Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity Research Articles

Effect of Avarai Kudineer on α- Amylase and α- Glucosidase Inhibition: A Preclinical Antidiabetic Study

In recent years there has been a mounting interest towards the traditional medicine globally for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Avarai Kudineer (AK) is a Siddha classical polyherbal formulation that has been indicated for the management of Diabetes mellitus in Siddha literature. The goal of the present study is to provide an in-vitro evidence for the antidiabetic potential of Avarai Kudineer in terms of inhibiting the carbohydrate digesting enzymes alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase. Aavirai Kudineer (1/4) was prepared by boiling the ingredients weighed 20g in 80ml and reduced to 20ml and filtered according to the decoction preparation method as indicted in the Siddha literature. The filtrate was dissolved in DMSO to make stock solution and serially diluted to make different concentrations ranging from 10,20,40,80 and 100 µg/ml. The triplicates (n=3) were maintained. The invitro alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzyme inhibition of AK sample was compared with standard drug acarbose and the IC 50 value was calculated.The data was statistically analysed and expressed as Mean ± SD (n=3). The results showed that AK had maximum activity towards the inhibition of the enzyme alpha amylase (59.83± 7.10) and alpha glucosidase (71.94 ± 1.22) when compared with the standard acarbose81.42± 5.51 and 91.59 ±12.79respectively. The results reveal that the test drug AK has appreciable alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Antioxidant and ?-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Phenolic Compounds Isolated from the Aerial Parts of Ampelocissus africanus

a peer-reviewed, open access online international journal which publishes original research papers. The journal welcomes submission from scholars and experts for possible publication from all over the world. The scope of the journal includes: Pharmaceutical research, chemistry and biochemistry of naturally occurring compounds, biological evaluation of crude extracts, ethnomedicine, traditional and complementary medicine, ethnopharmacology, biomedical research, Biotechnology, Evaluation of natural substances of land and sea and of plants, microbes and animals, pharmacognosy, bioavailability, clinical, pharmacological, toxicological studies and pharmacokinetics of phytochemicals, Isolation and characterization of compounds, structure elucidation, synthesis and experimental biosynthesis of natural Product as well as developments of methods in these areas are welcomed in the journal.

COMPARISON OF α –GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF Moringa oleifera ETHANOLIC EXTRACT

The purpose of this research was to determine the α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity of Moringa oleifera plant samples collected from the three geographical areas viz., Saragi, Bacuhau, and Batumatongka of Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia. Ethanol extract of Moringa leaves was prepared by the maceration method using 95% ethanol. The estimation of α –glucosidase inhibitory activity of this extract was performed in vitro. The results of the study showed that ethanolic extract of three Moringa samples i.e. Sarangi, Bacuhau, and Batumatongka had the IC50value of 18.62, 10.18, 10.58 ppm, respectively while IC50value for the acarbose positive control was reported 11.54ppm. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that ethanolic extract of Moringa could inhibit α –glucosidase and this potential was similar to the commercial α –glucosidase inhibitor acarbose.

Polyphenol content and pharmacological activities of Capsicum frutescens and C. chinense genotypes

Abstract. Sahid ZD, Syukur M, Maharijaya A, Nurcholis W. 2021. Polyphenol content and pharmacological activities of Capsicum frutescens and C. chinense genotypes. Biodiversitas 22: 3838-3843. Chili is a horticultural crop with potential as a functional food crop. This is because chili has beneficial biochemical parameters such as antioxidants, phenolics, flavonoids, and ?-glucosidase inhibitors. This study evaluated the biochemical parameters in twelve genotypes of two chili species (Capsicum frutescens and Capsicum chinense). Information from this research can be used as a reference in chili plant breeding activities which are directed as functional food plants. The method of measuring biochemical parameters using an ELISA reader with a modified method. Samples were measured with a microplate and repeated three times. The results that emerged from the ELISA reader were then converted with Microsoft Excel and analyzed using the R program. The results showed that the Capsicum chinense species (Habanero Fransisca) had the highest ?-glucosidase inhibitory activity (52.52%) compared to other genotypes of the Capsicum frutescens species. The highest TPC (19.42), TFC (2.51), and antioxidant FRAP (117.27) were shown by the pure line genotype F8 285290-290-2-2-4-4-1. The biochemical content of the chili genotypes tested was divided into three major groups. This grouping is not affected based on the species used. The correlation between antioxidants using the FRAP method with TFC (0.69) and TPC (0.83) is positive and significantly different. In conclusion, information on biochemical content can be used as a basis for developing genotypes, especially for the purposes of plant breeding activities in the future.

