Global Mission Research Articles

Addressing Surgical Care Disparities: Residents' Involvement in Global Mission Trips.

Humanitarian mission trips have been organized by several residency programs and organizations to cater to surgical care in underdeveloped countries. While there is cross-talk on the existence of such opportunities, there is a paucity of guidance to residents on participation in such trips, their benefits, and the myriad of intangibles to consider while planning to pursue such opportunities. Through this article, the authors highlight the background and utility of humanitarian surgical missions and summarize the clinical and surgical experiences that these trips offer for residents choosing to embark on these altruistic journeys.

Hélène Vu Thanh and Ines G. Županov, eds., Trade and Finance in Global Missions (16th–18th Centuries)

Hélène Vu Thanh and Ines G. Županov, eds., Trade and Finance in Global Missions (16th–18th Centuries)

Occurrence of BNT162b2 Vaccine Adverse Reactions Is Associated with Enhanced SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Response.

Promoting SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has been a global mission since the first vaccines were approved for emergency use. Alongside the excitement following the possibility of eradicating SARS-CoV-2 and ending the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been ample vaccine hesitancy, some due to the abundant reporting of adverse reactions. We report here that the occurrence of BNT162b2 vaccine adverse reactions is associated with enhanced antibody response. We found a statistically significant correlation between having an adverse reaction, whether local or systemic, and higher antibody levels. No sex difference was observed in antibody levels. However, as was recently reported, the antibody response was found to be lower among older vaccinees. The demonstration of a clear correlation between adverse reactions and antibody levels may help reduce vaccination hesitancy by reassuring that the presence of such reactions is an indication of a well-functioning immune system.

The Metascience of the Academy of Management: Supporting the Global Manager

This is a theory and evidence-based exploration of the emerging Academy of Management metascience as an historical, international organization and social institution. Informed by industrial relations method for inquiry into the “web of rules” governing organizations and insight-based critical realism, I describe two parameters for situating research within the 26 divisions and interest groups (DIGs). First, there developed a horizontal research parameter between organizations and markets. The second vertical parameter ranges between individual and societal level analytics, such as between individual educational predictors for academic success to macro level societal studies. This parameter enables a criterion-predictor empirical modelling approach that appears to be a newly emergent feature of the Academy’s metascience. My exploration first clarifies these parameters. The Academy founding principles are then reviewed, along with a content analysis of Academy journal editor retrospectives. These trace a decades long privileging of quantitative, quasi-experimental design policy favoring statistical modelling. A convenience sample of business statistics texts indicates that the quasi-experimental design vocabulary of dependent – independent style psychological modelling is the dominant methods language available in current training texts. The criterion-predictor alternative for qualitative or quantitative inquiry described is wholly overlooked, although it offers an engaged epistemology for strategizing value-informed outcomes. From predictors of student academic success, to spirituality or religious assessments of workplace authenticity, to goals associated with diversity and change management and sustainability criteria like the triple-bottom line (TBL), this exploratory study captures key methods elements about the Academy’s dynamic, emerging metascience, enabling further dialogue to advance its historical, global mission.

Elements Necessary for All Missions Working in Israel

This article is an exegesis on the Great Commission in Matthew 28:18–20 by using a grammatical historical approach. A grammatical historical approach on Matthew 28:18–20 demonstrates that Jesus’ authority in heaven and on earth is a global authority. Furthermore, the commissioning of Jesus’ disciples to go and make disciples of all nations, baptise them in the name of the Father the Son and the Holy Spirit and teach them to observe all things that Jesus has commanded them, is a call to global mission. When Jesus promised the disciples that he would be always with them, he assured them of a global victory. This will be achieved by looking at the history of interpretation of Matthew 28:18–20. The exegesis of this passage is explored in detail. The conclusion is that the Great Commission in Matthew 28:18–20 is a call to global mission.

Navigating Leadership Challenges in a Polycentric World

Polycentric leadership is a growing issue in the global missions movement. The focus of this article is to help readers understand polycentrism broadly and examine what it means for those seeking to lead fruitfully in God’s mission. Examples will be provided to illustrate what polycentric leadership can look like. Biblical and theological convictions that shape leaders who work out of this paradigm will be examined. The reality of tension points experienced by people who desire to lead from this paradigm will be explored, as well as practical strategies and insights for those who have to navigate these tensions in their missional journeys. Through bringing together these different threads, the goal is for this article is to provide both academic insights and practical assistance for anyone who cares deeply about God’s work around the world and desires to lead fruitfully in a polycentric mission context.

SARS Cov2 outbreak management on a landing helicopter dock: An observational retrospective study

ObjectivesEven though SARS Cov2 outbreak management has been well-described, scant information is available in military settings. We aimed to describe a SARS Cov2 outbreak and its management on the Dixmude, a French landing helicopter dock. Patients and methodsWe performed an observational retrospective and monocentric study in a ship. Role 1 was reinforced by additional roles 1 and 2. Our analysis included all infected crew personnel. We described demographic data, outbreak course, and biological samples including Covid-19 diagnosis. All infected patients were monitored for 10 days. ResultsBetween February 16th 2021 and March 12th 2021, 54 patients (10% of the entire crew) were included. No patient had previously been vaccinated against SARS Cov2. The global mission was maintained. The crew members were healthy, male, and young (median age 28 years) with no medical history. Ranks of every status were concerned. Covid-19 disease was mainly diagnosed by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR). Thirty-two patients (59%) were symptomatic, four (8%) were presymptomatic and 18 (33%) remained asymptomatic. ConclusionsThe present work describes specific SARS Cov2 outbreak management in an austere military environment. Early individual and global measures were set and implemented on board.

To Walk with Slaves: Jesuit Contexts and the Atlantic World in the Cartagena Mission to Enslaved Africans, 1605–1654

The Jesuit mission to enslaved Africans founded in 1605 in Cartagena de las Indias is amongst the most extraordinary religious developments of early colonial Latin America. By the time Alonso de Sandoval, S.J. and Pedro Claver, S.J. began their work to baptize and catechize the thousands of slaves who passed through Cartagena’s port each year, the Society of Jesus had already established a global missionary enterprise, including an extensive network of communication amongst its missionaries and colleges. Amidst this intramissionary context, Sandoval wrote De instauranda Aethiopum salute—a treatise informed largely by these annual letters, personal correspondences, and interactions with the diverse multitudes of people who could be encountered in this early colonial cosmopolitan city—aimed at promoting the necessity of African salvation. From East Asia to Latin America, Jesuits followed the example of their apostolic missionary, Francis Xavier, to bring the Catholic faith to non-Christian peoples. Through De instauranda and the Catholic Church’s collected testimony for the sainthood of Claver, we see how Sandoval and Claver, like other Jesuits of the time, arose as innovative and unique missionaries, adapting to their context while attempting to model the Jesuit missionary spirit. In doing so, this article posits, the historical-religious context of the early modern Atlantic world and global Jesuit missions influenced Sandoval and Claver to accompany enslaved Africans as a missionary theology.

Impact of multiple-scale circulation interactions on the spring diurnal precipitation over Luzon

This study examines the spatiotemporal characteristics of diurnal precipitation over Luzon and the nearby oceans in boreal spring. The study focuses on exploring the impact of the interaction between large- and local-scale circulation changes on the modulation of diurnal precipitation. We analyze the satellite precipitation data obtained from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and Global Precipitation Measurement Mission during the spring (March–May) of 2001–2019. The results show that the spring diurnal precipitation over Luzon and the nearby oceans consists of a clear eastward propagation signal. The direction of this propagation is opposite to that of the prevailing low-level easterly wind in spring and differs from the well-known westward propagation direction of diurnal precipitation over Luzon in summer. Diagnoses of the possible maintenance mechanisms suggest that the eastward propagation diurnal precipitation can be attributed to the interaction between the topography and multiple-scale circulation changes, including the mountain–valley breeze, island-scale land–sea breeze (LSB), large-scale LSB-like circulation, and mid-to-upper-level prevailing wind fields. This finding highlights the importance of considering multiple-scale circulation changes in the modulation of spring diurnal precipitation over the East Asia–western North Pacific region.

