The elevation of the Bahasa Indonesia as the national language in public spaces faces serious challenges, particularly in international tourism areas such as Bali. This study aims to identify and analyze the various challenges hindering the optimal use of Bahasa Indonesia in Bali’s tourism sphere. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using data collected through field observation, interviews with tourism stakeholders, and documentation of language use in public media. The findings reveal a dominant use of foreign languages in signage, restaurant menus, and tourism promotions, illustrating the diminishing presence of Bahasa Indonesia in public domains. Economic factors, global market demands, limited linguistic supervision, and low awareness among tourism actors regarding language regulations are key contributing issues. Nevertheless, strategic opportunities exist through local government policy, enhanced roles of the Language Agency, and community empowerment to reintegrate Bahasa Indonesia into the tourism ecosystem. The study recommends inclusive language education, regular language audits, and cross-sector collaboration to reinforce national identity through language amid globalizing forces.

This research is motivated by the needs of Cooperative coffee farmers Sridonoretno Business Group located in the village of Purwosari to improve the effectiveness of marketing strategies in order to increase sales of coffee products produced by its members. Cooperatives as one of the member-based economic institutions require appropriate marketing strategies to be able to compete in an increasingly competitive market, while supporting business sustainability and member welfare. The main purpose of this study is to formulate a marketing strategy in accordance with the conditions and potential of the cooperative. The research method applied is a qualitative approach with data collection through in-depth interviews with three main informants who are considered to have important insights and experience related to cooperative operations and marketing. SWOT analysis is used to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats facing the cooperative, while the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is applied to determine the priorities of marketing strategies based on strategic factors that have been identified. The results showed that the internal conditions of cooperatives strongly support the implementation of aggressive growth policies in marketing, focusing on increasing product distribution, more intensive promotion, and development of superior products. The formulated strategy is expected to be a practical guide for cooperatives to increase competitiveness, expand market share, and maintain business sustainability. However, this study has limitations because it only focuses on marketing aspects, without considering other external factors such as global market conditions, consumer behavior, and government policies that also affect the performance of cooperatives. Therefore, further research is recommended to involve more cooperative members and consumers as informants so that the resulting marketing strategy is more comprehensive, realistic, and applicable in the long term.

Background: Financial technology (FinTech), integral to any economy, transcends banking, sparking innovation and accessibility. Its global impact facilitates financial market globalisation. But, for underserved and underdeveloped communities, FinTech offers more: a path to financial inclusion and the removal of historical barriers. Objectives: This research aims to explore the current FinTech adoption landscape and barriers to financial inclusion for small and micro enterprises (SMEs) in underserved communities like the townships of Soweto, South Africa. Method: The study explores the pivotal role of research in advancing knowledge. Employing a pragmatic approach and a deductive reasoning framework, the study focuses on FinTech adoption challenges among SMEs in underserved communities, utilising an online survey design for data collection. Results: Insights around FinTech adoption by Soweto SMEs are revealed, discussing challenges, trust dynamics, and operational implications. It explores the transformative role of FinTech in township economies. Conclusion: This study explored FinTech adoption in underserved communities, emphasising tailored solutions, financial inclusion, evolving acceptance, and the need for financial education campaigns. Contribution: This research contributes insights that can facilitate the achievement of critical mass for FinTech products and services in South African townships, fostering financial emancipation in underserved communities.

The use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology to improve Nile tilapia's disease resistance genetically remains uncharted, as the present study shows. With respect to the immune regulatory genes TLR5, MHC II, and IFN-γ, the study realized remarkable editing (87.5%) and improvement of resistance to pathogens with minimal off-target editing. The increase of immune genes, along with high relative percent survival (up to 88%), affirmed the improvement of innate and adaptive immune systems. The results illustrated the potential of CRISPR-Cas9 technology to transform biotechnology in fish breeding to a radical level. The extensive use of CRISPR technology illustrated its potential to transform biotechnology in the fish industry. The interaction of various approaches (multi-omics), such as transcriptomics and functional assays, is what makes target definition and functional validation effective in reducing the potential impacts of non-beneficial edits. Safe and efficient nanoparticle-mediated RNP delivery systems are a means of reducing regulatory and environmental concerns associated with editing systems. This serves as evidence of a practical and reproducible framework relative to the use of sustainable aquaculture. Incorporating individual genomics, especially CRISPR-Cas9 technology, into the genetics of aquatic species must consider sustainable application frameworks to avoid overexploitation of the technology's potential. For instance, editing of multi-gene networks opens new possibilities. Processing CRISPR modifications focused on immune networks will result in systems balanced with tolerances to the disease. Environmentally sound and tissue-specific delivery designs will continue to hold importance. Therefore, the use of biodegradable and pH-regulated nanoparticles will aid in targeted and tissue-specific delivery. Sustained improvement will be essential to optimize gains in the edited fish populations, and this will require assessment over generations to determine growth, reproduction, stress, and other physiological parameters to determine fish balance, so the edited traits are positive and heritable. CRISPR-Cas variant systems and other base editors, like Cas12a, Cas13, and prime editing, will be able to precisely silence genes, control the regulation of genes, and avoid double-strand breaks. Responsible use will come with ethical and regulatory integration. Risk assessment, public engagement, and biosafety guidelines can connect social acceptance to commercial use. Sustainable aqua farming combines and integrates innovative biotechnological solutions aimed at the global market and focuses on developing resilient and disease-tolerant aqua farming systems. This involves the collection and analysis of relevant information, streamlining the identification of innovative techniques for disease resistance, and monitoring the relevant data for systems pertaining to sustainable aquaculture.

The European Union's implementation of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) poses significant challenges for Vietnam's steel export sector, which heavily depends on the EU market. CBAM imposes carbon taxes on imports with high emissions, particularly steel, raising costs and demanding stricter emissions data transparency. The Vietnamese steel industry struggles with outdated technologies, limited innovation investments, and unclear institutional policies, which weaken its competitive advantage in the global market. This study explores how dynamic capabilities diversification can enhance the competitiveness of Vietnamese steel enterprises in response to CBAM. It focuses on technological and green innovation as crucial factors that can provide new competitive advantages. The study also emphasizes the role of institutional environment policies, legal frameworks, and the global business climate in shaping innovation and competitiveness. Using a mixed-methods approach, including surveys of steel-exporting enterprises and expert interviews, the research examines how firms have been leveraging innovation to adapt to CBAM. Lessons from international experiences in institutional reform, green finance, and technological innovation are also incorporated to guide Vietnamese firms in expanding their sustainable export markets. Based on these findings, the authors propose recommendations to promote green transition, boost innovation, and improve the institutional environment, helping Vietnamese steel enterprises adapt to CBAM, enhance competitiveness, and grow sustainable export markets.

This study investigates the evolution of U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports and evaluates their impact on global energy market dynamics—particularly in terms of prices, energy security, and environmental quality—over the period 1990–2022. The research employs an econometric framework incorporating LNG exports (X), domestic natural gas production (PL gaz), and GDP growth rate a sin dependent variables, while carbon dioxide emissions (CO₂ E) serve as the dependent variable re presenting environmental quality. The analysis applies the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)bounds testing approach and cointegration techniques to explore the short- and long-run dynamics among the variables. The empirical findings indicate that U.S. LNG exports have experienced substantial growth over the last decade, reaching approximately 88.3 million tons in 2024, with projections suggesting further expansion to around 16.4 billion cubic feet per day by 2026. This upward trend has been driven by technological advancements, large-scale infrastructure investments, and growing global demand, particularly from European and Asian markets. Nevertheless, this expansion has also introduced environmental challenges and regulatory pressures, underscoring the urgent need for balanced policies that promote sectoral sustainability while mitigating adverse climate impacts. The econometric results further demonstrate that, in the long run, the expansion of LNG exports has a significant and positive effect on carbon dioxide emissions in the United States. Additionally, per capita GDP growth emerges as a key factor contributing to higher carbon emissions, alongside a strong positive long-term association between CO₂ emissions and domestic natural gas production. These results highlight the necessity of integrating environmental sustainability into future strategies for the continued development of the U.S. LNG export sector.

Complex systems such as the conscious brain and financial markets often operate near criticality, a regime that supports flexible and efficient function. When perturbed, however, rapid deviations from, and prolonged recovery to, criticality can severely disrupt these systems. The nature of such transitions depends on a system's intrinsic phase transition type. Most systems in nature undergo continuous (second-order) transitions, but some approach a discontinuous, first-order transition known as explosive synchronization (ES). Systems nearer to first-order transitions are more unstable, losing criticality more rapidly and recovering more slowly. However, no existing method can directly determine from empirical data how close a system is to a first-order regime, limiting our ability to predict criticality transition patterns. Here, we introduce a physics-based framework that estimates a network's ES proximity at the critical point. Using modified Stuart-Landau oscillator networks, we show that distinct critical dynamics emerge depending on the proximity to ES and that this measure predicts the temporal patterns of collapse and recovery under perturbations. We validated the generality of our computational findings with empirical data on network collapse and recovery, using human electroencephalogram recordings during general anesthesia and global stock market indices from 39 countries during the 2008 economic crisis. We demonstrated that rapid collapses and prolonged recoveries in both brain and stock market networks can be systematically predicted for neuronal and economic crises. These results provide crucial insights for designing resilient networks capable of withstanding perturbations and recovering quickly.

ABSTRACT While ex-colonial languages dominate the media landscape in sub-Saharan Africa, Indigenous African language channels on transnational television platforms are thriving. The success of these channels challenges the common idea that Indigenous African language media face obstacles reaching a substantial consumer base and raises the question of how these transnational channels pursue local audiences. Drawing on interviews and scholarship in global media studies and linguistic politics, this study examines channels in the Swahili and Hausa languages on a major television platform originating from China, identifying two localization approaches—pursuing attractive Indigenousness and gatekeeping unsuitable foreignness—employed to make the channels culturally resonant. The commercial interests-driven decolonial practices prioritize local languages, knowledge, and ideologies within a media environment that has historically favored ex-colonial languages and global flows. Nevertheless, the pursuit of localization presents complexities and ambivalence, as it is often limited and instrumentalized due to the political economy of media institutions navigating the global media market.

Diffusion and division: A spatial analysis of surrogacy policy determinants in the United States

This article examines the historical and contemporary challenges in the development of the Chiatura manganese deposit, analyzing key factors that have triggered crisis periods and limited industrial output, including the impact of global market dynamics. Particular emphasis is placed on the post-Soviet transition and current constraints that continue to restrict the export potential of Georgian manganese. The study outlines possible strategies to extend the operational lifetime of the deposit and enhance its international competitiveness under changing economic and technological conditions. A special focus is given to the new international context: in 2023, both the European Union and the United States officially recognized manganese as a critical strategic mineral. This designation has created new opportunities to attract investment, foster international partnerships, and benefit from supporting regulatory frameworks. Against this backdrop, Georgia has the chance to pursue technological modernization and expand the production of high-value manganese derivatives, thereby positioning itself as a participant in global supply chains for critical minerals.

This study explores the transformative role of digital economy development on digital service trade exports, using China as a case study, to elucidate trends and lessons that may be applicable to other nations seeking to leverage digital advancements for economic growth in an increasingly interconnected global market. Analyzing panel data from 105 global economies between 2013 and 2021 with a trade gravity model, supplemented by robustness and heterogeneity tests, we demonstrate that the development level of the digital economy in trading nations significantly enhances China’s digital service trade exports, particularly impacting middle- and high-income countries. The sectors most affected include intellectual property and cultural services. Our findings reveal a notable positive correlation between digital economy indices and digital service export volumes, suggesting that advancements in digital infrastructure, market dynamics, and governance in partner countries facilitate this increase. Geographical distance and economic systems also play crucial roles, influencing trade costs and compatibility, respectively. These insights guide targeted policy recommendations to enhance digital service trade, emphasizing the need for strategic international cooperation and infrastructure investment to harness digital globalization’s full potential.

This article analyzes the potential of certified sustainable batik as an effective and ethical response to the global fast fashion crisis in the textile industry. Using a mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative SEM-PLS) across Batik MSME clusters in Java, the research finds that the global market highly values the slow process and environmental transparency offered by batik. Results indicate that integrated partnerships between MSMEs and BUMDes in managing the supply of eco-green raw materials and implementing Appropriate Technology (TTG), particularly for waste treatment, are crucial for successful downstreaming (hilirisasi). Policy intervention is needed, such as the formulation of an adaptable Local Batik Standard, to overcome the barriers of global certification costs and promote the adoption of sustainability practices. In conclusion, certified batik is not merely a product innovation, but a future textile business model that balances cultural heritage, environmental conservation, and economic competitiveness.

This study aims to analyze the strategic role of the capital market in promoting Indonesia’s economic growth through a descriptive qualitative approach based on literature review. The capital market plays a crucial role in the financial system as a mechanism for mobilizing long-term funds, improving capital allocation efficiency, and supporting the financing of productive and sustainable projects. The findings indicate that the development of the capital market positively contributes to the increase of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) through mechanisms such as capital accumulation, market liquidity, and investment efficiency. However, the contribution of Indonesia’s capital market to economic growth remains constrained by structural challenges, including low financial literacy, dominance of retail investors, and limited market depth. On the other hand, digital transformation and financial innovations such as online trading, green bonds, and global market integration create new opportunities to enhance the strategic role of the capital market in sustainable financing. The study concludes that strengthening regulation, improving transparency, and broadening the investor base are key strategies for positioning Indonesia’s capital market as a major driver of inclusive and sustainable economic growth.

