Global Information Space Research Articles

Some environmental and legal aspects of the development of the information society in Ukraine

The article discusses certain issues of the use of geographic information technologies in the field of environmental protection and rational use of natural resources in Ukraine as one of the directions of the development of the information society. The use of geoinformation technologies is essential for land reform, inventory formation of natural resources, real estate, geoinformation support for navigation corridors, environmental monitoring, integration into international structures and the global international information space. Modern geoinformation resources are created as a result of the use of the latest high technologies and have a multi-sectoral origin, multi-purpose and multi-sectoral application. One way to ensure the rational use of natural resources and the environment is to use geoinformation technologies. Modern geoinformation resources are created as a result of the use of the latest high technologies, including remote sensing of the earth, digital photogrammetry, GPS-measurement, use of databases and information computer networks, are of multi-sector origin, multi-purpose and multi-sector application. In particular, they are important for land reform, inventory formation of natural resources, real estate, geoinformation support for navigation corridors of transport, environmental monitoring, integration into international structures and global international information space. The article analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of existing natural resource inventories in Ukraine, which makes it possible to conclude that state natural cadastres are the basis on which the national geospatial data infrastructure should be created. The necessity of modernization of the system of natural resources cadastres is substantiated, which should become a multi-purpose system of accounting, management and maintenance of the proper state of the environment and the rational use of natural resources for the sustainable development of the country. This will: eliminate the duplication of work on the collection and registration of geospatial data; ensure compatibility of data from different suppliers; remove unreasonable barriers and restrictions on information interaction between data providers and consumers; promote the monitoring of natural resources and the environment; promote the creation of a national system of technical regulations and standards harmonized with international standards, which integrates Ukraine into the process of building a European geospatial data infrastructure; ensure equal and open access of consumers to geospatial data. Such a cadastral system should be integrated with the databases of other information registers. It is advisable to create natural inventories based on the use of European standards, in particular the INSPIRE - EU Spatial Information Infrastructure Directive, multidisciplinary data for environmental policy, to improve the environment, to prevent the negative effects of environmental problems.

Formation of Identity of the National – State Journalism in Sociocultural Space of Russia

Modern Russian political science has been actively researching identification processes at all levels in society in recent years. In this regard, understanding of the dynamics, specifics and content of the identity of national journalism seems to be relevant. In essence, identity in the field of mass media and mass communication remains outside the field of scientific interests of researchers. The article focuses on the interdependence of journalism identity and political identity, political and information space. Journalism as a social institution, the institution of mass media is the most important component in the structure of the political system of society. This dictates the need and relevance of the study of various aspects of the identity of Russian national (state) journalism, its identification factors. Journalism is a sphere of public activity (openness, transparency, publicity), the ability to freely receive and distribute information addressed to a mass audience. The factor of open information boundaries, wide and close interaction of the media requires real integration within the framework of all-European and world information systems. Consistently implementing the constitutional principles of freedom of information, Russian journalism must clearly identify and defend its identity in the global information space. In information interaction and counteraction, the problem of the identity of journalism, which closely interacts with political and ethnic identities, is quite acute. In the research field of identity within the framework of domestic political science, identity in the field of information and journalism remains poorly studied. The problems of political science in the field of identity research are equally becoming the focus of attention of philosophy, sociology, history and psychology. Certain aspects of the identity of information and journalism can be found in interdisciplinary research, the achievements of various social sciences and humanities.

The Integration of Ukrainian Humanities into the International Academic and Information Space: Challenges and Prospects

The study outlines the most important global integration trends of the last decades in the scientific community. It characterizes state formation processes in the context of European integration aspirations and scientific integration of Ukraine. It states a significant increase of the requirements for scientific articles and their components, the rise of the role and number of English-speaking components, the increase in the visualization of the activities of scientists and scientific institutions in recent years. The study presents 2018–2019 statistics on the Ukrainian humanities scientific publications presented in the Scopus and Web of Science, leading global scientometric databases, as well as quantitative indicators of the publication activity in these databases of the members of the editorial boards of Ukrainian cultural editions. It identifies internal and external factors hindering the rapid ‘promotion’ of Ukrainian humanities to the international level. Based on the low level of Ukraine's presence in the global scientific and information space, the author concludes that the main tasks of Ukrainian humanities currently are to overcome the isolation from the European and global science development processes and to actively enter into powerful international scientific internet resources, i.e. Scopus and Web of Science. Implementing these tasks combined with balanced state policy in the humanitarian sphere will strengthen the authority of Ukrainian humanities and open the way to full integration into the global cultural processes.

