Problem Of Climate Change Research Articles

Who and what belongs to us? Towards a comprehensive concept of inclusion and planetary citizenship

In this theoretical article, we ask who and what belongs to us. We aim to conceptualise planetary citizenship and identify the scale for experiences of planetary inclusion. As a basis for the planetary approach, we utilise systems thinking and eudaimonic well-being that transcends hedonism and materialism and that focuses on meaningful and purposeful living, personal growth, engagement and positive relationships. Expanding the concept of human participation is necessary as the contemporary lifeworld has gradually stretched beyond the traditional boundaries of local communities and nation-state societies. Furthermore, the lifestyle of people living in high-income industrial countries has also been noted to have serious consequences in wider circles of life. Thus, human–biosphere relationships must be renegotiated to strengthen responsible citizenship and facilitate caring for life on Earth. To promote this ideal, we widen the already validated scale for experiences of social inclusion towards a scale for experiences of planetary inclusion. We introduce the concept of planetary citizenship, which enhances the concept of inclusion. Planetary citizenship refers to a life orientation where the boundary between humans and the rest of nature disappears. It refers to the citizen who is simultaneously a local, global and planetary actor. The attachment to something larger could help planetary citizens grow towards being a person who is aware and reflective and can look at the world from new perspectives. Experiences of planetary inclusion could also help to solve the problems of climate change, depletion of natural resources and biodiversity loss.

Deep learning framework with Bayesian data imputation for modelling and forecasting groundwater levels

Although traditional physical models have been used to analyse groundwater systems, the emergence of novel machine learning models can improve the accuracy of the predictions. Deep learning has been prominent in environmental and climate change problems. In this paper, we present a framework for utilising deep learning models to predict groundwater levels based on nearby streamflow and rainfall data. We address the missing data problem using a Bayesian linear regression model within the deep learning framework. Our deep learning framework utilises models such as long-short term memory (LSTM) networks and convolutional neural networks (CNN) for multi-step ahead time series prediction. We examine the fluctuations in groundwater levels at various boreholes located near Middle Creek in New South Wales, Australia. We use the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS) groundwater database and utilise Bayesian linear regression to impute missing data. We investigate the accuracy of the selected models for individual and regional basins and univariate and multivariate strategies. Our results show that the LSTM-based regional model with multivariate strategy using rainfall data provided the best accuracy.

Evolutionary Game Analysis of Governments’ and Enterprises’ Carbon-Emission Reduction

With the increasingly serious problem of global climate change, many countries are positively promoting carbon-emission-reduction actions. In order to deeply explore the interaction between enterprises’ carbon-emission reduction and governments’ regulation, this paper builds evolutionary game models between governments and enterprises under the reward-and-punishment mechanism. The peer-incentive mechanism is introduced to incentivize enterprises to reduce carbon emissions and coordinate governments and enterprises. The evolutionary-stability strategies are obtained by solving the evolutionary game models. The stability of equilibrium points under different situations is theoretically and numerically studied. The results show that the existence of peer incentives makes enterprises more inclined to positively reduce carbon emissions and governments more inclined to positively regulate. A sufficiently large peer fund can always encourage enterprises to choose positive carbon-reduction emission strategies, while governments choose positive regulation strategies. Not only the increasing rewards and fines but also lowering regulatory costs will promote carbon-emission-reduction behaviors of enterprises. Peer incentives are more effective in promoting positive emission reduction of enterprises compared with rewards and punishments. This study can provide important guidance for governments to formulate regulatory strategies and for enterprises to formulate emission-reduction strategies.

Towards sustainable development in African countries: Are modern and combustible renewable energies effective?

AbstractEnvironmental degradation and climate change problems in the African continent seriously hit country economies and human health, negatively affecting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). African countries have the potential to use economic development and renewable energy as a tool for their environmental sustainability. In this context, this study examines the effects of economic growth, modern renewable energy, and combustible renewable energy on ecological footprint (EF) in five African countries. To this end, the study uses novel regularization common correlated effects and half‐panel jackknife approaches on data from 2006 to 2020. The findings of the study show that economic progress effectively reduces the EF of African countries, but renewable energy does not contribute to ecological progress. Due to their insufficient and ineffective utilization, renewable energies are not an important tool for improving ecological systems. Therefore, African countries should prioritize their economic development as a priority goal. Based on the results, African countries experiencing economic advancement should bolster for SDGs objectives through green financial incentives.

The Impact of the Carbon Emission Trading Shadow Price on the Green Total Factor Productivity of the Power Industry in China

To mitigate the problem of global climate change, governments have taken measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon emission trading has gradually attracted attention as a market-oriented option. Power industry panel data from 30 provinces in China were used for an empirical analysis in this study. The super-efficiency Slack-Based Measure (SBM) model was used to calculate the shadow price of carbon trading and the green total factor productivity (GTFP), and the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model was used to quantitatively analyze the correlation between the shadow price of carbon trading and the GTFP of the power industry. The results showed that the shadow price of carbon trading had a significantly negative impact on the GTFP of the power industry; therefore, it needs to be improved and perfected. Through a further analysis using the heterogeneity test, it was found that there were problems in the current carbon trading price mechanism. In the face of the above problems, we offer suggestions for improvement from the perspectives of the government and companies. This study helps deepen the understanding of carbon trading prices and the GTFP in the power industry, and it provides a reference for formulating more effective carbon trading policies and corporate green management strategies.

Interactive effects of drought and deforestation on multitrophic communities and aquatic ecosystem functions in the Neotropics-a test using tank bromeliads.

Together with the intensification of dry seasons in Neotropical regions, increasing deforestation is expected to exacerbate species extinctions, something that could lead to dramatic shifts in multitrophic communities and ecosystem functions. Recent studies suggest that the effects of habitat loss are greater where precipitation has decreased. Yet, experimental studies of the pure and interactive effects of drought and deforestation at ecosystem level remain scarce. Here, we used rainshelters and transplantation from rainforest to open areas of natural microcosms (the aquatic ecosystem and microbial-faunal food web found within the rainwater-filled leaves of tank bromeliads) to emulate drought and deforestation in a full factorial experimental design. We analysed the pure and interactive effects of our treatments on functional community structure (including microorganisms, detritivore and predatory invertebrates), and on leaf litter decomposition in tank bromeliad ecosystems. Drought or deforestation alone had a moderate impact on biomass at the various trophic level, but did not eliminate species. However, their interaction synergistically reduced the biomass of all invertebrate functional groups and bacteria. Predators were the most impacted trophic group as they were totally eliminated, while detritivore biomass was reduced by about 95%. Fungal biomass was either unaffected or boosted by our treatments. Decomposition was essentially driven by microbial activity, and did not change across treatments involving deforestation and/or drought. Our results suggest that highly resistant microorganisms such as fungi (plus a few detritivores) maintain key ecosystem functions in the face of drought and habitat change. We conclude that habitat destruction compounds the problems of climate change, that the impacts of the two phenomena on food webs are mutually reinforcing, and that the stability of ecosystem functions depends on the resistance of a core group of organisms. Assuming that taking global action is more challenging than taking local-regional actions, policy-makers should be encouraged to implement environmental action plans that will halt habitat destruction, to dampen any detrimental interactive effect with the impacts of global climate change.

Enhancing building energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions through sustainable cement block admixtures

ABSTRACT Buildings account for about 40% of total electricity use in the world for artificial cooling and artificial day lighting and they are also responsible for 40% CO2 emissions. The reduction of energy consumption in the building sector is a major challenge to cope with the scarcity of fossil energy resources and the problem of climate change. Hence, to decrease energy consumption and contribute to reducing CO2 emissions, different alternative building materials have been investigated. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of incorporation of fly ash, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), ceramic waste powder (silica and alumina rich) and barite powder (as partial replacement to cement) on the thermal properties and thermal performance of the resulting cement blocks. This study also investigates the thermo-economic performance of building walls constructed with blocks of various cement blocks in distinct climatic zones of India. The building concept with the wall configuration (CC 50) demonstrated the greatest yearly air conditioning savings (0.37 and 0.34 $/m2) and the greatest annual reduction in carbon emissions (7.21 and 6.37 kg/kWh) in both hot-arid (Madras) and composite (Jabalpur) climatic zones.

Examining honey production with Geographic Information Systems (GIS): The example of Ordu province

Beekeeping is an example of economic farming with its products that can be done without being dependent on plant and ecological production because of its contribution to pollination. This study aims to examine Ordu province, which has been at the top of Turkey's beekeeping activities and honey production for years, with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based on honey production data between 2013 and 2022. By evaluating the honey production data of registered breeders in Ordu province, cartographic maps were produced to evaluate the spatial projection of honey production for the last ten years. After creating a GIS-based database, district-based shape file (.shp extension) data was used for spatial analysis and mapping of the obtained outputs. After these data were defined in the WGS 84 EPSG:4326 coordinate reference system, the spatial distribution of honey production and yield throughout the study period was analyzed using the open-source QGIS version 3.18.3 software. It was determined that the highest honey production belonged to registered beekeepers in Altınordu district during the relevant time period. Altınordu is also the district with the highest number of registered enterprises. It was determined that the honey production data and the number of enterprises of the beekeepers in Gülyalı district, which is one of the neighbouring districts of this district, are lower than Altınordu district. After Altınordu district, Perşembe, Ulubey, Gürgentepe and Gölköy districts have an important place in honey production. Although these districts are neighbours like Gülyalı district, their high production may have resulted from the difference in cooperation between the districts. As a result, it was determined that honey production activities in Ordu province and districts, which is an important city in terms of honey production, vary depending on the districts. The problem of climate change, which is predicted that the world will be exposed to more in the near future, also directs beekeeping activities towards nomadic beekeeping. It can be said that like most of the breeders in Ordu province, registered beekeepers in other cities will be more orientated towards nomadic beekeeping against the threat of global warming.

Energy, exergy and economic (3E) analysis of a novel integration process based on coal-fired power plant with CO2 capture & storage, CO2 refrigeration, and waste heat recovery

CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) are critical technical measures to effectively mitigate the global climate change problem. However, most of the existing research has focused on the capture end and lacks in-depth analysis of subsequent processes such as compression, leading to limitations in the improvement of system economics. Therefore, a novel CCS system for a 300 MW coal-fired power plant was proposed in this paper with two strategies: (1) a CCS system integrating CO2 refrigeration cycle (CFPP-CCS-CRC); and (2) a CCS co-generation plant integrating CO2 refrigeration cycle (CHP-CCS-CRC). The proposed systems’ performance was comparatively evaluated by applying energy, exergy, and economic (3E) analyses. The results demonstrated that at different CO2 capture percentages (13.1 %∼72.9 %), the CHP-CCS-CRC system has improved energy utilization efficiency by 1.2 %∼5.6 % and exergy efficiency by 7.7 %∼25.8 %, compared to the conventional CCUS system (CFPP-CCS). In particular, at a percentage of 13.1 %, the combined energy consumption of the CHP-CCS-CRC system was 0.39 GJ/tCO2, a 79 % reduction compared to 1.87 GJ/tCO2 of the CFPP-CCS system, which resulted in a static payback period of less than 2 years. In general, the newly proposed system features more adequate energy utilization, lower operating costs, and higher economic efficiency.

A model to follow? The EU and global eco-social policy

In this article, we study the political project promoted by the European Commission (EC) for tackling simultaneously socioeconomic and environmental issues. Based on a detailed analysis of the most relevant EC policy documents (adopted between 2000 and 2020) that explicitly articulate ecological and socioeconomic questions, we offer two contributions to the literature on eco-social policy. First, we identify the nature of what we call the ‘European Eco-Social Model’. This political project subordinates social-ecological goals to the economic rationality of growth, competitiveness and profits and de-politicizes the efforts to promote more sustainable societies and economies. Second, we show how the Commission is repositioning itself as a global leader in the transformation to sustainability, attempting to extend its particular eco-social model to the whole world. Overall, we argue that this ‘model’ is based on self-contradictory assumptions and cannot demonstrate how it should be able to solve problems of social inequality and climate change on a global level.

Green energy innovation initiatives for environmental sustainability: current state and future research directions.

Worldwide, all countries have been facing the crisis of climate change problem. They have been addressing this issue by focusing on implementing green energy innovation initiatives and promoting a sustainable future through environmental sustainability. In this research study, we focus on examining the role of green finance through green energy innovations, which are taking place in several sectors across different regions to promote environmental sustainability. The study has analysed 152 articles on this research domain through a systematic literature review to understand the present state of existing knowledge. The current study examines the Scopus-indexed research articles from the time period 2002 to 2023. Six emerging themes have been examined to understand their development and the potential impact of green initiatives for environmental sustainability. Various institutional theories have been explored to understand their association with the investigated research area. The paper has discussed multiple challenges that need to be addressed for the speedy implementation of green innovations. Finally, future research questions have been proposed based on the findings from the extant literature and the existing research gaps.

Molecular Biological Methods to Assess Different Botrytis cinerea Strains on Grapes

Botrytis cinerea is a well-known pathogen that can be challenging to control in crops, such as wine grapes. To adapt to the increasing problems of climate change and strain resistance, it is important to find new methods to detect Botrytis cinerea and differentiate strains. These methods include strain differentiation and classification by simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and early detection of the fungus by qPCR. Various strains were analysed using SSR markers and either agarose gel electrophoresis or capillary sequencing via PCR. A sensitive qPCR method was refined to achieve an early detection method for the pathogen. The results demonstrate promising ways to distinguish between strains using both agarose gel electrophoresis and capillary sequencing as well as to detect infection before it becomes visible on grapes. This can be used to further understand and analyse different Botrytis cinerea strain characteristics such as laccase activity, regional or annual effects. The early detection method can be used to better prepare growers for an impending infection so that targeted efforts can be made.

Vegetable Cultivation as A Solution to The Problem of Poverty in Indonesia

Objective: The increasing number of poor people in urban areas always creates new problems in society. So there is a need for solutions from various fields, both in the economic, social, environmental, and climate change fields. This research found one way that planting vegetables in the yard is considered a solution to the problem of poverty. Theoretical framework: This research found a plan for planting vegetables in the yard to be a guide for those who are interested in carrying it out. By planting vegetables in the yard of the house, it is considered that the problem of poverty in the city can be slightly resolved. Method: This study uses a qualitative method. 83 research informants were low-income residents of the slum area of Medan City, and literature data about strategies for overcoming poverty through gardening in the yard of the house further strengthened this data collection. Results and conclusion: The results of this study found that planting vegetables in the yard can contribute to overcoming problems of income, purchasing power, nutrition, health, environmental sanitation, and climate change. Implications of the research: So research on vegetable cultivation is considered one of the strategies for overcoming the problems of malnutrition and poverty. Originality/value: This research will be a lesson on how to independently carry out a planting system in your own yard.

Coping with Environmental Crisis: Ecological Responsibility and Contemporary Practice in Marx's Happiness View

With the acceleration of the process of globalization and the rapid development of industrialization, human society is facing serious environmental crises, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, land desertification and other problems become increasingly prominent. In this context, the Marxist concept of happiness highlights its importance in dealing with the environmental crisis. Starting from the basic idea of Marx's happiness view, the harmonious development of man and nature is an important condition for realizing human happiness. How Marx regards the relationship between man and nature as the fundamental basis for realizing human happiness and emphasizes the importance of environmental protection and ecological balance. The contemporary practice of Marxist happiness concept in promoting green development, strengthening environmental laws and policies, raising public environmental awareness and strengthening international cooperation.

РАЗВИТИЕ ИНСТИТУТОВ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ НА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ АПК НА ОСНОВЕ ESG-КОНЦЕПЦИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН)

Currently, companies around the world are faced with the task of not only increasing their own efficiency and competitiveness, but also complying with the principles of sustainable development. The relevance of this task is determined by increasing climate change and social problems, which force stakeholders to put forward new demands for environmental responsibility and social commitment of business. The ESG concept is a modern concept of doing business based on the principles of sustainable development. It should be noted that the application of ESG in agribusinesses is particularly specific due to the dual role they play in society and the economy: on the one hand, being large sources of greenhouse gas emissions and consumers of natural resources, on the other hand, ensuring food security and promoting development rural areas. The object of the study is the system of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tatarstan. The purpose of the study is to characterize the potential of the ESG concept for the development of sustainable development institutions in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Tatarstan and to identify the most effective practices for strengthening the integration of ESG principles into the activities of agro-industrial enterprises. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature on the topic of ESG and sustainable development in the agro-industrial complex, statistical analysis, general scientific methods. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the possibilities of applying the ESG concept at enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tatarstan, identifying and systematizing factors that promote or hinder sustainable development in this area.

Carbon Emission and Economical Impact of Conversion Yamaha N-Max 150cc into Electric Motorcycle

Due to the increasing usage of oil-powered vehicles, the transportation industry is the largest contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. Electric vehicles can be a potential solution to the climate change problem because the greenhouse gas emissions produced by electric vehicles are significantly lower than those produced by vehicles with fossil view resources. On the other hand, cost of ownership electric vehicles is highly priced for the middle and lower classes. Therefore, the conversion of conventional vehicles to electric vehicles is growing popularity in the community. As a result, the Indonesian Government, through the Ministry of Transportation, has issued several regulations to control conversion operations so that they can give the benefits they should. Compared to traditional ICE vehicles of the same motorcycle type, Yamaha N-Max-type convertibles can save up to 7.7 times the energy expenses and emit 4 times fewer greenhouse gas emissions; consequently, conversion vehicles can be an alternate solution.

Socialization of the Sustainable Construction Management Budget through Community Service in the Mekarsari Boarding House Construction Project

Sustainable construction management has become an important issue in this modern era due to limited natural resources, climate change and environmental problems. One construction sector that has great potential for implementing sustainable development principles is boarding houses. The demand for affordable and comfortable boarding houses continues to increase along with population growth and urbanization. However, unsustainable boarding house construction can have a negative impact on the environment and public health. Socialization of the sustainable construction management budget for the Mekarsari boarding house construction project through community service aims to introduce sustainable practices to relevant stakeholders. In the implementation method, identifying weaknesses, training, community formation, evaluation, and knowledge dissemination are key steps. The results of this community service include increasing the knowledge of project partners, forming a community that cares about sustainable development, and implementing sustainable practices in boarding house construction projects. Even though there are challenges, such as paradigm changes and regulatory complexity, this community service has great potential to become an inspiring example in the construction industry. The importance of continuing support for sustainable practices, increasing knowledge dissemination, realizing regulations, integrating technological innovation, and promoting cross-sector collaboration. By following these suggestions, this project can have a greater impact in driving positive change in the construction industry towards more sustainable development.

대학 교양으로서 일반생물학 수업에서 ‘기후 변화’ 교육

Climate change is an urgent and important problem that all humanity must solve. Therefore, it is indisputable that climate change education should be provided in universities, especially as part of liberal education. This study explored possible climate change education in biology. For this purpose, we analyzed the contents of the general biology curriculum in the general education curriculum and investigated and analyzed the topics of the general biology curriculum offered by public and private universities in the metropolitan area and local regions. As a result we came to the conclusion that general biology classes as a liberal arts subject must, in principle, include an ecology unit in the curriculum. However, most universities in Korea do not include this unit in their general biology curriculum. As a countermeasure, even if the entire ecology unit cannot be included in the curriculum for one or two semesters, the class can connect five to six topics related to climate change to other units. Otherwise, like some universities, there is a need to open a separate ecology course. Alternatively, other science courses that include climate change could be offered. In this case, though, guidance is needed for students to take the courses, and the need for climate change education for teachers in charge of course guidance remains an issue. In addition, various other liberal arts education subjects, including not only biology but also natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences, should also make such attempts to help solve the problem of climate change. Moreover, we propose adding content on climate change to the ‘Purpose of Liberal Education’ statement established by the Korea National Institute for General Education.

Analysis of decoupling between CO2 emissions and economic growth in China's provincial capital cities: A Tapio model approach

Large amounts of CO2 emissions often accompany economic growth. The decoupling analysis is a common approach to assess how economic growth can be achieved without significant negative environmental impacts and by promoting energy conservation and emission reduction. Cities are essential in mitigating climate change problems and promoting low-carbon living. This study analyzes the relationship between economic development and CO2 emissions in Chinese provincial capitals from 2011 to 2021. The Tapio decoupling model and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition model are used to assess this decoupling relationship based on panel CO2 emissions and GDP data. The results show that: (1) CO2 emissions are still growing at a slow pace, but with big fluctuations during 2019–2021 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) Cities have significant differences, with some cities reaching a stable weak decoupling, and others with unstable decoupling. Also, economically developed cities have significant advantages; (3) Economic output is still the main factor inhibiting decoupling. The inhibiting effect of population growth is gradually stabilizing. Results demonstrate that energy technology and economic structure have a great role in promoting decoupling. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of energy efficiency and sustainable development through advanced technologies, economic restructuring, and low-carbon strategies for transition toward climate-resilient urban development.

Livestock and climate change frames and interaction strategies in East Africa: exploring tensions between adaptation and mitigation options

ABSTRACT East African livestock systems, which support many livelihoods, are suffering from climate change but also contribute a large portion of national greenhouse gas emissions. There are various ways to frame livestock and climate change problems and solutions. We use data from interviews, policy documents and participant observations of science-policy interfaces in Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda to answer: (1) How do frames used by scientists and policymakers affect discussions about climate change and livestock keeping in East Africa? and (2) What framing interaction strategies are employed to deal with ambiguity in science-policy interfaces? Findings show emphasis is given to framings describing livestock and climate change problems and less to response framings. While adaptation and mitigation are both used as issue frames in general discussions, funding availability to address climate issues draws attention to the need for measurement, reporting and verification systems, leading to more concrete discussions on mitigation-related response options and less attention on adaptation. Actors use different interactional framing strategies to co-construct meaning around problems and response options. The findings highlight the need for governments and partners to co-create knowledge on how livestock interventions can address adaptation and mitigation simultaneously to move away from the adaptation-mitigation divide in response framings.