Subject. In the context of the global trend towards population aging, improving the quality of life of gerontological patients is becoming a critical task, which intensifies competition for technological leadership in the development of implants as the basis for treating oral diseases. Ceramic dental implants based on zirconium dioxide are a modern alternative to traditional titanium analogues, possessing high biocompatibility, as well as excellent aesthetic properties due to their white color and corrosion resistance. This review presents an analysis of the key factors determining the dynamics of the global ceramic implants market, as well as trends in technological leadership in various regions, including the Russian Federation. The main growth drivers, market opportunities, and existing limitations are considered. Quantitative market assessments, its segmentation and regional analysis are provided, and a list of leading leading companies is presented. Objectives. To analyze scientific publications on the global dental ceramic implants market to identify growth factors, barriers and promising areas of technological development of ceramic dental implants. Methodology. A search and analysis of publications and economic reports in scientometric databases (Scopus, PubMed, eLIBRARY) was conducted on issues dedicated to global market trends and the evolution of dental implant technologies and new materials devoid of the disadvantages of titanium. Results. The global ceramic implant market is expected to reach a value of $15.94 billion by 2029, demonstrating a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.0% in the forecast period 2022-2029. Conclusion. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the share of ceramic dental implants in Russia will be no more than 5%, since titanium analogues prevail. In connection with the current global trends, the development of new technologies for the production of dental implants in the Russian Federation, compatible with modern hybrid information and communication technologies adapted to advanced production methods, seems relevant. The Russian Federation is developing bioactive glass-ceramic implants designed to occupy their niche in the world market.

Crude oil is a critical energy source and a raw material for various products, including fuels (gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel), lubricants, petrochemicals, and asphalt. It undergoes refining processes to separate and convert it into usable products. Multiple factors, including economic indicators, geopolitical events, supply and demand dynamics, and technological advancements influence crude oil prices. Its global market has prices often benchmarked to grades like Brent Crude and West Texas Intermediate (WTI). In this article, the daily WTI crude oil prices are multi-step ahead forecasted using four different methods which are autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbors (kNN), and autoregressive neural networks (ARNN). The data set consists of daily WTI crude oil prices from February 13, 2014, to February 13, 2024, divided into 80% training set and 20% validation set. The performance of the methods is evaluated by one-step and seven-step ahead forecasting using root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) as the accuracy measures. The results show that ARIMA outperforms the methods for one and seven-step ahead forecasting, followed by ARNN, kNN, and RF. The study provides useful insights for investors and policymakers in the oil market.

The article focuses on the analysis of the implementation of innovative educational technologies in higher art education in Ukraine in the context of its modernization and adaptation to the requirements of the modern information society. In the modern world, when information technologies penetrate all aspects of human activity, the education system must meet new challenges and prepare specialists who are able to function in a dynamic cultural environment, use the latest technologies and be competitive in the global labor market. Higher education, in particular in the field of art, must undergo significant transformation, given the rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICT), which open up new horizons for learning. Modern approaches to organizing the educational process should be aimed at developing not only professional but also personal qualities of students, such as critical thinking, creativity, and the ability to work independently, which are necessary in a globalized world. Therefore, the use of such innovative teaching methods as problem-based learning, game modeling, case technologies, project activities and suggestive learning is important. Each of the above approaches has its own characteristics and effectively contributes to the development of important competencies in students. For example, problem-based learning stimulates analytical thinking, the ability to solve complex situations, game modeling develops strategic and creative-analytical thinking, and case technologies help to apply theoretical knowledge in practice. Project-based learning methods allow students to work in a team, teach them self-organization and adaptation to change, and suggestive learning contributes to the development of psychological resilience and self-confidence. An important aspect is also the introduction of information and communication technologies (ICT), which allow for active learning through online platforms, the creation of virtual learning environments and provide opportunities for distance education. The use of such technologies expands the possibilities for individualizing learning, provides access to new forms and learning resources, thus creating favorable conditions for more effective training of future specialists. The systematic implementation of these innovative technologies has a positive impact on the quality of education, contributes to the development of professional and personal competencies of students, which makes them ready for the challenges of the modern cultural space.

Any form of art patronage starts with an artist creative activity in art studio space. Hence, an appropriate form of painting practice by artists is expedient for a sustainable economic viability of artistic practice. The study, therefore examine the influence painting support, media, subject matter and style on the art market in Nigeria. The rationale is to address low patronage of paintings among Nigerian artists and promote their active participation in the global art market. Paintings sold at the Arthouse affordable art auctions over a period of five years (2016 - 2020) were purposely selected. Out of the 268 paintings sold, 54 which constitute (20%) were randomly selected for analysis. Semi-structured interviews was conducted and structured questionnaire administered to 180 inter-connected stakeholders in the art market. The study established the importance of quality materials, continuous artistic aptitude and relevant networking stakeholders by the artists. The findings revealed that figurative paintings (58.7%) were the most preferred subject matter. Expressionistic paintings (WMS=2.6) were the most patronised and oil colour (WMS=2.6) were considered as the highly purchased medium in the art market. The study concludes that artists are the main marketer of their paintings; physical evidence of their creative processes.

This study examines the effectiveness of the National Service Training Program (PLKN) 3.0 as a strategic platform for empowering Malaysian youth through leadership and technical skill development. PLKN 3.0 is a comprehensive initiative that combines basic military training with technical training. The first phase of the program involves 45 days of military training focusing on discipline, resilience, and leadership. Activities such as critical situation simulations, group training, and physical challenges are aimed at building mental strength and the ability to work in teams. Participants then proceed to the second phase, which involves technical training at colleges or universities. During this phase, they are exposed to specialised skills in strategic sectors such as digital technology, renewable energy, and advanced manufacturing, making them more competitive in the global job market. The study also highlights the role of the Servant Leadership model applied in PLKN 3.0, with values such as social responsibility, teamwork, and integrity, forming the foundation of the program. This approach not only equips participants with technical skills but also fosters a sense of unity through social projects and community service. PLKN 3.0 is supported by a long-term monitoring strategy and the establishment of a monitoring committee to assess the program’s effectiveness regularly. This allows for adjustments to be made to ensure the program remains relevant to the needs of youth and national development aspirations. The study further highlights PLKN 3.0’s role in fostering national unity and a sense of national identity. Overall, this study finds that PLKN 3.0 plays a significant role not only as a platform for individual development but also as a catalyst for social and economic innovation. The implementation of PLKN 3.0 is a testament to the government’s commitment to ensuring youth development aligns with Malaysia’s vision of becoming a prosperous, advanced, and inclusive nation by 2030.

ABSTRACT Technology brings transformative changes in global trade and commerce. The last decade has witnessed a radical change in information and communication technology (ICT), impacting communication, data analysis, and automation, and increasing efficiency and competitiveness. There is a very strong relationship with the use in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the business context around the world. Data were obtained from 455 people from various sectors, and the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The study illustrates the interactive dynamics of technology, its interaction with trade internationally, and the complexity of the technology as it informs international business. The results showed that digital platforms, e‐commerce, and supply chain management systems provided connectivity to a global market. The novel contribution of the study lies in how the global business landscape is influenced, and it provides an understanding of the dynamics of technology in e‐commerce for sustainable practices. The study's innovation was the technology itself, which brought about a change that presented opportunities for future supply chain optimization and secure international trade. The study demonstrates that the technology is to help develop speed in communication, which facilitates smoother, seamless global trade. Understanding the specific issues faced by businesses will be valuable for adapting to necessary adjustments while shaping the future landscape of business and leveraging the power of technology.

The main problem faced by PWDs called Perkumpulan Penyandang Disabilitas Klaten (PPDK) in Klaten is the limited access to information and marketing opportunities for their products, resulting in the products being known only at the local level. Therefore, training on adequate product photography and the use of digital platforms such as social media and websites are essential to increase the visibility of their products in the global market. This community service aims to increase the empowerment of people with disabilities in Klaten through the application of branding and pemasaran digital strategies in marketing products made by difables. The service method applied includes training on product photography, utilization of cloud servers for data and information management, and pemasaran digital to introduce products made by people with disabilities to the wider community. The results of this service are expected to improve the quality of product photos, expand market reach, and build a strong brand identity for difable products. The success of this training is important to open wider economic opportunities for people with disabilities and increase public awareness about the importance of equality in economic opportunities. In conclusion, pemasaran digital and branding are key to strengthening the position of people with disabilities in a larger and global market