INFORMATION SECURITY AS COMPONENT NATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEMS (INTERNATIONAL AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE)

The article is devoted to the research of legal and organizational principles of ensuring information security of states in the modern conditions of development of information society. Theoretical approaches to the definition of the essence of «information security» and «national security» are analyzed and their interrelation is proved. The urgency of the chosen topic of scientific research is caused by the fact that confrontation in the information sphere becomes a fundamentally new sphere of competition between the states. The rapid pace of development of information and communication technologies, creation of a global information space has led to many cybernetic threats in important spheres of political, economic, social and cultural life of society. The paper presents the results of the analysis of information security of the state as a factor of influence on the national security of the state as a whole, and thus defines information security as an integral part of national security. Given the magnitude of the global information challenge, the inability to address these issues through the efforts of individual states, the article explores the issue of international cooperation in providing international information security within the United Nations. The contents of the basic international legal acts adopted by the UN General Assembly, which indicate the threats to the international security of the information space and the need for the states to take joint action to counter the challenges in the field. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of regional cooperation of states in providing information security within the European Union. It is determined that this area of EU activity is one of the priorities for today. The main EU normative acts are analyzed, which present the European approach to the problem of information security. The general characteristics of the activities of the special bodies of the EU (European Union Agency for Network and Information Security - ENISA, European Cybercrime Centre), whose activities are aimed at providing information security, are given. The article explores the issues of guaranteeing information security of Ukraine and protection of the national information space. The types of real and potential information threats to the information space of Ukraine are revealed, as well as practical recommendations are given on improving the state information policy and creating an effective system of counteracting cyberspace threats. Emphasis is placed on the fact that state information policy should reflect urgent issues that have arisen in the international information and information security sphere. Effective implementation of strategic priorities, basic principles and tasks of the state information security policy requires improvement of legal and organizational mechanisms of information security management.

АДАПТИВНАЯ СИСТЕМА КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ КАК ЭЛЕМЕНТ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ СИТУАЦИОННОГО ЦЕНТРА

The article deals with the analysis and modeling of an adaptive system for integrated security provision as an element of the infrastructure of the situation center. The constantly changing conditions of the information environment and the global information space dictate the possibility of automated or automatic "adaptation" of security systems to the requirements of modern software systems. The main tasks for organizing the integration of an integrated security system into the situation center system and determining the rules for interaction with functional blocks is the analysis and implementation of various formalized procedures for ensuring integrated security. An adaptive integrated security system is considered as an object that implements the ability to manage and quickly build a security model for a situation center, depending on the problem being solved, or preventing or eliminating an incident. The proposed approach is dictated not only by an increase in the functionality of modern technologies, but also by the requirements for the creation of adaptive integrated solutions that are scalable within the architecture to protect against various types of threats. The use of an integrated security system within the framework of the proposed approach will make it possible to promptly respond to incidents of both external and internal nature, which will allow timely neutralization of the consequences of their influence. An adaptive integrated security system as a common platform will provide timely monitoring, context and control capabilities in various situations. The development of such an integration platform will improve automation and improve the quality of information provided by information security products.

The Effect of Globalism to the Transformation of the Information Mediaculture

The article analyzes the globalization of social, economic, political, cultural and spiritual relations in the modern world, creating the necessary conditions and opportunities for changing the values, destinies of civilization in one way or another. Also, for the sake of globalization of information culture, both the ways and means of exploitation lie in the alternatives to the social benefits of the information culture of society based on the positive and negative aspects of each other. In this context, the effects of the globalization of information culture, the directions and functional significance of the impact on human civilization are: ethics - good and evil; aesthetics - beauty and ugliness; economics - profit and loss; political science - progress and regression; Complex analysis of the theological science in the context of such categories as sin and good, its essence and functional significance. The article analyzes the developmental laws, positive and negative consequences of the transformation and globalization of information culture in the context of meeting the universal and mental needs of the global information space and outlines theoretical and methodological foundations and practical directions for the development of objective conditions and subjective factors. The article was supposed to be the basis for the eradication of the ideological polar world and the emergence of a new format of international cooperation in all socio-political relations, theoretically, the negative effects of civilization related to the transformation and globalization of information culture. Whereas, the emerging global social and political experiences increase the risk of escalation of global problems that are the result of modern civilization, the process of transformation and globalization of information culture based on universal moral and ethical principles, democratic and humanistic principles: humanization of culture, especially the media system.