In-Vitro and In-Silico Alpha Glucucosidase Inhibitory activity of Oroxylum indicum

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels in the bloodstream. It occurs due to the inadequate amount of insulin secreted in the body or resistance of insulin receptors. Objective: In the present study, for its effect on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes, Oroxylum indicuma flavone glycoside was assessed using in-vitro assays by removing the respective enzymes from whole wheat and barley in conjunction with in-silico analysis. Method: in-vitro alpha amylase inhibitory activity and in-vitro alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity was performed using acarbose as a standard drug. The molecular docking study was performed using Schrodinger (Maestro V 11.5) software. The parameters glide score, Lipinski rule for drug likeliness, bioactive scoring and ADME properties were assessed in the docking study. In addition, baicalein's antioxidant function was assessed using DPPH assay, nitric oxide scavenging activity. The cytotoxicity of Oroxylum indicumwas evaluated using the Brine shrimp lethality assay. Results: The alpha-amylase assay performed showed IC50 value of 48.40 µg/ml for Oroxylum indicumwhereas alpha-glucosidase assay showed an IC50 value of 16.03 µg/ml. Oroxylum indicumshows the glide score of-5.565 with 5EOF and glide score of -5.339 with 5NN8 in the molecular docking study. The highest percentage of DPPH radical scavenging activity and nitrous oxide scavenging activity were found to be.27% at160 µg/ml and 50.02% at the concentrations of 160 µg/ml respectively. Conclusion: Based on further in vivo and clinical trials, Oroxylum indicummay be used for the management of hyperglycaemia.

Two new diarylheptanoids and a new phenylhexanol derivative from the bulbils of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity

• Two new diarylheptanoids ( 1 – 2 ) and a new phenylhexanol derivative ( 3 ), along with seven known compounds ( 4 – 10 ) were isolated from the bulbils of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.. • The absolute configurations of compounds 1 – 2 were deduced by comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD spectra. • The α -glucosidase inhibitory effects of all the isolated compounds were evaluated. • Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations of compound 7 bound α -glucosidase were performed Two previously undescribed diarylheptanoids, diosniponol E ( 1 ) and F ( 2 ), and a new phenylhexanol derivative, (rel-2 R ,4 R )-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-hexane-1,2,4-triol (3), together with seven known compounds, were isolated from the bulbils of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.. Their structures were elucidated by HRESIMS and 1D/2D NMR as well as by comparison with the literature, and absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were deduced by comparison of their experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroic (ECD) spectra. All the isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro for their α -glucosidase inhibitory activity. The results indicated that compounds 3 and 7 exhibited inhibitory effect against α -glucosidase with the IC 50 values of 16.2 ± 2.2 and 8.7 ± 1.6 μ M, respectively. Molecular docking experiments were performed to identify the probable binding mode of compound 7 in the binding sites of α -glucosidase and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to evaluate the stability over time of the main interactions observed in docking experiments.

In-vitro studies on antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Sesoot (Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq.) fruit ethanolic extract from Indonesia

