Abstract
This study examines the spatiotemporal characteristics of diurnal precipitation over Luzon and the nearby oceans in boreal spring. The study focuses on exploring the impact of the interaction between large- and local-scale circulation changes on the modulation of diurnal precipitation. We analyze the satellite precipitation data obtained from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and Global Precipitation Measurement Mission during the spring (March–May) of 2001–2019. The results show that the spring diurnal precipitation over Luzon and the nearby oceans consists of a clear eastward propagation signal. The direction of this propagation is opposite to that of the prevailing low-level easterly wind in spring and differs from the well-known westward propagation direction of diurnal precipitation over Luzon in summer. Diagnoses of the possible maintenance mechanisms suggest that the eastward propagation diurnal precipitation can be attributed to the interaction between the topography and multiple-scale circulation changes, including the mountain–valley breeze, island-scale land–sea breeze (LSB), large-scale LSB-like circulation, and mid-to-upper-level prevailing wind fields. This finding highlights the importance of considering multiple-scale circulation changes in the modulation of spring diurnal precipitation over the East Asia–western North Pacific region.
Highlights
This study examines the spatiotemporal characteristics of diurnal precipitation over Luzon and the nearby oceans in boreal spring
In mountainous areas over Luzon, earlier studies have indicated that diurnal precipitation is mainly caused by the convergence of sea breezes on the islands, and the valley breezes induced by solar thermal heating further enhance local convection[12,13,14]
Due to the interaction between the topography and seasonal low-level easterly winds over Luzon, a larger amount of precipitation is concentrated in the eastern Luzon and the nearby ocean
Summary
This study examines the spatiotemporal characteristics of diurnal precipitation over Luzon and the nearby oceans in boreal spring. These large-scale easterly wind anomalies can interact with the mountain breezes from the Sierra Madre (Fig. S3; below 950-hPa levels and around 17–18°N), leading to a weak local wind convergence and precipitation over eastern Luzon at 20 h.
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