Global risks and non-religious eschatology: the problem of eschatological ideas of modernity research

The article analyzes the eschatological model of ideas about the tragic prospects of human existence, as one which includes two large groups of research directions: religious and non-religious eschatology. It is stated that non-religious eschatology is considered to be the research area within which the role of global risks on a planetary scale is being explored on a basis of a scientific approach in analyzing the causes of a possible eschatological scenario for the development of earth history. In this case scientists pay attention to identifying the factors or objects that threaten to destroy mankind, and they also evaluate the likelihood of all-planetary disasters. Another direction of their search is to study the facts about global natural disasters that occurred earlier in the history of our planet. The author also notes that these scholars avoid the use of the concept of "eschatology" and its derivatives, using the concept of "global risks" instead. We suppose that such a predetermined desire of scientists, especially representatives of the natural sciences, to disassociate from generated throughout history by religious thought warnings (divination) about finiteness of not only human life, but also mankind overall because of supernatural factors. The author emphasizes the necessity of thorough analysis of the works of so-called non-religious eschatology representatives by contemporary religious scholars in order to compare and summarize the various scenarios of human development, including those developed within various theological doctrines and religious philosophy. To my mind, Global information field of the modern world leaves people with no chance to avoid realizing the global risks. Global threats of non-religious content that are considered potentially possible by scholars are highlighted in the article. It is stated that the global information space of the modern world does not leave a person with the opportunity to be unaware of the global risks eschatological by nature.

Activities of Tourist Information Centers: World Experience and Domestic Practice

The article substantiates the need to create tourist information centers in Ukraine as one of the important tools of information support for the development of modern tourism and the promotion of a national tourism product. The success of the tourism industry in Ukraine in the context of the formation of a global information space is largely determined by the effectiveness of information support for the tourism sector. It is noted that an important task of the policy of local authorities in tourism management is to improve the information support of this process, since without advertising and information that attracts consumers of certain services, the development of tourist and recreational activities is impossible. The activity of the TIC is extremely important for destinations with a significant share of independent tourists, because, in this case, they are the main centers for the provision of information services. The essence of the concept of “tourist information center” is revealed and its main tasks are defined. It was noted that the tourist information center is an important tool of the tourist infrastructure, with the help of which tourists and other tourism entities have the opportunity to receive complete tourist information and advisory services on tourism activities in the area and beyond. The TIC can provide information support to the system of state regulation and tourism management in the region, since it is necessary to constantly update the regulatory and informational and analytical framework that provides effective management of the development of tourism and resorts. The following goals of creating tourist information centers in Ukraine are proposed: promoting the development of domestic tourism; providing information to local and foreign tourists and tourist organizations; promoting cooperation between tourism organizations of the city; conducting trainings and seminars for specialists in the field of tourism; development of tourist opportunities of the city; attracting more tourists to the area; improving the competitive advantages of the area by improving the tourism infrastructure; replenishment of the local budget due to taxation of tourism business entities; rational use of tourist and recreational resources of the area; attracting investment in the tourism business; creating a positive international image and popularizing tourist areas. The world experience of organizational and economic aspects of the activity of tourist information centers is investigated. In the developed tourist countries of the world, an extensive modern network of tourist infrastructure institutions, which includes information centers, is successfully operating. Such establishments allow tourists to receive the necessary tourist information and advisory services on tourist destinations. In the USA, each state has its own tourist information centers. The “Hospitality Center” is a recreation area, including a center for visitors, they are funded by local taxes included in each bed. In South America, the most active tourist information centers operate in Peru. Free centers provide tourist information and assistance for domestic and foreign tourists. Information includes monuments and recommended itineraries. In Australia, most visitor centers are run by local or state authorities, and in some cases by the Tourism Operators Association on behalf of the government. These information centers provide services such as housing selection and booking tours (automobile, air, bus, rail). They are the first link in acquaintance of a visitor with a city or region. The practice of the work of tourist information centers in Ukraine is considered and a list of them is compiled. It is noted that today tourist information centers have been created in most regions of Ukraine and in small cities of the Western region of Ukraine. Keywords tourist information center, world experience, domestic practice, creation goals, objectives, activity results.