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that can be identified by high levels of blood glucose. Garcinia plants have been widely used for many traditional medicines as antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetics, and antiinflammation. The antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of ( Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq.) or sesoot fruit extract were evaluated in this study and compared with xanthone. The antioxidant and antidiabetic of ethanolic ripe sesoot ( G. picrorrhiza Miq.) fruit extract (GpKar) was evaluated by (ABTS) reducing activity, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibitor activity. GpKar showed higher ABTS-reducing activity (IC 50 = 49.30 µg/mL) than xanthone (IC 50 = 404.30 µg/mL). GpKar showed IC 50 = 109.32 µg/mL for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while xanthones had a better activity (IC 50 = 33.97 µg/mL). GpKar also showed lower α-amylase inhibitory activity and β-glucosidase (IC 50 = 126.01 and 9432.09 µg/mL) compared to xanthone (IC 50 = 44.32 and 405.03 µg/mL, respectively). The compounds of GpKar are proven to have antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Therefore, it will be industrially relevant to develop a natural medicine for decreasing DM risk, thus evaluating the antioxidant and antidiabetic effect of G. picrorrhiza by a pre-clinic study is needed.

Post-harvest and Extraction Conditions for the Optimum Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Stenochlaena palustris

Stenochlaena palustris has been studied for its anti-diabetic potency related to its alpha-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) activity. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of post-harvest and extraction conditions on the AGI activity of S. palustris

Effect of extrusion technology on hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) oil cake: Polyphenol profile and biological activities.

Effects of extrusion with varying barrel temperature, moisture content, and screw speed on hempseed oil cake were studied for the first time. Extrusion at lower moisture (30%) and higher screw speed (300rpm) significantly increased the proportion of free polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenylpropionamide content, and -glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities. Full factorial design confirmed the three-way interactions among all extrusion parameters for all chemical assays with the bound phenolic fraction, total flavonoid content, and DPPH inhibition activity of the free phenolic fraction. HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis tentatively identified 26 phenylpropionamides, and the contents of N-trans-caffeoyltyramine (66.26µg/g) and total phenylpropionamides (85.77µg/g) were significantly increased after extrusion at the lower moisture and higher screw speed extrusion conditions. The higher -glucosidase inhibition activity at higher screw speed could be due to the N-trans-caffeoyltyramine (r=0.99, p<0.01), while the AChE inhibition activity appeared to be influenced more by the cannabisins A-C, M (r>0.8, p<0.01). PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Hempseed oil cake is a byproduct of oil extraction, with high protein and high fiber contents. The results of this research could be used directly in food industry to improve the nutritional and commercial value of hempseed oil cake by extrusion technology.

Inhibition of Haemoglobin Glycosylation, Glucose Uptake and In Vitro Antidiabetic Activities of Solvent Fractions from Daucus carota Seed

Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder which result from either absolute or relative insulin deficiency and may lead to dysfunction in some organ systems. Pancreatic α- glucosidase and α- amylase inhibition are an effective strategy to decrease levels of postprandial hyperglycemia through starch control breakdown. The aim of the study is to assess the in vitro antidiabetic activities of fractions from Daucus carota seed extract, a plant used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The aqueous extract (AQE) of Daucus carota seed was partitioned in ethyl acetate (EAE), n – hexane (HEX) and diethyl ether (DEE) to obtain the various fractions. The AQE and EAE expressed significant α – amylase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 637.0±18.6 μg/mL and 603.0±25.8 μg/mL respectively. AQE, EAE, HEX and DEE expressed α – glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 135.85±1.21, 147.59±0.57, 132.64±1.17, and 143.56±0.49 μg/mL respective compared with acarbose (ACA) with 5.42±0.20 μg/mL. Furthermore, DEE fraction expressed inhibitory effects on % glucose uptake in yeast cell comparable with metronidazole. All Daucus carota fractions expressed various inhibitory effects on haemoglobin glycosylation at a concentration of 200 – 1000 μg/mL. The results show that fractions from the aqueous seed extract of Daucus carota possess in vitro antidiabetic potentials with EAE and HEX fractions having most promising inhibitory activities against α-amylase and α-glucosidase respectively.

