Glucose Lipid Metabolism Research Articles

Alteration of Bone Mineral Density Differs Between Genders in Obese Subjects After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 May Count.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has proven to be successful in weight reduction but with potential loss of bone mass. Previous studies indicated that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) plays an important role in both bone formation and glucose-lipid metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the changes in bone mineral density (BMD), bone metabolic parameters, and serum BMP4 levels in obese Chinese subjects after LSG. Seventy-one obese patients (34 males, age 31.70 ± 9.61years and 37 females, age 32.80 ± 11.45years) were enrolled. BMD (at the right hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine 1-4 (L1-L4)) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, bone metabolic markers, and routine anthropometric/laboratory biochemical parameters at baseline, 3, 6, and 12months after LSG (abbreviated as 3, 6, and 12M post-LSG, respectively) were recorded. Serum BMP4 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. LSG led to dramatic weight loss with improved glucose-lipid metabolism in all patients. In females, BMD was significantly decreased at the right hip at all time points studied and at the femoral neck at 6 and 12M post-LSG (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In males, BMD was not significantly changed (all P > 0.05). Intriguingly, serum BMP4 levels were reduced slightly at 3M post-LSG (P = 0.463) and were significantly at 6M post-LSG (from 75.51 ± 16.54 to 65.40 ± 10.51pg/mL, P = 0.048) in females, but unchanged in males (all P > 0.05). Vitamin D and 25-hydroxy vitamin D were increased in males at 12M post-LSG (all P < 0.05). Osteocalcin was increased in males at all time points studied and in females at 3 and 6M post-LSG (all P < 0.05). Type I collagen was increased in males at 3 and 6M post-LSG and in females at all the time points studied (all P < 0.05). The effect of LSG on BMD differs between genders, decreasing significantly in females while remaining unchanged in males. Moreover, decreased BMP4 levels may partly account for the diminished BMD in obese Chinese female patients after LSG.

Correlation of blood glucose, serum chemerin and insulin resistance with NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a form of clinical syndrome characterized by the fatty degeneration in liver histology and should be further investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of blood glucose, serum chemerin and insulin resistance on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment thereof. In total, 300 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated and admitted into the Endocrinology Department of our hospital from June 2015 to June 2017 were enrolled and divided into the simple type 2 diabetes mellitus (group A) and concurrent NAFLD (group B) groups. The sex, age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood biochemical indexes and chemerin level were compared between the two groups. The patients in group B were further divided into the mild fatty liver (group B1), moderate fatty liver (group B2) and severe fatty liver (group B3) groups. The sex, age, BMI blood pressure, blood biochemical indexes and chemerin level were also compared among the three groups. Finally, the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by NAFLD were analyzed via logistic regression. The BMI, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h post-prandial plasma glucose (2hPG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and HOMA-β indexes and serum chemerin level in group B were significantly higher than those in group A (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Notably, the aggravation of NAFLD, the aforementioned indexes were obviously increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The regression analysis revealed that BMI, FPG, TC, LDL-c, FINS, HOMA-IR and chemerin were risk factors of concurrent NAFLD. Thus, type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by NAFLD is closely associated with severe glucose-lipid metabolism disorder and insulin resistance, and BMI, FPG, TC, LDL-c, FINS, HOMA-IR and chemerin constitute risk factors of concurrent NAFLD.

The protective role of low-concentration alcohol in high-fructose induced adverse cardiovascular events in mice