The right to information activity of citizens as the source of the establishment of a new integrated communication science

The whole set of political, legal, scientific, educational and economic relations in society and the state absorbs its information and communication space. This is where all the concepts of the various sciences that study the material and virtual world are interpreted today. Political science as a social science cannot stand aside in this process. In turbulent conditions, it simultaneously differentiates and integrates the problems that make up its structural content. Activities of the authorities and their relations with civil society; political institutions, processes and systems; technologies of political activity and motivation of political behavior; political aspects of international relations and the problem of supranational power, everything is interested in political science, where today is the conceptualization of ideas of organization of global information and communication space – the spheres of generation, interpretation and consumption of information, the question of interaction of information actors in science, education, economic or political activities use a single information and communication environment. There is no doubt that the digital world we are entering is not only a new logical stage in the development of the technological sphere of humanity, but a transition of the existing political-legal and socio-political systems to a new dimension of reality. Digital technologies are already rapidly grasping the footholds for advancement in all spheres of society, and digitalization is becoming a trend in modern development, however, it will require ever more in-depth work to develop ever more effective ways of legal regulation of various information and communication relations, as well as effective organizational and legal support for informatization of the state. The complexity of this area is due to the fact that virtually all social and industrial relations have an information component, and therefore the information and legal nature are all norms of interaction in different sectors and spheres of citizens. For example, relationships that arise: in the production and dissemination of information by the media; when applying the organizational and legal mechanisms of its security; at creation and functioning of the state automated information and communication systems. Legal regulation of information relations and social production activities in the information and communication sphere (infosphere), one way or another, affect the organization of all political institutes and processes engaged in the process of creating all targeted programs to improve national, state and personal security of citizens of any country, normatively – legal acts, including laws on relations, which represent the subject of a new field of law integrated with the technical sciences – information law, which practically emerged 20–25 years . Both political science and jurisprudence are still amorphous enough and are not actively defining the scope of their tasks, but they exist and require their decision. Analysis of global trends in the development of mankind in the XXI century suggests that the further development of states will occur in the face of enormous technological and psycho-emotional challenges and risks associated with digital inequality of citizens, however, and under such conditions, the formation of societies and their policies is already happening today, military affairs and, of course, science and education. Risks are the foundation of a fundamentally new economy (knowledge-based economy), the basis of competitiveness in countries where new high-tech breakthrough technologies are being created based on digitized information. The digital economy is defined as an economy based on the digital use of digital information and communication technologies (ICTs), however, they do not take into account that digital technologies of information and knowledge processing are becoming, today, the energy that conceptually changes the organization of information and communication. Areas – Areas of processing (production, interpretation, communication) and consumption of information. The information space is changing – as a sphere of interaction of information actors who use a single information environment. Traditionally, the information environment refers to the totality of information infrastructure, ICTs and tools, as well as organizational and legal structures that represent the organizational, material and legal conditions for the existence and functioning of information actors. The basis (central part) of the information environment is not only the information and communication infrastructure – a set of interconnected communications, information systems and information resources, but also the ability of countries to adequately fulfill the political and legal conditions for its development. Key words: information, informatization, information and communication technologies, information and communication security, information and communication activity, information space, information war, humanities, scientific and educational policy, information legislation.

INFORMATION SECURITY OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT PROCESS IN THE SYSTEM OF GENERAL INVESTMENT SECURITY OF UKRAINE

The article “Information Security of Foreign Investments Process in the System of General Investment Security of Ukraine” substantiates the necessity and importance of providing informational security of foreign investments in Ukraine in order to increase the attractiveness of the investment climate for foreign capital and enhance the overall level of investment security of Ukraine. The last decades are marked by the rapid formation and development of the information society in Ukraine and the global information space, the widespread use of information and communication technologies in all spheres of life. Such processes have both advantages and disadvantages. It is important to recognize that over the past five years Ukraine has been able to significantly improve its level of information security. However, in many aspects of socio-political and economic life, negative phenomena continue to emerge that pose real and potential threats to the information security of Ukrainian citizens, society and the state. Understanding the fact that information space, information resources, information infrastructure and information technologies also greatly influence the level and pace of socio-economic, scientific, technical and cultural development of our country, implementation of information security measures will not only be a guarantee for effective implementation of socio-political and economic reforms, but also the practical implementation of Ukraine's national security strategy. One of the main priorities of economic reforms in Ukraine is to increase the investment potential of the national economy and use it to develop the internal market - a task that the Ukrainian government plans to solve in the next 5 years. Therefore, when approaching the issues of investments systematically, in the situation of increasing volumes and increasing the rate of foreign direct investment, it is also necessary to take into account the investment security of Ukraine as a whole, which information security of investments is a component of. The existing diversity of investment security interpretations was systematized at the legislative level and was first reflected in the Methodology for calculating the level of economic security of Ukraine, developed by the Ministry of Economy, and then became definitive in the Methodological recommendations for calculating the level of economic security of Ukraine, approved by the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine. The document also significantly improved the existing methodology for assessing the investment security of our country, supplementing the existing list with more informative indicators of the country's investment security. Regarding the state and tendencies of foreign direct investment inflows into the domestic market, they indicate a number of trends that allow us to confirm a certain mismatch between the volumes and directions of investing and the strategic needs of our country. Unfortunately, foreign investors often prefer industries with rapid turnover of capital (trade, intermediation, financial sector) and almost completely ignore the high-tech ones, which are a prerequisite for ensuring expanded reproduction and solving the modernization problems of the domestic economy. Analysis of the dynamics and structure of foreign investment is an important information supplement to the indicator of the general level of investment security of the state. This indicator, unfortunately, indicates that the vast majority of indicators are only within the critical level. The reasons for this state of investment security are the Ukrainian-Russian war, an unreformed economy with a significant level of monopoly power in all key sectors, an under-reformed judicial system and, therefore, a naturally low attractiveness of the investment climate. However, even when these negative factors are eliminated, the impetus for attracting foreign direct investment must be ensured by information security of investments. Its strengthening will be influenced not only by the creation of clear and secure legal mechanisms for the preservation of commercial information of a foreign investor and the protection of his property rights. Foreign investor security will also be determined by the availability of detailed information on the investment climate in Ukraine and its regions. A systematic approach to the formation of key parameters of the investment security of Ukraine will require active involvement in the process of state authorities and local self-government, which today have all the necessary tools to motivate foreign investors to open new businesses in our country and to form in them a real feeling of information security of their investments. Keywords : investment, foreign investment, information, information security, investment security, investment and innovation

«Soft power» as a catalysator of socio-political conflicts

The article is devoted to the study of a set of technologies united by the term “soft power” from the standpoint of using the potential of these technologies in order to manage socio-political conflicts in target countries. The essence and purpose of “soft power” in the contemporary activities of international political actors is revealed and investigated, and practical experience is used to study the key tools of “soft power”, including as an instrument of influence and propaganda in the global information space. The author makes a reasoned attempt to prove that in the era of globalization the importance and influence of “soft power” increases compared to traditional “hard” tools of influence, that “soft power” is actively used as a theoretical and practical guide at the global geopolitical level. The positive and negative potential of “soft power” are critically evaluated, the basic methods of protection against its destructive influence are analyzed.

ІНТЕРНЕТ-ГОЛОСУВАННЯ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ В УКРАЇНІ

At the present stage of developing a democratic regime featuring acceleration of Ukraine’s entry into global information space, problems existing in the electoral system necessitate a study of the possibilities and directions of its efficient transformation and improvement, and therefore, systemic informatization of the voting process and gradual implementation of technological voting methods in the national electoral process becomes a task of contemporary importance.Voting process is an integral part of a democratic regime. According to Ukraine’s republican order, “the people exercise power directly and through bodies of public administration and bodies of local self-government”. One of the modern and objective methods of counting votes cast by citizens at elections of any level is electronic voting in the form of Internet voting.Therefore, a study of the advantages of Internet voting over conventional voting method and the possibilities of using this method in other aspects of public administration is of certain scientific and practical interest.This article analyzes preconditions for development of electronic voting in the form of Internet voting in Ukraine. The most important advantages of Internet voting over conventional voting method used at elections to bodies of public administration and in other aspects of public administration requiring expression of collective opinion were determined. The possibility of using advanced information encryption technologies to facilitate Internet voting in accordance with fundamental constitutional principles was proposed.