Design and Synthesis of Novel 5-Arylisoxazole-1,3,4-thiadiazole Hybrids as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Background: α-Glucosidase inhibitors have occupied a significant position in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this respect, the development of novel and efficient non-sugar-based inhibitors is in high demand. Objective: Design and synthesis of new 5-arylisoxazole-1,3,4-thiadiazole hybrids possessing α- glucosidase inhibitory activity were developed. Methods: Different derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of various 5-arylisoxazole-3- carboxylic acids and ethyl 2-((5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio)acetate. Finally, they were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Results: It was found that ethyl 2-((5-(5-(2-chlorophenyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazol- 2-yl)thio)acetate (5j) was the most potent compound (IC50 = 180.1 μM) compared with acarbose as the reference drug (IC50 = 750.0 μM). Also, the kinetic study of 5j revealed a competitive inhibition and docking study results indicated desired interactions of that compound with amino acid residues located close to the active site of α-glucosidase. Conclusion: Good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity obtained by the title compounds introduced them as an efficient scaffold, which merits to be considered in anti-diabetic drug discovery developments.

Cross-linking treatment of arabinoxylan improves its antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities after simulated in vitro digestion

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of cross-linking treatment of arabinoxylan (AX) on its structure and physiological functions prior to and after the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The AX extracted from triticale bran was cross-linked using laccase. The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically and verified based on the decrease in the ferulic acid content and an increase in the molecular weight. In comparison to the non-cross-linked AX (A-AX), the cross-linked AX (C-AX) exhibited a higher substitution degree, a more compact microstructure, and higher viscosity in the results of FT-IR, SEM, and rheological tests. The hydroxyl radical scavenging ability and the metal ion chelating ability of C-AX were higher than those of A-AX. After passing through the gastrointestinal tract simulated using an in vitro digestion model, in addition to the retentive larger molecular weight and network structure, the antioxidant activity and the glucosidase inhibition activity of C-AX were higher than those of A-AX. In conclusion, the cross-linking treatment of AX increased its tolerance of the extreme environment during the digestive process by modulating its structural characteristics.

Investigation of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase inhibition and antioxidant activity of methanol and water extracts from aerial parts of Phlomis lycia D. DON

Background: Natural antioxidants in the plant kingdom play an essential role in reducing the risk of various chronic diseases and maintaining a healthy life. In addition, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase are involved in the occurrence and pathology of some as Alzheimer’s and diabetes, have become an important strategic target in the effective treatment of these diseases. Phlomis lycia D. DON is traditionally used as an appetizer, stimulant, carminative, tonic, and against stomach pain and dyspeptic complaints. There is limited knowledge on this species except for preliminary studies such as botanical and phytochemicals and biological properties. The aerial parts of this plant contained phenolic compounds, such as lignan, phenylethanoid, and iridoid derivatives which can be responsible for the potential biological effects. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activity of the methanol and water extracts obtained from aerial parts of P. lycia in the flora of Turkey. Material and Methods: Antioxidant potentials were determined spectrophotometrically by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, iron chelating, and β-Carotene/linoleic acid emulsion method. We evaluated the inhibitory activities of methanol and water extracts of P. lycia against various enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase) by using 96-well plate methods. Results: According to the results, the methanol extract was more active than water extract in terms of antioxidant activity. On the other hand, although the methanol and water extracts were observed to demonstrate similar enzyme inhibitory activity, the water extract exhibited more inhibition activity on α-glucosidase. Conclusions: Our results suggested that Phlomis lycia could potentially be used for the isolation of potent antioxidants from the methanol extract. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first time that Phlomis lycia was reported in the literature with glucosidase inhibition activity.

Synthesis and evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of sulfonylurea derivatives

Abstract Two series of sulfonylureas derivatives including 24 compounds (4, 7, 5a–5o, 8a–8h), among them 17 new derivatives, have been synthesized and evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compounds 5c, 5h and 8e showed significant in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 values of 5.58, 79.85 and 213.36 µm, respectively, comparing with the standard compounds acarbose (IC50 = 268.29 µm) and glipizide (IC50 = 300.47 µm). The preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the synthesized compounds were also investigated.