Cardiovascular disease remains a worldwide public health issue. As fructose consumption is dramatically increasing, it has been demonstrated that a fructose-rich intake would increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, emerging evidences suggest that low concentration alcohol intake may exert a protective effect on cardiovascular system. This study aimed to investigate whether low-concentration alcohol consumption would prevent the adverse effects on cardiovascular events induced by high fructose in mice.From the results of hematoxylin-eosin staining, echocardiography, heart weight/body weight ratio and the expression of hypertrophic marker ANP, we found high-fructose result in myocardial hypertrophy and the low-concentration alcohol consumption would prevent the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy from happening. In addition, we observed low-concentration alcohol consumption could inhibit mitochondria swollen induced by high-fructose. The elevated levels of glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol in high-fructose group were reduced by low concentration alcohol. Low expression levels of SIRT1 and PPAR-γ induced by high-fructose were significantly elevated when fed with low-concentration alcohol. The histone lysine 9 acetylation (acH3K9) level was decreased in PPAR-γ promoter in high-fructose group but elevated when intake with low concentration alcohol. The binding levels of histone deacetylase SIRT1 were increased in the same region in high-fructose group, while the low concentration alcohol can prevent the increased binding levels.Overall, our study indicates that low-concentration alcohol consumption could inhibit high-fructose related myocardial hypertrophy, cardiac mitochondria damaged and disorders of glucose-lipid metabolism. Furthermore, these findings also provide new insights into histone acetylation-deacetylation mechanisms of low-concentration alcohol treatment that may contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease induced by high-fructose intake.

Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance in Gestational Diabetes.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and altered glucose-lipid metabolism. We propose that ectonucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase-1 (ENPP1), a protein known to induce adipocyte IR, is a determinant of GDM. Our objective was to study ENPP1 expression in adipose tissue (AT) of obese pregnant women with or without GDM, as well as glucose tolerance in pregnant transgenic (Tg) mice with AT-specific overexpression of human ENPP1. AT biopsies and blood were collected from body mass index-matched obese pregnant women non-GDM (n = 6), GDM (n = 7), and nonpregnant controls (n = 6) undergoing cesarian section or elective surgeries, respectively. We measured the following: (1) Expression of key molecules involved in insulin signaling and glucose-lipid metabolism in AT; (2) Plasma glucose and insulin levels and calculation of homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR); (3) Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test in AtENPP1 Tg pregnant mice. We found that: (1) Obese GDM patients have higher AT ENPP1 expression than obese non-GDM patients, or controls (P = 0.01-ANOVA). (2) ENPP1 expression level correlated negatively with glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and positively with insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) serine phosphorylation, and to other adipocyte functional proteins involved in glucose and lipid metabolism (P < 0.05 each), (3) AT ENPP1 expression levels were positively correlated with HOMA-IR (P = 0.01-ANOVA). (4) Pregnant AT ENPP1 Tg mice showed higher plasma glucose than wild type animals (P = 0.046-t test on area under curve [AUC]glucose). Our results provide evidence of a causative link between ENPP1 and alterations in insulin signaling, glucose uptake, and lipid metabolism in subcutaneous abdominal AT of GDM, which may mediate IR and hyperglycemia in GDM.

Effect of statins on atherogenic serum amyloid A and α1-antitrypsin low-density lipoprotein complexes

PurposeHMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, also termed statins, are used to reduce the risk of coronary artery disease. Two oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) complexes, serum amyloid A-LDL (SAA-LDL) and α1-antitrypsin-LDL (AT-LDL), serve as atherosclerotic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular risk markers. In this study, we examined the effects of hydrophilic rosuvastatin (RSV) and lipophilic pitavastatin (PTV) on these markers in patients with hypercholesterolemia. MethodsThe present study was a sub-analysis of our previous STAT-LVDF study. The subjects were treated with RSV or PTV for 24weeks. Changes in glucose-lipid metabolism, serum levels of SAA-LDL and AT-LDL, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level were assessed. ResultsIn total, 53 patients were analyzed in the present study. RSV and PTV significantly decreased SAA-LDL (RSV: p=0.003, PTV: p=0.012) and AT-LDL levels (RSV: p=0.013, PTV: p=0.037). Changes in SAA-LDL level were significantly and positively correlated with those in CRP in both the RSV (r=0.549, p=0.003) and PTV (r=0.576, p=0.004) groups. Moreover, a positive correlation between changes of SAA-LDL levels and those of HbA1c levels was observed in the PTV group (r=0.442, p=0.030) but not in the RSV group (r=−0.100, p=0.611). ConclusionsBoth hydrophilic rosuvastatin and lipophilic pitavastatin reduce serum levels of atherosclerotic and inflammatory markers. These findings also indicate differential effects of RSV and PTV on glucose tolerance.