Darren Dochuk, Anointed With Oil: How Christianity and Crude Made Modern America

American Religion 2, no. 2 (Spring 2021), pp. 139–141 Copyright © 2021, The Trustees of Indiana University • doi: 10.2979/amerreli.2.2.09 Book Review Darren Dochuk, Anointed With Oil: How Christianity and Crude Made Modern America (New York: Basic Books, 2019) Chad E. Seales University of Texas, Austin, USA The story of crude oil is the story of American Christianity. This is the main argument and major contribution of one of the more significant works in American religious history in the last decade. To begin, this is a heavy book, with the literal feel and allegorical mood of a biblical epic. It opens with the prophetic figure Patillo Higgins, riding into Beaumont, Texas, on horseback in the early twentieth century to learn that another oilman, Anthony Lucas, already had struck black gold on the same hill, Spindletop, that Higgins had believed for many years was the place to drill. Rather than concede this rich territory and move on down the trail, Higgins stuck around and finally was able to drill nearby, on another part of Spindletop, thus fulfilling his own prophecy. A bible believer who converted to evangelical Protestantism in 1885 and later joined First Baptist Church of Beaumont in 1891, Higgins viewed his success as evidence of God’s blessing and considered crude oil to be imbued with a sacred power that if harnessed properly could fuel the Christian enterprise of American supremacy. With its Christian faith in the sacred power of crude oil, the story of Patillo Higgins captures the premise of the book, which is that American oilmen shared a basic set of tenets regarding religion and crude. They all believed oil to be a source of God’s power on earth, and that if they struck it rich, it was because American Religion 2:2 140 they were following God’s lead and thus owed him something in return. That something in return was a promise to use the power of oil, both as an extracted resource and capitalized wealth, to promote and fund Christian missions in the name of the Lord. In this way, the upstart Higgins had much in common with his fellow Baptist John D. Rockefeller, the well-established oil baron of the northeast who refused to invest in Higgins’s dreams to discover crude in Texas. What they shared, what pretty much all the oilmen who make an appearance in the book share, is a religious conviction to dig and drill and extract with a self-assurance that such a violent enterprise was part of God’s plan. They all agreed that one should drill for oil because it was divinely sanctioned, a source of power to promote God’s Kingdom. What they disagreed on, however, was how to organize that pursuit. The majority of the book parses the theological and sectarian differences between two strands of oil religion in the US, differences that distinguished the establishment from the upstarts. The major oil companies, like Standard Oil, institutionalized the established religion of oil, with big men like Rockefeller using the material power of oil to fund ecumenical visions of global missions that comprised a “civil religion of crude.” This civil religion aligned with humanitarian capitalism, or noblesse oblige, where really, really, really rich white men, like Rockefeller, funded civil society, from public libraries to art galleries, an approach that Dochuk associates with the social gospel. By contrast, the upstarts like Higgins practiced a “wildcat Christianity.” Their religion was built on the “rule of capture,” an unofficial doctrine, or unwritten rule of the game, that maintained every man had access to the oil under the ground, provided he could drill it out, regardless of who owned the land above it. This was, of course, anathema to a monopolistic model of empire of the Rockefeller kind. The book’s twelve chapters work out such key tensions in the narrative of American oil, of how to build a corporation, how to institutionalize power, how to maintain global reach. The strength of the book is in the scope and details of this story, of how it begins in early twentieth-century turf wars and regional variations and continues forward, restructured, into the next century...

Proactive Security for Safety and Sustainability of Mission Critical Systems

Ensuring cyber network security becomes a challenging step with the increase of cyber attacks. The latter are targeting any cyber system starting from personal computers to national critical infrastructures. Consequently, the development of a proactive cyber defense technique to detect and react to cyber attacks before the damage occurrence becomes a necessity. To this end, we develop in this work a formal model to proactively ensure safety and sustainability of mission critical systems. Our proposal consists of deploying a network of observer agents to supervise and generate observation data related to attacks under execution which will be analyzed by a central defense agent. The latter will hypothetically generate a graph of potential scenarios that could be executed in the network. A scenario context will be introduced to compute a set of probabilistic measures for the proactive assessment of attack damages. Another graph decomposing the cyber network global mission into sub operations, and presenting the cyber assets ensuring mission achievement, will be presented. Such a graph will be used to study the cyber attack impact on mission accomplishment and, thus, will ensure the system sustainability by proactively reacting to cyber attacks. A case study is provided to illustrate the proposal.

