase the levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT), inhibit the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), and increase the transcription levels of superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px), and cat. By reducing the expression of keap1, QUE increased the transcription levels of nrf2 and nqo-1, reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the heart after exposure to DFZ, and restored the redox homeostasis of the heart. QUE upregulated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines il-10 and tgf-β1 levels, downregulated the transcription levels of pro-inflammatory factor inos, il-1β, il-6 and tnf-α, and alleviated the in vivo redox imbalance caused by exposure to DFZ, leading to myocardial interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration. The results showed that QUE inhibited the apoptosis after exposure to DFZ by affecting the expression of apoptotic factors in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In summary, QUE can effectively decrease myocardial injury caused by exposure to DFZ in aquatic environment.

The effects of Artemisia annua nutritional supplementation at varying concentrations on broiler growth, economic yield, and gene expression levels of certain antioxidant, inflammatory, and immune genes.

Artemisia annua (AA), used as a growth promoter in poultry, lowers feed costs and enhances economic efficiency. This study aimed to assess the impact of varying AA concentrations on broiler chicken growth, gene expression, and profitability. Two hundred 1-day-old male Cobb chicks were randomly allocated into four treatment groups, each containing five replicates and 10 birds. The experimental groups consisted of G1 (basal diet), G2 (basal diet with 0.3% AA), G3 (basal diet with 0.6% AA), and G4 (basal diet with 0.9% AA). The birds had continuous access to feed and water throughout the study. The experiment lasted for 42 days. We measured the growth performance (Feed intake, Life weight), carcass traits (weight after slaughter, dressed carcass, heart, gizzard, spleen, giblet and thymus weight), liver and spleen antioxidants (CAT, GSH, SOD), and gene expression of anti-inflammatory and immune- related genes. The primary findings revealed that the addition of 0.6% AA had a positive impact (p < 0.05) on all investigated variables compared with the control and other groups. Dietary supplementation with 0.6% AA led to increased breast, giblet, skeleton, and total yield, and net return compared with the control group. Supplementation with AA exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunological effects through improved levels of antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in tissue homogenates of the liver and spleen. It also upregulated the relative messenger RNA levels of anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, whereas IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were downregulated. The study found that AA is a promising replacement for antibiotics in poultry farming as a growth promoter for chickens. 0.6% AA in the broiler diet yielded the best results, striking a balance between superior performance and robust economic benefits.