Correlation study between vitamin D level and glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, early secretory function of pancreatic islets in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes

Objective To investigate correlation between vitamin D and glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, early secretory function of pancreatic islets in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Methods 115 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were selected as observation group.115 postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes were selected in hospital at same period as control group.All patients received detection of vitamin D, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, early secretory function of pancreatic islets.Correlation between vitamin D and glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, early secretory function of pancreatic islets were analyzed. Results Fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2h blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin resistance index in the observation group were higher than the control group[(8.5±1.2)mmol/L vs (5.1±0.6)mmol/L, (13.4±1.5)mmol/L vs (7.8±0.7)mmol/L, (8.7±1.1)% vs (5.6±0.5)%, (25.7±1.0)kg/m2 vs (22.3±0.4)kg/m2, (5.6±0.7)mmol/L vs (4.5±0.4)mmol/L, (2.3±0.5)mmol/L vs (1.7±0.3)mmol/L, (3.5±0.6)mmol/L vs (2.2±0.4)mmol/L, (3.6±0.5) vs (2.5±0.4), t=9.667, 10.179, 8.535, 4.524, 5.443, 6.529, 8.909, 7.406, all P<0.05]. High density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin first secretion phase peak factor, pancreatic islet βcell function index, fasting insulin, vitamin D in the observation group were lower than the control group[(1.0±0.2)mmol/L vs (1.2±0.3)mmol/L, (5.2±1.3) vs (8.4±1.6), (135.8±11.7) vs (194.3±19.2), (4.1±0.9)IU/mL vs (10.8±0.6)IU/mL, (10.8±2.1)ng/L vs (27.4±3.8)ng/L, t=5.087, 9.153, 7.370, 10.414, 18.371, all P<0.05]. Vitamin D was significantly negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2h blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin resistance index(r=-0.537, -0.512, -0.469, -0.387, -0.325, -0.316, -0.372, -0.457, all P<0.05). Vitamin D were significantly positively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin first secretion phase peak factor, pancreatic islet β cell function index, fasting insulin(r=0.351, 0.418, 0.674, 0.316, all P<0.05). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes may be involved in glucose-lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, but also may be one of the reasons leading to decreasing of early secretory function of pancreatic β cells. Key words: Diabetes, type 2; Vitamin D; Glucose-lipid metabolism; Insulin resistance; Early pancreatic secretion function; Correlation

Association between serum somatostatin levels and glucose-lipid metabolism in the Jino ethnic minority and Han Chinese population

Association between serum somatostatin levels and glucose-lipid metabolism in the Jino ethnic minority and Han Chinese population

Anthocyanin Improving Metabolic Disorders in Obese Mice from Aornia melanocarpa

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Aornia melanocarpa anthocyanin (AMA) on symptoms of metabolic syndrome in obese mouse. AMA can reduce weight. Blood glucose and lipid metabolism were significantly improved, and so as hepatic lipid metabolism. This suggesting AMA is a strong indication of improved glucoselipid metabolism and weight. Moreover, both morphologic and histological detections indicated that AMA significantly reversed obsity induced hepatic steatosis and liver injury. Furthermore, AMA significantly ameliorated inflammatory cytokines including both IL-6 and TNF-α in liver and fatty tissue. Moreover, insulin receptor (IR), p-IRS and p-AKT that associated proteins about glucose-lipid metabolism signaling pathway were markedly up-regulated at protein levels by AMA. Our results demonstrate that Aornia melanocarpa anthocyanin treatment can alleviate obsity and metabolic syndrome. The beneficial effects of AMA are associated with improved glucose-lipid metabolism and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines. Key words: Metabolic disorders, Obese, Aornia melanocarpa, Anthocyanin, Mechnism.