Three new bis-trinorcadalenes from Decaschistia intermedia Craib and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities

• Three new compounds were isolated from Decaschistia intermedia. • The structures were successfully determined by spectroscopic evidences. • Bistrinorcadintermes A–C showed moderate α -glucosidase inhibitory activities. Three new bis -trinorcadalenes, bistrinorcadintermes A–C ( 1 - 3 ) along with seven known compounds, parvifloral D ( 4 ), parvifloral E ( 5 ), parvifloral C ( 6 ), hymexelsin ( 7 ), scopoletin ( 8 ), scopolin ( 9 ), and hibiscolactone A ( 10 ) were isolated from the aerial parts and radix of Decaschistia intermedia Craib. Their chemical structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods, including 1D, 2D NMR, MS, and experimental CD spectra. All compounds were evaluated for their α -glucosidase inhibitory effects. Compounds 1 , 5 , and 8 showed moderate α -glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC 50 values of 45.6 ± 4.2, 43.7 ± 3.6, and 43.7 ± 3.6 μg/mL, respectively. Compounds 2 - 4 and 10 showed weak α -glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC 50 values ranging from 87.5 ± 6.3 to 219.8 ± 4.9 μg/mL.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) leaves: Effect of maturity stage on phytochemicals and carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory activity

Although phytochemical contents of Gac fruit have been extensively analyzed, information about the bioactive compounds and valorization of Gac leaves is limited. In this study, Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) leaves at different maturity stages (young: YL, mature: ML and old: OL leaves) were extracted during a 20 min of 150-W sonication process. Color, phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory effects against carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes were assessed by colorimetric, high-performance liquid chromatography, and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. Results indicated a decrease in L* (lightness) and an increase in a* (greenness–redness) during maturation of leaves. The YL extract had the highest contents of phytochemicals with 4897.01 (mg gallic acid equivalent [GAE] per 100 gram dried weight [DW]), total phenolics, 592.81 (mg querce-tin [QE]/100 g DW), total flavonoids, 34.77% ?-amylase inhibitory activity, and 40.21% ?-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Myricetin (43%), vitexin (22%), and esculetin (11%) were the major bioactive compounds detected in YL extract. Also, the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like capacity of the extract decreased from 11,599.96 to 3,999.63 U/g DW during the transformation of YL to OL. Extract of Gac leaves was found to be a potential ingredient for food preservation and supplementation that could reduce postprandial hyperglycemia.

3D-QSAR modeling, molecular docking and ADMET properties of benzothiazole derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitors

Acarbose and voglibose are α -glucosidase inhibitors that have been used for controlling of diabetes mellitus. Unfortunately, these drugs have many side effects. Consequently, the discovery of new agents with high α -glucosidase inhibitory activity and weak side effects becomes of great importance. To that end, a set of 23 benzothiazole compounds have been studied using 3D-QSAR modeling and molecular docking simulation in order to predict new molecules with important α -glucosidase inhibitory activity. CoMFA and CoMSIA models using eighteen compounds in the training set give significant Q2 values of 0.553 and 0.75, and important R2 values of 0.93 and 0.942, respectively. The five remaining molecules wereemployed in order to test the proficiency of 3D-QSAR models and the predicted determination coefficients R2test values are 0.74 and 0.87 for CoMFA and CoMSIA models, respectively. CoMFA and CoMSIA contour maps were afforded much helpful information to determine the preferred and unpreferred regions impacting the activity; as a result, we propose new benzothiazole compounds with important predicted activities. Meanwhile, to guess the interaction between a newly designed compounds and the most active molecule (compound 8) with α-glucosidase receptor (PDB ID: 3L4T), a molecular docking was conducted. The docking outcomes elucidated that the predicted compound X1 was stable in the active pocket of α-glucosidase receptor. Finally, the newly benzothiazole compounds have been assessed for their oral bioavailability and toxicity using ADMET properties and drug likeness. These findings would be of great aid in leading optimization for new drug discovery that can resolve the biggest challenge related of diabetes mellitus.