A novel non-uniform optimal control approach for hypersonic cruise vehicle with waypoint and no-fly zone constraints

Dynamic optimisation for hypersonic cruise vehicle (HCV) is a challenge for the complex nonlinear constraints with waypoint and no-fly zone during a global strike mission. Because the passing time of each waypoint is unknown, it is difficult to guarantee the precision of waypoint constraints on non-collocation points for traditional pseudospectral method. A novel optimal control approach is therefore proposed, where waypoints are firstly transformed into variable optimisation parameters of pseudospectral method, which can satisfy the waypoint constraints completely. Then, a novel non-uniform pseudospectral approach with mesh refinement is further proposed by introducing the adaptive gradient analysis to provide a time grid iteratively. With this refinement, the proposed approach needs fewer computational time to achieve better performance of accuracy compared with traditional uniform refinement pseudospectral method. The proposed approaches are finally applied to a classic HCV problem with waypoints and no-fly zone constraints and compared with other methods reported in literature in detail. The research results validate both the effectiveness and the time saving benefit of the proposed methods.

Technology offers sustainable nutrition solutions

Technology offers sustainable nutrition solutions

God’s Ultimate Purpose to His People: To be blessed and to be a blessing

When God called Abraham in Genesis chapter 12:1-3, He blessed Abraham with a promise. The promise of God is fulfilled and as he departs from the land. From this passage, the promise has spiritual aspect and temporal blessing, particularly the latter. God says, “I will bless you.” It is an assurance of the Creator to His creation and through him, the nations will be blessed. In the context of the local church in Tondano, Indonesia, there are causes that hinder the development of God’s mission such as the false assumption of what mission is, the lack of responsibility in doing the mission, challenges that come from inside and outside, lack of faith, and many others. If they know what the mission of God is as what is written in the Bible, they will realize that they are the people of mission, people who are chosen for a blessing because the mission of God is to bless his creation. As God selected Abraham as His messenger through whom to communicate the light to the world, he had no doubt and had confidence that the source of blessing was leading him. The local church in Tondano, Indonesia will have the same blessing as what Abraham had before and the servants of God in like manner must go forth to sow. Keywords: Mission, blessing References Akin, Daniel L., David P. Nelson, and Peter R. Schemm, eds. A Theology for the Church. Nashville , Tenn: B & H Academic, 2007. Ashford, Bruce. Theology and Practice of Mission: God, the Church, and the Nations. Nashville, Tenn: B&H Publishing Group, 2011. Barnett, Tommy. Multiplication: Unlock the Biblical Factors to Multiply Your Effectiveness in Leadership & Ministry. Lake Mary, FL: Charisma House, 1997. DeYoung, Kevin, and Greg Gilbert. What Is the Mission of the Church? Making Sense of Social Justice, Shalom, and the Great Commission. Wheaton, Ill: Crossway, 2011. Gelder, Craig Van. The Ministry of the Missional Church: A Community Led by the Spirit. Baker Books, 2007. Goheen, Michael W. A Light to the Nations: The Missional Church and the Biblical Story. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2011. Accessed October 17, 2018. http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3117127. Hale, Tom, and Steve Thorson. Applied OT Bible Commentary. Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook, 2012. Accessed October 18, 2018. http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=4067707. Hoke, Steve, and Bill Taylor. Global Mission Handbook: A Guide for Crosscultural Service. Downers Grove, Ill: InterVarsity Press, 2012. Martin, Robin, and Mike Barnett. Discovering the Mission of God: Best Missional Practices for the 21st Century. Westmont: InterVarsity Press, 2012. Accessed October 16, 2018. http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3316400. Nichol, Francis D. (Ed). Seventh-Day Adventist Bible Commentary. Vol. 1. Hagerstown, MD: Washington, 1953. Patricia King. 31 Decrees of Blessing for Your Life. Place of publication not identified: Broadstreet Publishing Gr, 2016. Plummer, Minnie Knox. Basic Bible Foundations: A Literacy Textbook and Study Guide of Old Testament Events. Author House, 2006. Westermann, Claus. Blessing in the Bible and the Life of the Church. Overtures to Biblical theology 3. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1978. Wright, Christopher J. H. Knowing the Holy Spirit through the Old Testament. Downers Grove, Ill: IVP Academic, 2006. Wright, Christopher J. H. Salvation Belongs to Our God: Celebrating the Bible’s Central Story. Carlisle: Langham Creative Projects, 2013. Accessed October 16, 2018. http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=5198257. ———. The Mission of God: Unlocking the Bible’s Grand Narrative. Westmont: InterVarsity Press, 2013. Accessed October 15, 2018. http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=2033595. Yoder, John Howard. Theology of Mission: A Believers Church Perspective. InterVarsity Press, 2014. “Definition of RELATIONAL.” Accessed October 17, 2018. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/relational. Four Views on the Church’s Mission. Zondervan, 2017.

АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЙ В ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ КОНВЕРГЕНТНОСТИ УЧЕТНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ СИСТЕМ

1. Bardash, S.V., Kostenko, O.M., Kraievskyi, V.M. (2017). Economic syntalistics: philosophical discourse of formation and development: monograph. К. Comprint. 225 p. (in Ukr.) 2. Gudzinsky, O.D., Kireitsev, G.G., Pakhomova, T.M., Savchuk, V.K. (2009). Accounting and analytical mechanism of enterprise management (theoretical and methodological aspect). К. DSZU. 226 p. (in Ukr.) 3. Doroguntsov, S.I., Khvesik, M.A., Gorbach, L.M., Pastushenko, P.P. (2006). Eco-environment and modernity. Economic assessment of the natural environment. K. Condor. 426 p. (in Ukr.) 4. Kavunenko, L.F. (1998). Estimation of organizational aspects of ecological and information management. Economics of nature management. К. Naukova dumka. pp. 414-420 (in Ukr.) 5. Kaminska, T.G., Kraievskyi, V.M., Kostenko, O.M., Okhrimenko, I.V., Savchuk, V.K. (2016). Information system of agricultural enterprise management: analytical indicators of formation and efficiency. K. Vik Print Publishing House. 270 p. 6. Kireitsev, G.G., Gudzinsky, O.D., Savchuk, V.K. (2005). Economic theory and implementation of its provisions in the mechanisms of agro-industrial complex development. Economic theory. Vol. 2. pp. 80-95 (in Ukr.) 7. Kostenko, O.M. (2017). Accounting and information support for the management of agricultural enterprises. K. Vik Print Publishing House. 350 p. (in Ukr.) 8. Kraievskyi, V.M., Skoryk, M.O., Bohdan, S.V., Hmyrya V.P. (2020). Coherence of accounting systems: transcendence of content and immunity of purpose. Bulletin of the National academy of sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Vol. 2, Number 384. pp. 176-184. doi: https://doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.57 (in Eng.) 9. Kraievskyi, V.M. (2015). Accounting for the agricultural potential of national wealth. K. Vic Print Publishing House. 440 p. (in Ukr.) 10. Kraievskyi, V.M. (2012). Accounting systems: evolution and vector of development. K. Agrar Group. 192 p. (in Ukr.) 11. Maltsev, O.A. (2005). Organizational skills. Finance. Vol. 39. p. 35 (in Rus.) 12. Pushkar, M.S. (2009). The science of accounting and the possibility of overcoming its stereotypes. Collection of scientific works of Podolsk State Agrarian and Technical University. Vol. 17. pp. 47-50 (in Ukr.) 13. Romanovsky, M.V. (2001). Finance, money circulation and credit. М. Yurait. 543 p. (in Rus.) 14. Savchuk, V.K., Kostenko, O.M., Kraievskyi, V.M. (2013). Information-analytical process: praxeological approach. K. Vik Print Publishing House. 204 p. (in Ukr.) 15. Savchuk, V.K., Kostenko, O.M., Myskin, Yu.I., Kraievskyi, V.M. Management of efficiency of agricultural production: information-analytical aspect. K. Vik Print Publishing House. 470 p. (in Ukr.) 16. Thomas, V., Dailami, M., Dareshvar, A. (2002). Quality of economic growth. K. Osnovy Publishing House. 350 p. (in Eng.) 17. Tsyhychko, V.N. (1996). To the head – about decision-making. M. INFRA. 272 p. (in Rus.) 18. Shevchuk, V.O. (1998). Control of economic systems in a society with a transition economy (Problems of theory, organization, methodology). K. Kyiv state trade and economy University. 371 p. (in Ukr.) 19. Shevchuk, V.O. (2009). Sustainable development and the global mission of Ukraine. Ukraine economy. Vol. 4. pp. 4-13 (in Ukr.) [20]Shevchuk, V.Ya., Satalkin, Yu.M., Navrotsky, V.M. (2000). Environmental audit. К. Vyscha shkola. 344 p. (in Ukr.)

China in the World: The Emergence of a New Worldview

“A Community of Common Destiny” (CCD) has been an important concept introduced and promoted by the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government for over the past decade. Through the conceptualization and comparison between two previous conceptual worldviews of Chinese civilization named here “China’s World” and “China and the World”, this article seeks to place the CCD concept in its proper historical context and proposes that its contemporary development and promotion among the Chinese leadership signifies a fundamental advancement in Chinese civilization’s worldview referred to here as “China in the World”. This implies a new global mission for the future of the world, inclusive of China’s growing contributions concerning international responsibility and reciprocity (Xi, 2017b).

Telemedicine in International Cleft Care: A Systematic Review.

Cleft lip and cleft palate (CLP) are among the world's most common congenital malformation and has a higher prevalence in developing nations due to environmental and genetic factors. Global efforts have been developed in order to prevent and treat the malformation. Telemedicine has been implemented in various humanitarian global missions with success and is currently the primary means of care due to COVID-19. To assess the benefits and barriers of telehealth in the care of patients with CLP through a global approach. Systematic review of the PubMed and Cochrane Review databases with relevant terms related to telemedicine in cleft lip and palate surgery. Eight articles fit the inclusion criteria and suggested benefits with the use of telemedicine in regard to education, preoperative, and postoperative care as well as increased access to underserved populations. Barriers included connectivity and accessibility concerns. Telehealth is a beneficial way to evaluate patients with CLP in developing countries with proper care and follow-up to reduce complications and to improve health outcomes.

Physically-based, distributed hydrologic model for Makkah watershed using GPM satellite rainfall and ground rainfall stations

The purpose of this study is to understand flooding in a 1,725-km2 arid catchment in Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia, with very limited ground observations. This mountainous catchment includes densely urbanized areas built on lowlands and in the ephemeral streams of flood zones, which makes them vulnerable to flooding. A physically based, fully distributed hydrologic model was produced by three Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement Mission (IMERG) high-resolution satellite rainfall products, together with a limited number of ground observations to simulate recent flood events. The hydrologic model was calibrated and validated using two events that occurred in 2010 and 2018, respectively. Details of the flooding in the urbanized areas were examined through simulation of a third event. Significant differences were noticed when the three IMERG rainfall products (Early, Late, and Final) were compared in terms of the spatial patterns and total half-hour accumulation for the three events. Accordingly, a method was developed to remove the biases of IMERG rainfall estimates using ground observations. The Early product was the closest to ground observations, producing peak discharges of 428 m3/s and 663.6 m3/s for calibration and validation storm events, respectively, and resulted in better estimates of the observed peak discharge even before adjustment. The Final run product significantly underestimated rainfall, as peak discharges of 204 m3/s and 123 m3/s for calibration and validation storm events, respectively, resulted in an amplified underestimation of the runoff.

ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION OF EARTH'S ECOSYSTEM AND THE DECADE OF ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION

Restoration ecology has demonstrated an astounding growth as a new discipline of applied science, since its emergence in the past decades. Future-aimed restoration should acknowledge the changing and unpredictable environment of the future, assume the dynamic nature of ecological communities with multiple trajectories, and connect landscape elements for improving ecosystem functions and structures. Ecosystem loss is depriving the world of carbon sinks, like forests and wetlands, at a time when humanity can least afford it. Ecosystem restoration aims to repair some damage done to the environment and regain ecological functionality. The United Nations (UN) recently declared 2021 to 2030 the Decade on Ecosystem Restoration- a global mission to revive billions of hectares, from forests to farmlands, from the top of mountains to the depth of the sea. The path to a more sustainable use of ecosystems must begin with the development of inclusive wealth measures which capture natural, social, human and manufactured capital and are thus more accurate ways to measure economic progress.

:A Companion to the Early Modern Catholic Global Missions

:<i>A Companion to the Early Modern Catholic Global Missions</i>