Metabolic Characteristics in Obese Patients Complicated by Mild Thyroid Hormone Deficiency.

The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is increasing, especially in obese people. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in metabolic profiles between obese patients with mild increased thyrotropin (TSH) or with normal TSH. A total of 219 obese patients were recruited in this cross-sectional study. They were divided into 2 groups: obese patients with normal TSH (0.35-2.5 mU/l) and age-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched obese patients with higher-normal TSH (2.5-5.5 mU/l). We have named it compensatory hypothyroidism or mild thyroid hormone deficiency. Anthropometric data, glucose-lipid metabolism, markers of inflammation, body composition, and thyroid function parameters were measured. Results showed that: 1) The levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were significantly lower in obese patients complicated by mild increased TSH than in obese patients with normal TSH (p<0.05). The fasting insulin (FINS) and C reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly higher in obese patients complicated by mild increased TSH when compared to the obese patients with normal TSH (p<0.01). Jostel's TSH index (TSHI) and standard TSH index (sTSHI) were significantly higher in obesity with mild increased TSH when compared to obesity with normal TSH (both p<0.001). Thyroid's secretory capacity (GT) was significantly lower in obesity with mild increased TSH when compared to obesity with normal TSH (p<0.001). 2) In the obese patients complicated by mild increased TSH group, serum TSH was significantly positively correlated with ALT, AST and CP (p<0.05). In the obese patients with normal TSH group, serum TSH was significantly positively correlated with UA (p<0.05). In all subjects, serum TSH was significantly positively correlated with ALT, AST, FINS, CP, CRP, and UA (p<0.05), but negatively with DBP, FPG, and HDL-C (p<0.05). 3) There was significant difference of the prevalence of hyperinsulinemia and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) between the 2 groups (p<0.05). In Conclusion, obesity complicated by mild increased TSH manifested higher fasting insulin levels, more severe chronic low-grade inflammation, and lower HDL-C levels than obesity with normal TSH.

SNPs in FNDC5 (irisin) are associated with obesity and modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in Saudi subjects.

BackgroundIrisin is a recently identified myokine that plays an important role in preventing obesity and insulin resistance. We investigated whether the common FNDC5 (irisin precursor) gene variants influence susceptibility to obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and verified the impact of FNDC5 gene variants on serum irisin levels, glucose and lipid metabolism in a Saudi population.MethodsGenomic DNA from 814 (394 T2DM and 414 controls) subjects were genotyped for the five common SNPs (rs3480A/G, rs1746661G/T, rs1298190A/G, rs726344A/G and rs1570569G/T) of the FNDC5 gene using the TaqMan genotyping assay. Biochemical parameters and hematic concentrations of irisin and insulin as well as anthropometric indices were collected.ResultsSerum irisin levels were higher in T2DM patients compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Analyses of FNDC5 SNPs showed that: 1) The rs3480 GG associates with decreased risk of obesity (p = 0.005; odds ratio: 0.48) and lower body mass index (BMI) values (p = 0.03). In addition, GGAAG was identified as the protective haplotype against risk of obesity (p = 0.001; odds ratio: 0.23). 2) The rs1746661 G allele associates with higher triglyceride (TG) levels (p = 0.019). 3) The rs157069 TT genotype associates with higher fasting insulin (p = 0.029) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.002) as well as with lower circulating irisin levels (p = 0.016).ConclusionsSNPs in FNDC5 gene correlates with obesity and glucose-lipid metabolism possibly because they modulate the serum levels of irisin.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0224-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Effect of Metformin on Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Levels in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 is an important regulator of glucose metabolism. In the present study, we investigated whether plasma levels of FGF-21 changed in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and assessed the effects of metformin treatment on plasma FGF-21 levels. The plasma FGF-21 levels and the metabolic parameters of 226 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM and 100 sex- and age-matched normal glycemic tolerant (NGT) controls were measured. Seventy-four patients among of the 226 patients with T2DM were treated with metformin throughout the 12-week study period. The fasting plasma FGF-21 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The patients with T2DM had significantly higher fasting plasma FGF-21 levels (302.2 pg/mL [range, 201.3-454.4 pg/mL] vs. 104.5 pg/mL [range, 71.6-185.6 pg/mL]; P < 0.00) and hs-CRP levels (2.63 ± 2.81 mg/L vs. 1.58 ± 2.16 mg/L; P < 0.00) than the NGT subjects. The fasting plasma hs-CRP and FGF-21 levels were significantly decreased in the T2DM group after metformin treatment compared with pretreatment (respectively, 2.56 ± 1.75 mg/L vs. 3.28 ± 1.89 mg/L [P < 0.05] and 232.6 pg/mL [range, 154.3-307.8 pg/mL] vs. 313.9 pg/mL [range, 227.7-474.2 pg/mL] [P < 0.01]). In patients with T2DM, the plasma FGF-21 levels are increased but are significantly decreased after metformin treatment. Metformin may play a role in reducing the FGF-21 levels in patients with T2DM, likely through the amelioration of glucose-lipid metabolism and inflammation.

The comparative effects of intermittent versus continuous energy restriction on postprandial glucose-lipid metabolism following 5 % weight-loss: interim analysis of an ongoing study

The comparative effects of intermittent versus continuous energy restriction on postprandial glucose-lipid metabolism following 5 % weight-loss: interim analysis of an ongoing study - Volume 75 Issue OCE3

MP73-09 TYPE OF ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY AFFECTS METABOLIC CONDITION AND ADIPOSE TISSUE DISTRIBUTION

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The adverse events of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to prostate cancer patients are associated with metabolic condition and adipose tissue increasing. We evaluated whether type of androgen deprivation therapy affects metabolic condition and adipose tissue distribution. METHODS: From January 2003 to March 2011, we performed definitive therapy with 6 months neoadjuvant ADT to 445 prostate cancer patients in our hospital. Among them, we analyzed the data available 146 prostate cancer patients. We retrospectively evaluated the metabolic values (glycohemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (T-cho), triglyceride (TG) value and body mass index (BMI) and adipose distribution (subcutaneous and visceral) before and after ADT. One hundred nine patients received radical prostatectomy, 28 patients with extra beam radiotherapy and 9 patients with brachytherapy. We divided patients in two groups according to the regimen of ADT; combined androgen blockade (LH-RH analog with antiandrogen drug, CAB) and LH-RH analog with estramustine (EMP) groups. The difference of BMI and adipose volume were compared between CAB and EMP group. Adipose volumes (total, subcutaneous and visceral) and abdominal circumference before and after 6 months ADT were analyzed from computed tomography by Visceral Fat Analyzer, M2 ver2.3. RESULTS: There were no significant difference in age, BMI, clinical stage and initial PSA between CAB and EMP group. HbA1c and T-cho values were significantly deceased in EMP group (P < 0.001) but TG was not different between two group. BMI was significantly increased in CAB (P < 0.001) but not changed in EMP group. Total adipose volume was significantly increased in CAB (P <0.001) but decreased in EMP group (P 1⁄4 0.027) during the 6 months ADT. The Subcutaneous fat increased in both groups (P < 0.001), and the visceral fat was increased in CAB but decreased in EMP (P < 0.001). There were no changes in abdominal circumference. Adipose increasing rates were correlated with ADT duration. CONCLUSIONS: Although the present study is retrospective, the above data suggest that ADT regimen of LH-RH analog with estramustine has potential to suppress visceral fat increases and improve glucose-lipid metabolism in the prostate cancer patients. Source of Funding: none

Betatrophin and glucose-lipid metabolism

Betatrophin, discovered in 2013, is a protein secreted by liver, white adipose tissues, and brown adipose tissues. Betatrophin can improve glucose tolerance in mice by promoting islet β cell proliferation and increasing the number of β cells significantly and specifically. At the same time, Betatrophin is involved in lipid metabolism. Betatrophin may work as the new target for treatment of diabetes and disorders of lipid metabolism. (Chin J Endocrinol Metab, 2015, 31: 288-290) Key words: Betatrophin; Islet βcells; Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Glucose metabolism; Lipid metabolism

GW25-e1539 Effects of acute exercise on plasma FGF-21 level and glucose lipid metabolism in male obese youth

Obesity is a serious health problem in worldwide, which is think the result of genetic and environmental factors, especially an inappropriate lifestyle, characterized by high fat diet and physical inactivity. Obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia often occur in concert, which in partly

Relation of plasma secreted frizzled-related protein 5 to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

To investigate the relationships among plasma secreted frizzled-related protein （sfrp） 5 level and body fat parameters, glucolipid metabolism, insulin resistance index, and inflammation. 89 subjects with normal glocose tolerance （NGT） and 87 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （ T2DM ） were enrolled and each group was divided into no-obese and obese subgroups. Obesity was defined as body mass index （BMI）≥25 kg/m2 according to the World Health Organization -Western Pacific Region diagnostic criteria （2000）. Body fat parameters were measured and BMI, waist-hip ratio were evaluated, meanwhile, the levels of blood glucose-lipid parameters and fasting insulin were also determined. Insulin resistance index （IR） was assessed by homeostasis model assessment （HOMA）. The concentrations of plasma sfrp5 and interleukin 6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma sfrp5 level in T2DM group was significantly lower than that in NGT group [ （ 8.35 ± 3.38 vs 11.35 ± 3.69 ） ng/ml, P〈0.01 ]. The levels of plasma sfrp5 in subjects with obesity were also lower than those in subjects with no-obesity in both NGT and T2DM groups [ （ 9.46± 2.70 vs 13.12 ± 3.62 ） ng/ml and （ 6.70± 2.34 vs 10.12 ± 3.45 ） ng/ml, both P〈0.01 ]. Plasma concentrations of sfrp5 in T2DM-obese group were significantly lower than that in NGT-obese group（ P〈0.01 ）. Correlation analysis showed that plasma sfrp5 levels were negatively correlated with waist-hip ratio, HbAlc, fasting insulin, triglycerides, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, interleukin 6, natural logarithm of HOMA-IR [ In （HOMA-IR） ] , and BMI （ P〈0.01 or P〈0.05 ）. Multiple linear regression showed that In （ HOMA-IR ） , BMI, triglycerides were independent related factors in influencing the levels of plasma sfrp5 （ r2 =0. 216, 0. 177, 0. 113, all P〈0.05 ）. Plasma sfrp5 levels were decreased in obesity and T2DM subjects and were correlated with body fat disposition, glucose-lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and inflammation. Lack of sfrp5 may contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity and T2DM. Key words: Secreted frizzled-related protein5 ; Obesity ; Diabetes mellitus, type 2 ; Inflammation

Relationship of serum ANGPTL4 to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective To investigate the level of serum angiopoietin-like protein 4 （ ANGPTIA ） in normal subjects and patients with obesity and newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus （ T2DM）, and to explore the relationship of serum ANGPTL4 with parameters of body fat, glucose-lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance index （ HOMA-IR）. Methods A total of 160 subjects with normal glucose regulation（NGR） and newly-diagnosed T2DM, were divided into 4 groups ： NGR with normal weight group （ NGR-NW ） , NGR with overweight/obese group （ NGR- OW/OB） , rF2DM with normal weight group （T2DM-NW）, and T2DM with overweight/obesity group （T2DM-OW/ OB） according to their body mass index （BMI）. ELISA was used to determine the level of serum ANGPTIA. The weight, height, waist circunfferenee, hip circumference, waist hip ratio （WHR） , and BMI, fasting insulin （ FINS ） , lipid metabolism parameters, and insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR） were measured. Results Compare with the NGR group, the level of ANGFFIA was significantly decreased in the T2DM group [ （ 25.75 ± 2.85 vs 31.08± 3.35 ） ng/ml, P〈0.01 ], the level of ANGPTIA in OW/OB group was significantly lower than that in the NW group [ （ 27.27 ±3.05 vs 29.04 ± 4.64） ng/ml, P〈0.01 ]. Partial correlation analysis showed that serum ANGPTIA was negatively correlated with BMI, WHR, FPG, 2hPG, HbA1C, FINS, HOMA-IR, AST, ALT, and TG levels（P〈0.01 ）, but positively correlated with the HDL-C （ P〈0.01 ）. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that HbA1C, FINS, and HDL-C were independent risk factors of serum ANGPTIA （β = -0. 825, -0. 119, 3. 301, P〈0.01 ）. Conclusion Sernm ANGPT1A level in T2DM and OW/OB group was lower than that in NGR and NW group. Serum ANGPTIA is associated with FINS and lipid metabolism, suggesting that it may play an important role in the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Key words: A ngiopoietin-like protein 4 ; Lipid metabolism disorders ; Insulin resistance ; Diabetes mellitus,type 2

Correlation of serum leptin, adiponectin and resistin with glucose-lipid metabolism and blood pressure regulation in patients with metabolic syndrome

Correlation of serum leptin, adiponectin and resistin with glucose-lipid metabolism and blood pressure regulation in patients with metabolic syndrome

Sirtuins as Possible Drug Targets in Type 2 Diabetes

The rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health problem in industrialized countries, and new therapeutic strategies to prevent T2DM are urgently needed worldwide. It is well known that calorie restriction (CR) can retard the aging process in organisms ranging from yeast to rodents and delay the onset of numerous age-related diseases, including diabetes. Molecules that mimic CR metabolically may therefore represent new therapeutic targets for T2DM. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), the mammalian homolog of Sir2, was originally identified as a NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase, and its activity is closely associated with longevity under CR. Growing evidence suggests that SIRT1 regulates glucose-lipid metabolism through its deacetylase activity for many known substrates and has many roles in the metabolic pathway through its direct or indirect involvement in insulin signaling in insulin-sensitive organs, including adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle. In addition, SIRT1 regulates insulin secretion, and adiponectin production, inflammation, gluconeogenesis, circadian rhythms and oxidative stress, which together contribute to the development of insulin resistance. Moreover, the overexpression of SIRT1 and several SIRT1 activators have beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in diabetic animal models and humans. Therefore, SIRT1 may represent a new therapeutic target for the prevention of diseases related to insulin resistance and T2DM. In addition, SIRT3 and SIRT6 play crucial roles in glucose and lipid metabolism. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the biological functions of SIRT1, SIRT3 and SIRT6 in metabolism and discuss their potential role as therapeutic targets in T2DM.

Structural Features and Transcriptional Activity of Chicken PPARs (α,β, andγ)

While an understanding of lipid metabolism in chickens is critical for a further improvement of food production, there are few studies concerning differences in lipid metabolism mechanisms between chickens and other species at a molecular level. Chickens have three PPAR gene subtypes (α, β, and γ) that function differently from those present in humans and mice. The chicken PPAR-gamma (cPPARγ) gene is shorter than that in humans and lacks a γ2 isoform. Moreover, in serum-free media, cPPARγ shows high transcriptional activity without exogenous ligands. Luciferase reporter assays were used to examine the effect of sera on cPPAR transcriptional activities and showed that adult bovine serum and chicken serum highly activate cPPARα and β functions. Moreover, we found that bezafibrate induces the transactivation function of cPPARβ, but not human PPARδ (human PPARβ ortholog). This ligand selectivity relies on one amino acid residue (chicken: Val419, human: Met444). These results show the possibilities for unique functions of cPPARs on chicken-specific lipid glucose metabolism. As such, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism in chickens could result in higher productivity for the poultry industry.