Global Leader Research Articles

The Australian ice core programme: history, context, and bibliometric analysis

ABSTRACT East Antarctic ice cores are key to Australia’s Antarctic science objectives. Australia is internationally recognised for its climate contributions relating to impurities, greenhouse gases, and water stable isotope studies. These factors make the Australian ice core programme an effective case study to demonstrate the usefulness of bibliometric studies in understanding the broader impacts of scientific research. This work presents a bibliometric analysis of Australian-authored and/or funded ice core publications from within the Australian Antarctic Territory over the programme’s 50 years (1972–2022). This work also discusses the history and chronology of Australia’s ice core programme to contextualise the results of the bibliometric analysis. These are illustrated by examining the key drilling locations, such as Law Dome, and the resultant research which establishes Australia as a global leader in producing high-resolution ice core records from coastal East Antarctic sites. This article demonstrates the applicability of bibliometric studies to identify themes of research that are intended to inform international and domestic policies for the betterment of society.

Britain’s global ambitions post Brexit in the light of geopolitics

On 31 January 2020, the United Kingdom officially left the European Union after almost half a century of membership “to take back control of its borders”, free to fulfil its world ambitions. This was the view held by Theresa May’s former Foreign Secretary, then British Prime Minister, Boris Johnson. In June 2021, he formally launched his “global Britain” strategy in the wake of the G7 summit that he hosted in Cornwall. He never clearly explained what “Global Britain” really meant. The closer he came to define it was in March 2021 when his government published its “Integrated Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy” entitled “Global Britain in a Competitive Age”, setting Britain’s foreign policy agenda for the years to come. The latter presented the Indo-Pacific as one of the key priorities of the UK, a “global leader” in terms of defence, intelligence, cyber-security, and diplomacy, as a response to a more and more assertive China. Russia for its part was identified as a major threat to Britain’s security. The Commonwealth, which played a pivotal role until the 1970s, was hardly mentioned at all. One might wonder whether the UK post-Brexit has the necessary resources and clear strategy to reclaim its status as a world-leading nation in an international context characterized by much instability. Britain’s global ambitions post Brexit will therefore be examined in the light of geopolitics which considers not only geographic factors, but also countries’ national interests to provide a better understanding of their behaviour and political objectives on the world stage.

"Modernism with a Soul": Designing and Building Communities for Corporate and Civic Life.

This essay explores how film, feature and documentary, can offer a new perspective on modernist architecture, industrial design, and urban planning. Through the lens of two young directors, Kogonada and Davide Maffei, it traces the histories of two twentieth-century company towns: Ivrea, Italy, headquarters of Italian business machine giant Olivetti, and Columbus, Indiana, U.S.A., home to Cummins Inc., a global leader in diesel engine design and manufacturing. Adriano Olivetti and J. Irwin Miller shared the conviction that modernist architecture and design had a decisive role to play not just in the economic health of their respective firms but in the civic health of their surrounding communities. These companies have long abandoned the corporate idealism of their founding patrons. In film, Ivrea and Columbus have become architectural time capsules that raise important questions about the transformative power of architecture and design in the face of an increasingly competitive global economy.

Changing structures in transnational research networks: An analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on China's scientific collaborations

Research networks play pivotal roles in the creation and diffusion of knowledge. It is widely acknowledged that frontier research tends to cluster around transnational research networks (TRNs), which also represent strategic tools for nurturing innovation in R&D-intensive companies. Therefore, they are crucial for promoting the rapid development of the knowledge economy in underdeveloped countries.In this context, China's experience is particularly relevant because the country has invested heavily in knowledge production, which is arguably one of the most important structural changes at the global level in recent decades, with important implications for the division of labor and trade among countries. The country has been investing in order to become the scientific world leader, and in this transition, research collaboration, in particular with other countries, can become strategic. In this work, we analyze whether COVID-19 and related research have affected the shape of the network and the intensity of collaborations involving China in the field of health studies, comparing it to the case of the U.S. as the global leader in research (Fry et al., 2020). In particular, we wish to assess whether COVID-19-related research has pushed toward larger and more intensive collaborations internationally than before the pandemic or whether a tendency to closure has prevailed has prevailed. This also means understanding whether COVID-19, as a global phenomenon, has affected China in rising as an international research leader. To do so, we built an original dataset of international, coauthored publications involving China or the U.S. in selected health research fields. Our analysis first shows that COVID-19 research has assumed specific features distinct from other topics in the same research field, shaping research networks in a peculiar way for both China and the U.S. Second, for China, COVID-19 does not appear to have represented an opportunity to further climb up the international research ladder, as it has attracted a relatively low and more volatile number of collaborators from different countries.

Achievement of India in the field of Bio-Technology

India has made remarkable achievements in the field of biotechnology, spanning healthcare, agriculture, industrial bioprocessing, and environmental sustainability. In healthcare, the country has emerged as a global leader in producing affordable biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, and diagnostic tools, addressing critical healthcare challenges. In agriculture, India’s expertise in genetically modified crops, crop improvement, and seed technology has revolutionized farming practices, enhancing productivity and sustainability. Industrial biotechnology has witnessed significant growth, with Indian companies excelling in enzyme production, biofuels, and waste management solutions. Additionally, India has made notable strides in environmental biotechnology, employing innovative methods for wastewater treatment, biogas production, and bioremediation. Despite challenges, India’s biotechnology sector is poised for further growth, driven by advancements in emerging technologies and collaborative efforts among stakeholders. These achievements underscore India’s potential to contribute significantly to global biotechnological innovation and address pressing societal and environmental challenges. Biotechnology refers to all those techniques which use biological processes to produce substances which can be used as medicines and in industries. It also includes all those methods (and their study) by which a species of living beings (especially human species) can be made superior. For example, making vaccines to prevent diseases, making/using bio-fertilizers, making/using biopesticides, making superior species of plants through bio-engineering, protecting the environment and biodiversity, development of DNA figure printing technology, cloning etc. all come under biotechnology. Modern biotechnological processes have their origins in the techniques used in ancient times, such as making vinegar byfermenting sugarcane juice, obtaining curd by coagulating milk, making cheese, etc. Similarly, in the field of agriculture, new varieties of seeds are prepared by hybridizing different types of plants, etc.

Enhancing reginal wall abnormality detection accuracy: Integrating machine learning, optical flow algorithms, and temporal convolutional networks in multi-view echocardiography.

Regional Wall Motion Abnormality (RWMA) serves as an early indicator of myocardial infarction (MI), the global leader in mortality. Accurate and early detection of RWMA is vital for the successful treatment of MI. Current automated echocardiography analyses typically concentrate on peak values from left ventricular (LV) displacement curves, based on LV contour annotations or key frames during the heart's systolic or diastolic phases within a single echocardiographic cycle. This approach may overlook the rich motion field features available in multi-cycle cardiac data, which could enhance RWMA detection. In this research, we put forward an innovative approach to detect RWMA by harnessing motion information across multiple echocardiographic cycles and multi-views. Our methodology synergizes U-Net-based segmentation with optical flow algorithms for detailed cardiac structure delineation, and Temporal Convolutional Networks (ConvNet) to extract nuanced motion features. We utilize a variety of machine learning and deep learning classifiers on both A2C and A4C views echocardiograms to enhance detection accuracy. A three-phase algorithm-originating from the HMC-QU dataset-incorporates U-Net for segmentation, followed by optical flow for cardiac wall motion field features. Temporal ConvNet, inspired by the Temporal Segment Network (TSN), is then applied to interpret these motion field features, independent of traditional cardiac parameter curves or specific key phase frame inputs. Employing five-fold cross-validation, our SVM classifier demonstrated high performance, with a sensitivity of 93.13%, specificity of 83.61%, precision of 88.52%, and an F1 score of 90.39%. When compared with other studies using the HMC-QU datasets, these Fig s stand out, underlining our method's effectiveness. The classifier also attained an overall accuracy of 89.25% and Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 95%, reinforcing its potential for reliable RWMA detection in echocardiographic analysis. This research not only demonstrates a novel technique but also contributes a more comprehensive and precise tool for early myocardial infarction diagnosis.

Scenarios for combating global warming: China's critical role as a leader in the energy transition

<p>China is now the world leader with green capital actually creating renewable energy technologies. We address the possibility of whether China can emerge a new ecological civilization, as well as become the global leader to reach climate security. In particular, China has the potential to implement a solar energy infrastructure in the deserts of the Middle East as part of the Belt and Road Initiative, mainly in the form of concentrated solar power. The creation of this renewable energy capacity could supply electricity to much of the world, as well as power the direct air capture (DAC) of carbon dioxide with a permanent burial in the crust, in particular, using the ultramafic deposits in Oman. This realization would increase the chances of not breaching the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warming target of 1.5 ℃, of course only if coupled with the termination of utilizing fossil fuels as early as possible and their replacement with renewable energy supplies globally. In this context, our pioneering model establishes that coupling a DAC-driven drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide with a rapid increase in the renewable energy capacity is more than capable of producing enough clean energy to eliminate energy insecurity globally (to all 8–10 billion humans) and to provide energy for the drawdown for the rest of the 21st century, thereby reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide to safe levels. This contingency will likely only be realized with a shift to demilitarization of the global economy. Likewise, this potential emergence of China as the global leader for climate security would likely inspire the push for a global Green New Deal to make this goal possible.</p>

Revolutionizing Higher Education: Role of Digital Initiatives in India for Tackling Challenges with Innovation and Technology

The landscape of higher education in India has undergone a remarkable transformation with the introduction of digital initiatives. The proliferation of cutting-edge technologies and widespread internet connectivity has facilitated a significant evolution in the traditional educational paradigm. This paper explores the pivotal role played by digital initiatives in addressing the challenges faced by higher education in India while fostering innovation and leveraging technology to enhance the overall learning experience. The challenges confronting the Indian higher education system are multifaceted, encompassing limited access to quality education, inadequate infrastructure, shortage of skilled educators, and the need for inclusivity to cater to diverse learners. Digital initiatives have emerged as powerful solutions to bridge these gaps and democratize education. Online learning platforms, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), and virtual classrooms have effectively transcended geographical boundaries, making education accessible even in remote regions. Additionally, these initiatives have enabled personalized learning pathways, accommodating individual learning styles and paces, thereby promoting a more inclusive and diverse educational ecosystem. The integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR) has further revolutionized higher education by fostering experiential and immersive learning. These technologies facilitate hands-on training, simulations, and practical skill development, significantly enhancing the employability of graduates and addressing the demand for industry-relevant skills. Furthermore, digital initiatives have empowered educators to employ innovative pedagogical approaches, creating engaging and interactive learning experiences that prioritize the needs of the students. However, the rapid adoption of digital initiatives also brings challenges that must be addressed, including the digital divide, concerns over data security, and the assurance of quality and credibility of online resources. Overcoming these challenges necessitates collaborative efforts between government bodies, educational institutions, and technology providers to establish robust infrastructure and effective policies. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of digital initiatives on higher education in India, incorporating successful case studies and best practices. It emphasizes the transformative potential of technology in redefining educational paradigms and equipping higher education institutions to embrace innovation, catering to the evolving needs of learners and the job market. This abstract emphasizes the urgent need for India’s higher education system to embrace digital initiatives and innovative technologies to revolutionize the way knowledge is imparted, accessed, and utilized. By proactively tackling challenges and promoting a culture of innovation, Indian higher education can position itself as a global leader in the digital era, empowering learners to thrive in the 21st-century knowledge economy.

Semiconductor as the Backbone in the Technological Era: A Case Study of Taiwan’s Capacity and Implications for Vietnam

This article explores the crucial role of semiconductors in the technological era, with a focus on Taiwan's significant contributions and their implications for Vietnam's semiconductor sector development. Taiwan's advanced semiconductor industry, bolstered by strategic government policies, infrastructural development, and substantial R&D investments, has established the country as a global leader in the field. Drawing on Taiwan's successes and analyzing Vietnam's current semiconductor landscape, the study suggests pathways for Vietnam's semiconductor sector development. Despite current limitations, Vietnam has the potential to become a major participant through targeted policies, investments in education and infrastructure, and strategic international partnerships.

Visibility and support for the pharma industry

Avery Dennison, a global leader in materials science and digital identification solutions, is partnering with Controlant, a specialist in digital transformation of pharmaceutical supply chains, to enhance real-time, end-to-end visibility and support sustainability initiatives in the industry.

Determining the Inter-Relationship between Key Drivers of Fin-Tech Adoption Among Women Entrepreneurs in India

With a population of over 1.4 billion, nearly 48% of whom are women, India is the most populous nation on earth. These days, women are contributing significantly to each of the three economic areas. Despite making up 48% of the population, just 18% of the GDP is contributed by Indian women, according to a National Family Health Survey report. Nevertheless, women barely run 14% of Indian companies at this moment. According to the most recent census, 8.05 million (13.76%) of India’s women are entrepreneurs out of 58.5 million women. Amid the increasing number of start-ups, India is emerging as a global leader in entrepreneurial endeavours, mostly due to the noteworthy contribution of female entrepreneurs. India’s startup ecosystem has transformed, which is a testament to the tenacity and diligence of the women who are rewriting the nation’s entrepreneurial history. Fin-tech start-ups in India have made it easier for women to access financial resources while educating them about money management. Despite India’s booming fin-tech industry, a gender gap persists in its adoption by women entrepreneurs. This research paper aims at establishing the inter-relationship between the key drivers influencing fin-tech use among women entrepreneurs in India. The paper discusses how factors like Financial Literacy, Financial Access, Socio-Cultural Factors, Regulatory Factors, Technology Factors and Psychological Factors affect women entrepreneurs’ decisions to adopt fin-tech solutions. It offers suggestions to policymakers and the government for addressing the financing gap for female entrepreneurs.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INNOVATION PATHWAYS IN EAST ASIA: JAPAN, SOUTH KOREA, CHINA, AND TAIWAN

This study offers a comparative analysis of innovation strategies employed in East-Asia, with a specific focus on Japan, South-Korea, Taiwan, and China. By examining these models, we explore the factors contributing to Japan’s recent challenges, while acknowledging the substantial efforts South-Korea, Taiwan, and China have produced. It uncovers key similarities and differences among these countries, laying the foundation for a nuanced understanding of regional dynamics. Additionally, this article proposes a definition of innovation tailored to the East-Asian setting to capture the intricate interplay of cultural, societal, and economic factors, and introduces a personalized index of innovation, which considers the recent efforts introduced by each state, offering a comprehensive evaluation framework that allows for a holistic assessment of their innovation performance. In conclusion, we offer insights for Japan's revival prospects. Drawing upon the successful strategies of these neighboring countries directed towards re-boosting Japan’s position as a Global Innovation Leader.

Enhancing human-centricity for strategic alignment: The value of coaching in digital transformation

Organizations as well as their employees are facing high stakes challenges in ongoing digital transformational processes. Both parties can benefit if human factors are addressed, and an innovation mindset is developed towards a continuous, agile approach towards emerging technologies, thus improving corporate culture, increasing technology acceptance and probability of persistent economic success. This paper presents the preliminary results of a case study of a global leader in mechanical engineering manufacturing employing a coaching approach during their strategic transformation. We highlight how development of individuals and teams through coaching can increase solidarity and positively affect corporate culture during transformational change, resulting in positive economic outcomes. Based on the results of the case study, we propose managerial implications and deduct ideas for future research on successful employee development during change processes to avoid adverse reactions in workforces.

A multi-objective fuzzy flexible job shop scheduling problem considering the maximization of processing quality

This paper analyzes practical production characteristics, including customer's stringent quality requirements and uncertain processing time in aircraft shaft parts manufacturing. Considering the above characteristics, we propose a multi-objective fuzzy aircraft shaft parts production scheduling problem considering the maximization of production quality. We define this problem as a multi-objective fuzzy flexible job shop scheduling problem (MO-fFJSP) with fuzzy processing time. To address this problem, we developed an improved multi-objective spider monkey optimization (IMOSMO) algorithm. IMOSMO integrates strategies such as genetic operators, variable neighborhood search and Pareto optimization theory on the framework of the conventional Spider Monkey Optimization (SMO) framework and discretize the continuous SMO algorithm to solve MO-fFJSP. To enhance the efficiency of the algorithm, we further adjust the sequence of the local leader learning phase and the global leader learning phase within the proposed IMOSMO framework. We conduct a comparative analysis between the performance of IMOSMO and NSGA-Ⅱ using 28 cases of varying scales. The computational results demonstrate the superiority of our algorithm over NSGA-Ⅱ in terms of both solution diversity and quality. Moreover, the performance of the proposed algorithm upgrades as the problem scale increases.

The White Man’s Burden: Chasing a Mirage

What is more important for the global leader – the soft power of wealth or the hard power of the sword? Upholding the dominant global position with the power of sword flatters the ego of American power brokers but, from the financial perspective, this game might not be worth a candle.

Stakeholder Perspectives on Transitioning to the Circular Economy: The Case of China

This study examined the critical role of stakeholders in the transition to a circular economy in China. As a global leader in resource consumption, China's efforts to shift towards a more sustainable and circular model are of paramount importance. Drawing on a comprehensive analysis of stakeholder perspectives, including government bodies, industries, and civil society, the study delved into the multifaceted dynamics and challenges of the circular economy transition in the Chinese context. The research explored the evolving policy framework and its impact on industry transformation, emphasizing the potential economic benefits and environmental sustainability that this transition offers. Additionally, it highlighted the barriers and challenges faced by stakeholders, shedding light on regulatory, technological, and behavioral hurdles. This article provides valuable insights into the complex landscape of transitioning to a circular economy in China, with implications for both national and global sustainability efforts.

Comparison And Analysis of The Photovoltaic Industry Between China and the US

Nowadays, the world is increasingly recognizing the limitations of non-renewable energy resources such as oil and fossil fuels. The continued reliance on these finite resources poses a significant risk of energy shortage in the future. As a result, there is a growing emphasis on promoting renewable energy sources like wind energy, solar energy, and other non-polluting alternatives. In this article, the focus is on the development of the photovoltaic (PV) industry in China and the United States, with a specific emphasis on photovoltaic energy. The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the current state of the PV industry in both countries, taking into account various factors such as PV power generation, installed PV capacity, and policy support. By conducting a comprehensive assessment of these aspects, the research findings reveal that the PV industry in China has experienced remarkable growth and has surpassed the United States in terms of competitiveness. China has emerged as a global leader in the PV industry, with significant advancements in technology and manufacturing capabilities. The country's PV power generation has witnessed substantial expansion, contributing significantly to its renewable energy targets. Moreover, China's installed PV capacity has experienced rapid growth, supported by favorable government policies and incentives that have stimulated investment and innovation in the sector. In contrast, the United States, while still a prominent player in the PV industry, has faced certain challenges in keeping pace with China's progress.

Analysis of the Economic Impact of Artificial Intelligence in The United States

This paper aims to thoroughly analyze the economic impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in the United States, considering its rapid development and the country's position as a global leader in scientific and technological advancements. The primary focus of this article revolves around the domains of AI, profitability and investments, and market and industries. Undoubtedly, the economic impact of AI is significant, yet it remains largely unprecedented. The AI market exhibits immense potential, as evidenced by the increasing trends in investments and profitability. The continuous growth in these areas signifies the rising interest and confidence in AI technologies. Moreover, the overall economic landscape is experiencing an upward trajectory, driven by the competitive spirit and collaboration among industries. The innovative applications of AI have revolutionized various sectors, providing substantial assistance to workers across diverse fields. However, it is important to acknowledge that the rapid evolution of AI may also lead to a reduction in job opportunities. As AI continues to advance, certain tasks traditionally performed by humans may become automated, potentially impacting employment prospects. Consequently, the future of AI development remains uncertain, with both promising opportunities and potential challenges lying ahead. Nonetheless, the economic impact of AI cannot be underestimated.

Community forestry in a changing context: A perspective from Nepal’s mid-hill

Community forestry (CF) is one of the major forest management modalities in the world. A growing body of literature documents various outcomes and interactions of people with CF, but limited studies have assessed the mode of forest-people interaction considering changing socio-economic and environmental contexts by employing a broader theoretical framework. Our study employed Ostrom’s social-ecological system (SES) framework accompanied by a meta-synthesis of peer-reviewed literature (n = 74), review of policy documents and census reports (n = 28), interviews with four stakeholder groups (n = 47) and group discussions with district-level forest user groups (n = 20), to explore the changed context in Nepal’s mid-hills since 1990 s. The study revealed transformational changes in socio-economic and environmental contexts of Nepal’s mid-hills compared to the conditions in which the CF was developed during 1990 s. Changes in the forces (or factors) of SES, including demography, socio-economic development, government policy and environmental discourse are so pronounced that its feedback to the social-ecological system is discernible. For example, the evolving dynamics have changed the mode of forest-people interaction and their relationship by altering land use practices, resource use patterns, farm-forestry linkage, and pool of human resources, which is reflected in diminishing participation, social capital, collective action, and (voluntary) contribution to CF management. Such (emerging) dynamics in the social-ecological system could further jeopardise CF institutions and their deliberation, weaken the forest-food security nexus, augment leadership gaps in forest management, and impede the country’s efforts in achieving global climate and development goals. To revitalize CF in this changing context, we suggest that community forests should be managed in three different models: urban, protection and production by putting payment of ecosystem services in place. As Nepal is a global leader in CF and its policies are informing forest and land use policies around the world, the outcomes of our study could offer an insight to the decision-makers of other countries for recalibrating land use policies by considering evolving local and global dynamics and their feedback to SES.

Saudi Arabia's New Care Model and the Transformation of Health Care Kingdom's Vision 2030

"Vision 2030" was the framework adopted by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to guide its economic development and foster national expansion. The vision outlined the Kingdom's aspirations to establish itself as a global leader by accomplishing the following three primary objectives: a flourishing economy, a dynamic society, and an ambitious nation. In June 2016, the Kingdom initiated a national transformation program (NTP) in accordance with "Vision 2030" in order to achieve this objective. The transformation of health care is among the NTP's eight themes. Healthcare facilities in the Kingdom have a history of nearly a century. To attain the "vision 2030" objective, the Kingdom must modernize its health care system, despite significant strides in improving the health of its population in recent decades. The objective of this essay is to provide a description of the new Model of Care (MOC) as it pertains to the recent healthcare transformation in Saudi Arabia as outlined in the Kingdom's vision 2030. The MOC concept originated from a desire to comprehend the present condition and amass knowledge. It is predicated on the six systems of care (SOC): preventative care, premeditated interventions, pediatric and maternal care, critical issues, chronic ailments, and end-of-life care. The SOC is segmented across various "service layers" in order to facilitate individuals' recovery and restore their health when necessary. Twenty-seven of the forty-two interventions described in the new MOC are distributed across the six SOC, while the remaining fifteen are distributed across the numerous SOC. The completion of all MOC interventions will facilitate the Saudi health care system's transition to the "vision 2030" of the kingdom.