THE LIBRARY IS A MULTI-VECTOR NAVIGATOR IN THE SOCIAL-COMMUNICATION SPACE OF THE INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The article reflects the use of information and communication technologies for the effective implementation of the tasks of the library of a modern higher educational institution. The emphasis is on the social and communicative aspect of the university library. The main directions of harmonization of the use ofsocial and communication technologies in the library user system are shown. The specifics and communication capabilities of the library are revealed in the context of widespread use of social networking tools. The experience of the library of Vinnitsa Pedagogical University is presented. The importance of the scientific activity of the library, the need to increase the presence of Ukrainian science in the global scientific information space and strengthen its influence in the world, the importance of studying the results of the implementation of innovative communication initiatives, the use of scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, forecasting are shown. Also shown is the relevance of the development of information and library services for research and development, improving the ranking of the university. The library provides effective information support for professional self-education, selfeducation and self-development. Innovative changes in the library are based on the project, personnel management, initiative activities of library staff and support from the administration and the rector. Particular attention is paid to the importance of mass events in the social and communication space of the university and the library, the introduction of new forms and methods of mass library activities, the expansion of partnerships and cooperation with various organizations, libraries, scientific and educational institutions.

EXTERNAL MEDIA IMAGE OF UKRAINE (BASED ON “THE GUARDIAN” MATERIALS)


 
 
 
 The purpose of the article is to identify the main tendencies of the coverage of Ukrainian themes by the British media resource The Guardian during 2013– 2019. The selection of the research object is based on the media type (“quality newspaper”, which does not depend on the influence of large capital, political parties and any other institutions), its reputation and the developed multi-platform model of content distribution among the international audience.Having used the methods of monitoring, comparative and quantitative content analysis of the array of texts, published on the online resource theguardian.com for the period of time from 2013 till 2018, the specificity of the presentation of Ukraine by one of the most influential international media is analyzed and as a result, we can state that it tends to be of a sporadic nature. The study is based on the manual search of publications, which included over 4,000 materials of various genres on Ukraine-related topics. As the selection criteria, we used the thematic direction of the texts, the chronological framework (2013-2018), and the context of events.The survey results have showed that there are certain gaps in the implementation of Ukraine's information policy, the level of interest in Ukrainian topics depends on the degree of events’ resonance, and the main focus of the British media is on the reforms implementation, the introduction of a visa-free regime with the EU, the provision of financial assistance to Ukraine and adaptation of Ukrainian legislation in line with the European law norms. The study has found that there is a rather negative trend: the British press mentions Ukraine mainly in the context of the actualization of Russian issues, which does not contribute to the formation of a country’s positive image among international community. Only a competent systematic information policy, which ensures the nuances of a comprehensive coverage of Ukrainian eurointegration aspects, can improve the situation, described in the article. Given the active phase of the European integration processes in Ukraine, namely the introduction of a relevant action plan and the reforming process in the key public spheres in line with EU requirements, it is extremely important to inform the global community about the progress, being made towards the European future of Ukraine. The following can be achieved through the formulation and dissemination of clear “messages” about Ukraine among the international media that will protect the country’s interests, improve its image and ensure a permanent presence in the global information space.
 
 
 

Problems of Harmonization of European and Russian Legislation on Defamation

Russia’s integration into the global information space largely depends on how effectively fundamental human rights and freedoms will be protected by the current national legislation and the emerging integration law. Harmonization of Russian law with European standards of freedom of speech and protection of intangible rights of individuals and legal entities in terms of liability for defamation statements is a fundamentally important task to maintain the authority of the Russian Federation in the European political arena. The work of international human rights organizations, such as the International Press Institute, demonstrates the problems with ensuring real freedom of speech in the vast majority of European Union countries. The use of criminal sanctions for defamation offences, as well as the use of extremely large administrative fines and civil compensation, in fact, is a pan-European practice of countering not only defamation, but also any abuse of freedom of speech by the media community. Such practices could hypothetically threaten free speech, and they raise understandable concerns among the democratic public about the prospects of state institutions controlling private media. Calls for social and legal experiments in the form of regular attempts to decriminalize libel do not seem constructive. Based on the analysis of the Russian practice of bringing to responsibility for torts in the information space, it is proposed to understand defamation as any illegal dissemination of information with the aim of harming legally protected interests and to make wider use of civil liability measures in punishing such offenses. The authors propose to harmonize the European and Russian legislation on defamation through the development of uniform rules for the production of the forensic linguistic examination of the defamatory materials to substantiate evidence of the unlawful intent of delinquent.