Phenolic profile and biological potential of wild blackberry (Rubus discolor) fruits

The berries of Rubus discolor are considered a rich source of phytochemicals which could play an important role in the prevention of prevalent contemporary chronic diseases. Thus, the goal of the presented study was to determine the profile of phenolic acids and anthocyanins of aqueous and ethanol extracts of R. discolor fruit, and their free radical scavenging, antiproliferative, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities. LC-MS/MS analyses confirmed the presence of 11 phenolic acids with protocatechuic and gallic acids being the major compounds. Additionally, cyanidin- glucoside/galactoside was the most abundant among the five identified anthocyanins. The ethanol extract was more efficient in scavenging free radicals than the aqueous extract. The absence of antiproliferative activity was observed for both extracts. However, they inhibited carbohydrate hydrolysing digestive enzymes associated with type-2 diabetes. Furthermore, the obtained results for ?-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 values 44.52 and 80.72 ?g/mL, for the aqueous and ethanol extracts, respectively) indicate significantly higher activity than the positive control, GlucobayR (233.38 ?g/mL). The ethanol extract was more effective against all of the examined bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae) than the aqueous extract. On the contrary, the aqueous extract showed better antifungal properties, particularly against Trihoderma viride and Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium. The quantified phenolics and presented bioactivities of R. discolor fruit extracts candidate them as a potential source of bioactive compounds which might be used in the food, pharmacy and cosmetic industries.

Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential of Endophytic Fungal Fractions Recovered from Tinospora Cordifolia (Willd.) Leaves

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus DM is a severe metabolic disorder caused by lack of insulin secretion. Endophytes are microorganisms having the potentiality in colonizing internal tissues of the plant. Previous research reported that they are potential sources of novel secondary metabolites which are useful in medicine and agriculture.Objective In this study an attempt was made to isolate characterize and screen for endophytic fungi from the leaves of Tinospora cordifolia for in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity.Materials and Methods Isolation of endophytic fungi was accomplished by established method. Pure culturable endophytic fungi were identified and characterized by PCR sequential analysis and phylogenetic studies. Chloroform ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of endophytic fungi were screened for in vitro free radical scavenging 2 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH hydroxyl radical and reducing power assay and antidiabetic in alpha-amylase alpha- glucosidase and aldose reductase inhibitory assays.Results Two fungal endophytes were isolated TCLF-1 and TCLF-2 from leaves of Tinospora cordifolia with ethyl acetate T1EA T1EA and n-butanol T2nB T2nB. TCLF-1 and TCLF-2 fractions exhibited appreciable alpha-amylase alpha- glucosidase and aldose reductase inhibitory activity with significant IC50 values when compared with acarbose. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic studies identified TCLF-1 and TCLF-2 fungi as Trichoderma longibrachiatum isolate TL10 and Aspergillus versicolor isolate BAB-6580 respectively.Conclusion The results of the present study indicate that ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of TCLF-1 and TCLF-2 showed appreciable free radical scavenging and in vitro antidiabetic activity.

Ameliorative Effects of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Physalis angulata (Ewe Koropo) on Diabetic-Induced Wistar Rats in South West Nigeria

Excessive consumption of foods high in calories, lack of exercise and oxidative stress play crucial roles in diabetic physiopathology, and if not diagnosed and treated early, damages to kidney, eyes, heart and nerves are inevitable. Medicinal plants have long been utilized in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases. In this study, qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals analyses of ethanolic extract of Physalis angulata were carried out using standard biochemical methods. In addition, evaluation of the antioxidant activity and inhibitory potential of the plant extract against key enzymes associated with hyperglycemia-a symptom that characterizes diabetes were done. Antioxidant activities were determined using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate), FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), ABTS (2, 2l-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), lipid peroxidation assays while the alpha–glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities were also evaluated. The ethanolic extract of Physalis angulata exhibited significant strong scavenging activity on DPPH, lipid peroxidation, reducing power, ABTS activity as compared with the standard drug Ascorbic Acid against the diabetic group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the ethanolic extract did exhibit significant α-amylase and α–glucosidase activities with IC50 (23.88, 15.10), when compared with standard drug acarbose with IC50 (24.75, 41.74). The findings of this study indicate that the ethanolic extract of Physalis angulata leaves possess anti hyperglycemic properties; and thus provide pharmacological benefits to the ethnomedical use of this plant in the treatment, management and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus.