Global Transport System Research Articles

АКТУАЛЬНІСТЬ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТРАНСПОРТНО-ЛОГІСТИЧНИХ СИСТЕМ В УМОВАХ ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЇ

In the article the basic problems of forming and development of transport and logistics systems in terms of European integration, the urgency of the need to implement transportation and logistics systems, the influence of logistics as one of the effective tools for planning the organization and management of transport complex in Ukraine, determined the structure of transport and logistics system of Ukraine, analyzed the experience of developed countries in the use of logistics systems and ekonomic shows the effect of their use, defined the European integration one of the main priorities of the Ukrainian state policy, defines five levels of logistic structure integraction in transport and logistics system of Ukraine, analyzed the results of market research international freight. It is concluded that the gradual integration of the transport sector focused Ukraine to European and global transport system through the development of international transport corridors can provide not only additional revenue, but also stimulate investment activity, attract foreign capital, technology improvements transport, transport infrastructure in general and economic development of regions

Evaluation of a multimodal urban arterial: The passenger macroscopic fundamental diagram

This paper aims to extend the concept of macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) to combine different transportation modes. Especially, we propose a unified relationship that accounts for cars and buses because the classical MFD is not sufficient to capture the traffic flow interactions of a multimodal traffic. The concept of passenger macroscopic fundamental diagram (p-MFD) is introduced. With this new relationship, the efficiency of the global transport system, i.e. behaviors of cars and buses, can be assessed. Intuitively, the p-MFD shape strongly depends on the mode ratio. Thus, user equilibrium and system optimum are studied and compared. Finally, this relationship is used to design bus system characteristics and to identify the optimal domains of applications for different transit strategies.

Transport Corridors in the Russian Integration Projects, the Case of the Eurasian Economic Union

The article discusses the political importance of transport corridors in terms of the development of integration projects in the post-Soviet space. The world is witnessing the formation of a single market and transport and communication infrastructure, which intensifies competition among regional and world leaders, both states and non-state actors, such as businesses, markets over the routes of transporting goods. In the medium and long term the value of the control over the transport routes will increase due to the dynamics of economic development in the Asia-Pacific region. Competition for the development of projects of international transport corridors (ITC) between the leading countries in the region will increase, because the ITC entail the formation of a common political space, the reduction of tariff and customs barriers, which provides easy access to the markets of countries linked by ITCs and creates the preconditions for economic integration. The growing political importance of ITC is reflected in the fact that global leaders such as China, the US, the EU, are trying to create their own versions of international land transport corridors connecting Europe and Asia. China is trying to promote their transport project "Economic Belt Silk Road" European countries develop cooperation on ITC TRACECA with other countries of Eurasia. US also embody their interests through the implementation of the project by the ITC in Afghanistan. Transport corridors in Russia are seen as a way to integrate it into the global transportation system and logistics space. To do this, Russia needs to develop Eurasian transport corridors through its territory. As a result of the implementation of transport projects Russia will be able to ensure the transit of goods from China to Europe, which has a positive impact on the economic development of the regions through which they pass. Development of international transportation through Russia will unite many of the players on the world stage: integration associations, state, transnational corporations, business entities, regional authorities.

Long term energy and emission implications of a global shift to electricity-based public rail transportation system

With high reliance on light-duty vehicles in the present, the future of global transportation system is also geared towards private modes, which has significant energy and emission implications. Public transportation has been argued as an alternative strategy for meeting the rising transportation demands of the growing world, especially the poor, in a sustainable and energy efficient way. The present study analyzes an important yet under-researched question – what are the long-term energy and emission implications of an electric rail based passenger transportation system for meeting both long and short distance passenter transportation needs? We analyze a suite of electric rail share scenarios with and without climate policy. In the reference scenario, the transportation system will evolve towards dominance of fossil based light-duty vehicles. We find that an electric rail policy is more successful than an economy wide climate policy in reducing transport sector energy demand and emissions. Economy wide emissions however can only be reduced through a broader climate policy, the cost of which can be reduced by hundreds of billions of dollars across the century when implemented in combination with the transport sector focused electric rail policy. Moreover, higher share of electric rail enhances energy security for oil importing nations and reduces vehicular congestion and road infrastructure requirement as well.

Making hinterland transport more sustainable a multi actor multi criteria analysis

As the key nodes in our global transport system, ports are increasingly pushed to improve the sustainability of their hinterland transport system. In this paper, we use the Multi Actor Multi Criteria Analysis to evaluate four possible measures for improving the sustainability of the ports' hinterland transport systems. This methodology allows explicitly the evaluation of criteria considered relevant by all stakeholders. The analysis shows that additional port handling costs and road pricing are the alternatives that score best overall, while modal split quota are the least preferred option.

The Role of Seaports as Logistics Centers in the Modelling of the Sustainable System for Distribution of Goods in Urban Areas

This publication presents subject matter connected with the role of seaports as integrated logistics centers in the development of sustainable distribution of goods in urban areas.Seaports as integrated logistics centers and multifunctional socio-economic spaces are the key components of the European and global transport system. They carry out the functions and services necessary for the efficiency of supply chains, and their final elements include the distribution of goods from the places of production to places of consumption. Seaports cover the transport, logistic, distribution and spatial functions, which influence city development, while logistics centers cover the distribution function.The development of seaports is a result of their multifunctionality and multimodality focused on the widening of the range of services, which allows them to meet different demands of the environment. Thus, seaports and logistics centers have become elements of urban transport systems included in the EU policy of sustainable development of transport. Particularly important here is the latest implementation of the objectives of the EU White Paper on the development of resource-efficient and low-carbon transport in ecological urban transport.The publication presents existing solutions and possible directions concerning the activity of seaports as logistics centers in the area of urban logistics.

Performance analysis for different designs of a multimodal urban arterial

This article aims to introduce an analysis framework to assess and compare different designs of an urban multimodal arterial before their implementation. Especially, the work focuses on dedicated bus lanes and intermittent bus lanes (IBLs), which are compared to the reference case where the buses and cars are mixed in the same flow. First, analytical considerations highlight the influence of buses and IBLs on traffic dynamics in free-flow conditions. Second, the article resorts to an aggregated and parsimonious model to account for both free-flow and congested traffic states. Such a model provides a better understanding and valuable insights on multimodal traffic dynamics on the arterial. To this end, the concept of passenger fundamental diagram is introduced. With this new relationship, efficiency of the global transport system, i.e. behaviours of cars and buses, is assessed and domains of applications of the different transit strategies are identified.

Modeling the evolution of aerosol particles in a ship plume using PartMC-MOSAIC

Abstract. This study investigates the evolution of ship-emitted aerosol particles using the stochastic particle-resolved model PartMC-MOSAIC (Particle Monte Carlo model-Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry). Comparisons of our results with observations from the QUANTIFY (Quantifying the Climate Impact of Global and European Transport Systems) study in 2007 in the English Channel and the Gulf of Biscay showed that the model was able to reproduce the observed evolution of total number concentration and the vanishing of the nucleation mode consisting of sulfate particles. Further process analysis revealed that during the first hour after emission, dilution reduced the total number concentration by four orders of magnitude, while coagulation reduced it by an additional order of magnitude. Neglecting coagulation resulted in an overprediction of more than one order of magnitude in the number concentration of particles smaller than 40 nm at a plume age of 100 s. Coagulation also significantly altered the mixing state of the particles, leading to a continuum of internal mixtures of sulfate and black carbon. The impact on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations depended on the supersaturation threshold S at which CCN activity was evaluated. For the base case conditions, characterized by a low formation rate of secondary aerosol species, neglecting coagulation, but simulating condensation, led to an underestimation of CCN concentrations of about 37% for S = 0.3% at the end of the 14-h simulation. In contrast, for supersaturations higher than 0.7%, neglecting coagulation resulted in an overestimation of CCN concentration, about 75% for S = 1%. For S lower than 0.2% the differences between simulations including coagulation and neglecting coagulation were negligible. Neglecting condensation, but simulating coagulation did not impact the CCN concentrations below 0.2% and resulted in an underestimation of CCN concentrations for larger supersaturations, e.g., 18% for S = 0.6%. We also explored the role of nucleation for the CCN concentrations in the ship plume. For the base case the impact of nucleation on CCN concentrations was limited, but for a sensitivity case with higher formation rates of secondary aerosol over several hours, the CCN concentrations increased by an order of magnitude for supersaturation thresholds above 0.3%.

A Study on the Comparative Analysis of Port Competitiveness Using AHP

Addressing change in the global sea transportation system in 21st century such as the introduction of “Hub and Spoke” systems, ports across the world have been respectively making various efforts to take the lead in playing their roles as regional hub ports. Considering this change, this research is attempting to find newly rising factors impacting on port competitiveness, especially focusing on the factors that reflect strategic investments in terms of port policy?through comparing major container ports throughout five continents including North America, Indian Sub-continent, and Greater Asia. To indentify key factors, the research uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as the major analytical tool, while identifying priorities from the perspective of consumer-facing competitiveness and policy-facing competitiveness by using a survey result. The research provides relevant entities such as local port authorities, local governments, and national governments with policy implications and future tasks.

Dootrips: A CO2-neutral Global Transportation System based on Collaboration

With more than 30 million articles in 287 languages, Wikipedia allows volunteers from around the world make contributions towards the creation of the most complete encyclopedia ever written by humanity. By collecting 10-second contributions from over 100 million web users a day, project reCAPTCHA has digitized more than 13 million articles of The New York Times, dating from 1851 to the present. 12.5 million active users learn new languages every day using the collaborative platform Duolingo, and while doing so, they are helping to translate online content from one language to another in a costless manner. These are just some of the examples reflecting how we can harness the power of human collaboration to solve some of the most challenging problems in a sustainable manner. In this paper, we present the Dootrip system, a collaborative social-network based technology implementing a CO2-neutral global transportation system. By focusing on technology, information sharing, excess capacity and global collaboration, the Dootrip system effectively enables the transport of goods without incurring any economic cost and without altering the planet's ecological footprint. We have implemented the Dootrip system as part of the Labdoo humanitarian social network to help deliver unused laptops sanitized and loaded with education software to schools in need around the globe. Having planted the first seed in Southern California, in three years the Labdoo/Dootrip system has organically grown and spread across more than 90 countries, providing laptops to a growing number of more than 270 schools and servicing more than 65,000 children.

SAFETY OF AVIATION IN GLOBAL CONTEXT OF THE WORLD AIR TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT

Increasing of civil aviation safety level is one of principal objectives of world air transport development. Present research paper discusses modern trends of civil aviation activity. Special attention is paid to efficiency, safety and security of the global air transport system

The character of a global transport infrastructure: Jules Verne’s Around the World in Eighty Days

Jules Verne’s Le Tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours, serialized in 1872 and published in English in 1874 as Around the World in Eighty Days, displays through its hero the character, in both senses of the term, of the new global public transport system that had transformed long-distance travel in the nineteenth century. Verne’s fiction imagines the community defined by this system in three particular elements: A high-speed public transport network creates a community of people by extending their synchronic collective sense of ongoing separate simultaneous activity and, collaterally, unifies them historically as contemporaries defined by the current mode, form and speed of their transport network; it creates this community of people irrespective of the individual purposes for which they use the transport system; and individuals comprehend this networked community by projecting an omniscient-like perspective through which they imagine themselves and others as circulating bodies in it.

Green port dues — The case of hinterland transport

As the economy becomes increasingly specialised and globalised, the importance of logistics also increases. For global transportation systems, seaports play a key role as transhipment hubs. As seaports incorporate and coordinate hinterland logistic activities within the activities of the port, the strategies they employ influence the decisions made by both local and global logistic service providers. From an environmental and social perspective, seaports are thus key actors in transportation systems, and many ports have also developed corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies. This paper examines one such strategy – green port dues – and shows how the integration of hinterland logistics and ports opens the possibility for differentiated port dues to be used as a tool to internalise external cost in the transportation systems and ensure the effectiveness of hinterland transport.

Eigenstructure and Exergy Calculations for Superstatistical Integration of Global Transport and Urban Systems

Eigenstructure and Exergy Calculations for Superstatistical Integration of Global Transport and Urban Systems

Improved security for commercial container transports using an innovative active RFID system

The huge number of containers daily involved in the global transportation system opens important logistic and security issues. The matter of improving the management of goods in the harbor and the serious vulnerability problem of containers are relevant topics in the commercial supply chain. In fact, both can be easily exploited as carriers for illegal and dangerous items. In this paper, we focus on the security of commercial containers starting with the analysis of the most common technologies presently used in the field. Then, we concentrate on the research carried out by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission in the field of supply chain security. In particular, we discuss in-depth our innovative active RFID-based sealing systems designed at the JRC, giving a detailed technological description of its working logic and main features. Experimental results of the laboratory tests are presented, in order to show the performance of the system and its capabilities in improving security in commercial transportation systems.

Workers' rights and sustainable mobility

REPORT□ TRANSPORTUNIONSANDCLIMATE CHANGE Workers' rights and sustainable mobility Formany transport trade unions,climate change is a relatively new area ofwork. Unionsneed to account forhow workerswillbe affectedby climate change and climate protectionpolicies MANA DAVE IsEducation Officer atthe International» ,m m JUta J itPnJnMallaM Transpon ,m mvvoíkbts rooBranoii In London The port provides urgency unions a massive to of mobilise addressing opportunity for climate deep for and change transradi providesa massiveopportunity fortransportunionsto mobilisefordeep and radical changes in the global transport system. Neoliberal transport policieshaveseriously eroded transport workers' rights and terms and conditionsof employment. These same profit and growth-driven policieshave led to a substantial increasein transport emissions globally. Science tellsus thatimmediate and far-reaching changes arenecessary ifwe areto avoidcatastrophic climatechange .Whilethescienceis nowgenerally accepted,thenature and scale ofthesechanges arecontested and driven byconflicting interests. The abilityof workersto asserttheirinterests through collective actionshouldbe strengthened by organising and buildingstrongunions in transport workplaces. Butunionsalso havetobe heard beyond the workplace. The struggle againstclimatechange requireslinkingworkplace demandsto a widerset of demandsfor alternatives to theneoliberal modeloftransport and the dominanteconomic systemwhich it serves.Itis onlya genuinely sustainable economy and transport systemthat can guarantee workers' needsandrights as wellas theability of theplanettosustain life. To stimulate discussion andpolicydecisions on theseissues,theInternational Transport Workers' Federation CITF')hasbegunan intensive engagementwithitsaffiliates . We believeitis crucially important that unionefforts tocontrol andreduce emissions are groundedin a clearand comprehensiveassessment of thechallengesposed by climatechange;an awarenessof boththe real and potential climatesolutionsinvolving transportandother keyeconomicsectors, anda sense ofwhatstrategies transport unionscan pursuein ordertomakea difference. In collaboration with theGlobal LaborInstitute at CornellUniversity, theITF climatechangeworking grouprecently developeda discussionframework from which extracts forthisarticle havebeen drawn. Cheap transport drivesemissions upwards Cheap transport is theblood thatrunsthrough theveinsoftheliberalised globaleconomy. Ithas been achievedin partbyremoving government regulations ontransport, -by lowering thepayand conditions oftransport workers, andbysubsidisingfuelcosts .Theenvironmental andsocialprice ofcheap transportation is thenpaid byworkers and communities in the formof lowerwages, precarious work, longhours, poorhealth, as well as noise, pollution,and now climatechange. Whiledataonglobaljobgrowth intransportation is sketchy, thenumber ofjobs in transportation has almostcertainly risensharply inthelasttwo decades or so. However,unions are acutely awarethatin mostinstances thequality ofjobs createdin thetransport sectorare verypoor in terms of income, stability, and safety. Furthermore, because oftheir rolein defending transport workers'pay and conditions, unions have come underattackin manyareas of the world.In theUS, motor carriers have compete^ forbusinessby cutting wages, not raisingefficiency . Sincederegulation beganin1980,79 percentofthetotalcostsavingscanbe attributed to wage and benefit cutsalone,andtheproportion of drivers belongingto unionshas plummeted from 60 percentto just11 percent. In aviation, British Airways' recent movetocutjobs and end thetravel benefits ofcabincrewis justthelatest in a long series of cost-cutting measures. Examplesareendless. Neoliberal policies have exacerbatedboth environmental problems and socialproblems in othersectors, but thisis especiallytruein the case oftransportation. A measure ofthisisthe29 percentincreasein emissionsfromfossilfuels thatoccurred between2000and 2008.Thisdramatic increase is partially explainedbyincreased motorisation of the global South and sharp increasesin globaltradethattookplace during thesame period.The estimates fortotalfreight costsforall modesoftransport arejust5.9 percentofthevalueofimports ; theshareislowerin developedcountries (4.8 percent) and higher in developing countries (7.7 percent). The low cost of movinggoods is therefore a majordriver of globalisation. Whilemuch attention has been paid to the increasein global trade,it is also important to notethatneoliberalpolicieshave also seen,an increase inmostcountries intheuse ofthemost polluting meansofmoving goods.Forexample, driven bysubsidiesand neglected infrastructure, US freight movedby road has increasedat the expenseoffreight movedbyrail.Thisnotonly generatesmoreemissions, it impairsefficiency andsafety andexactsa highcostinterms ofpublic health.TodaytheUS transport system emits moreC02 thantheentire economyofanyother nation, excluding onlyChina. According to theIntergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange (IPCC), transport-based emissions are presently 13.1 percentof totalGHG emissions. Inhigh-income economies, transportation 's shareofGHGemissions isevenhigher - 26 percentin theUnitedStatesand nearly19 percentintheEuropeanUnion . As we look towardsdevelopingsolutionsto both the environmental and social problems associatedwithtoday'stransport systems, it is important to recognise thatthe'growth imperative ' in the economyexistedlong beforethe INTERNATIONAL union rights Page 24Volume 17Issue 32010 neoliberal periodand willcontinue even in the eventofa significant policyshift to correct the excessesof free-market ideology.Risingemissionsandclimate changearetherefore symptoms ofa deep disharmony betweenthedynamics of globalcapitalism andourfragile ecosystems. The stability of one is seemingly incompatible with thestability oftheother. Therefore anyalternative policy framework that fails tounderstand and reverse thesystemic drivefortraditional growth and accumulation, (wheremostof thebenefits are enjoyedby a minority) will simplyreplace one failed modelwithanother. This requiresthat transport unions take a 'whole economy'approachto climatechange and emissions reductions. We shouldview the growth inemissions from transport as a reflection ofwhatisgoingon intoday's globaleconomy in toto,and recognisethatreducing emissionsin transportation willrequire...

Realising the global next-generation air transportation system

Although global air traffic demand has slowed as a result of the current global recession, numerous projections show the beginning of a gradual recovery in the air transportation industry. In anticipation of increased demand, civil aviation authorities are working to improve their ability to meet capacity and demand expectations. Many nations are either planning or are beginning to implement methods to increase service delivery while reducing user and service provider costs. To justify the financial commitments for changes that enable system transformation, stakeholders need assurances that modernisation efforts will provide not only local, but global, benefits and seamless flight operations.

極超音速旅客機による輸送ネットワークの初期検討

The commercial success of a hypersonic airliner is discussed from a viewpoint of its operational convenience. In the hypersonic regime, a lift-to-drag ratio is generally small due to a large wave drag, which results not only in small cruising range but also in an operational inconvenience. To overcome this drawback, we propose a transportation network with multiple hypersonic airliners. The analysis of the operation diagram demonstrates that the travel time of passengers can be significantly reduced in the absence of the arrival and departure in late evening or early morning thanks to the combination of the high flight velocity and flexible network operation, even if the range of the hypersonic transport is limited to 7,330km. Consequently, the network operation will greatly enhance the potential of the hypersonic aircraft for future high-speed global transportation system.

The potential of liquid hydrogen for the future ‘carbon-neutral’ air transport system

Global air traffic has grown considerably over the past two decades, contributing both to the globalization of the economy and overall welfare of society on the one hand and increasing emissions of greenhouse gases and local noise on the other. The latter has raised questions whether such a growing demand can continue to sustain, particularly regarding the long-term management of greenhouse gas emissions. This paper elaborates the potential of cryogenic aircraft using liquid hydrogen to achieve the ‘carbon-neutral’ air transport system. A model is developed to estimate the emissions of greenhouse gases following the gradual replacement of conventional by cryogenic aircraft according to different scenarios based on ‘what–if’ reasoning. This model is applied to the global air transport system.

Protecting public health and global freight transportation systems during an influenza pandemic

The H5N1 influenza threat is resulting in global preparations for the next influenza pandemic. Pandemic influenza planners are prioritizing scarce vaccine, antivirals, and public health support for different segments of society. The freight, bulk goods, and energy transportation network comprise the maritime, rail, air, and trucking industries. It relies on small numbers of specialized workers who cannot be rapidly replaced if lost due to death, illness, or voluntary absenteeism. Because transportation networks link economies, provide critical infrastructures with working material, and supply citizens with necessary commodities, disrupted transportation systems can lead to cascading failures in social and economic systems. However, some pandemic influenza plans have assigned transportation workers a low priority for public health support, vaccine, and antivirals. The science of Transportation Geography demonstrates that transportation networks and workers are concentrated at, or funnel through, a small number of chokepoints and corridors. Chokepoints should be used to rapidly and efficiently vaccinate and prophylax the transportation worker cohort and to implement transmission prevention measures and thereby protect the ability to move goods. Nations, states, the transportation industry and unions, businesses, and other stakeholders must plan, resource, and exercise, and then conduct a transportation health assurance and security campaign for an influenza pandemic.