University Library as Knowledge Management Centre

The article discusses the transition to a new stage of civilization, the knowledge society. In the modern world, knowledge is one of the major socio-economic resources for both the individual and the state. Accordingly, the educational strategy of any higher educational institution should be refocused to ensure smooth transition from the traditional model to innovative in order to prepare the modern student for a life in the society where innovation and intellectual resources play the major role. The modern library can act as a control centre of knowledge, integrate with the world information resources and mediate for the user in global information space using the tools and mechanisms of the electronic library. In this regard, the e-library becomes a knowledge management centre focused on the development and maximum use of intellectual potential of library for the purpose of preservation, reproduction, building up and broadcasting of knowledge. The article analyses the opportunities which are given by electronic library for the University.The authors constructed the scheme of interrelation of knowledge and information resources. The article considers the concept of proactive electronic library of the University as a system of information service of readers, the main purpose of which is to provide resources in any form and on any carrier using the classical and network forms of services based on the advanced inquiry services. The authors constructed the model of proactive University library, which is a complex system, incorporating elements of various properties and complexity. The proactive electronic library itself searches for information corresponding to the information needs of the user, without waiting for his request; that can influence the development of his information needs. Thus, the library transforms from a passive storage of information into an interaction partner. Information is automatically selected for the user, relevant to his educational and scientific interests, hobbies and preferred leisure.

САМООСВІТА ВИКЛАДАЧА ІНОЗЕМНИХ МОВ В УМОВАХ ІНФОРМАТИЗАЦІЇ СУЧАСНОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА

The article states that the computerization of all spheres of public life affects the function of education in general and the methodical work of the modern pedagogical worker in particular. The article indicates the growing role of self-educational activity of pedagogical worker. The article deals with the directions of self-activity of the foreign language pedagogic (the study of new curricula, textbooks and teaching aids, learning the advanced pedagogical experience, mastery of technical training, etc.). The author characterizes the kinds of self-educational activity and the principles of methodical work with teachers as well as the specifics of their account in the process of self-education. The article indicates the main stages of self-educational activity of the pedagogical worker (diagnostic, target, organization, activity, final).Modern society has entered a qualitatively new stage of development, when the main products of production are knowledge and information. The main features of the modern world were an increase in the role of information in the life of man and society, the growth of the number of information communications, as well as the creation of a global information space. We are talking about the creation of an information society, which put forward the task of transition from reproductive to creative civilization. In connection with this, the functions of education also change. Today, before this social institute, the following target functions are: - the transition from the translation of the experience of previous generations to ensuring survival on the natural, social and spiritual levels; - transformation of education into the share of human life, when the content of continuous education directly determines the nature of human needs (not the needs are met as a result of education, and education determines the needs); - the transformation of education into the means of selection of mankind on social, national, intellectual and other grounds, as well as a means for the unification of peoples on the general principles of being. New information in the modern world appears lightning fast, but just as quickly becomes irrelevant. In such circumstances, the issue of training a specialist in professional activities is complicated, since in the course of several years after the completion of a higher education institution, the knowledge gained by him appears to be irrelevant, incomplete, and sometimes outdated. This problem does not lose its weight when it comes to the teacher, because for him, as well as for any other specialist, the ability to search for useful, relevant information, analyze and comprehend, translate information into knowledge, apply knowledge in time to practice, freely exchange and distribute them in a professional society. In view of this, in the process of increasing the professional skills of the teacher, a methodological work that plays a major role in the process of raising the professional skill of the teacher, whose main tasks include: - familiarization with the achievements of psychological and pedagogical science with the aim of raising the professional level; - study of advanced pedagogical experience and its dissemination; - improvement of professional skills of the teacher, in particular by mastering the most rigorous methods of teaching and educating students; exchange of experience between members of the teaching staff, etc.

Cybercrimes in the Russian Federation: Criminological and Criminal Law Analysis of the Situation

The rapid development of communication systems and the use of computer equipment for the exchange of information lead to the emergence of new social relations that require criminal law protection. The Russian Federation does not stay away from this, and although it joined the high tech race late, the development of its legal norms in this sphere follows global trends. Law aimed at counteracting cybercrimes is no exception. The emergence of the global information space gives rise to previously unknown threats to national and international security. Key characteristics of information space, such as its trans-border character, anonymity, speed, difficulty of identifying the actor in the network have led to the growth in the number of IT users and increased the attractiveness of the information infrastructure from the standpoint of using the Internet for criminal purposes. Counteracting these threats has become an important element of the complex of measures to ensure security at the national and the global levels. The authors of the article present the comparative evaluation of the level of cyber-threats in Russia, offer a generalized assessment of the place that cybercrimes hold among other global threats and of the economic damage inflicted by cybercrimes. They examine the key sources of cyber threats, the critical problems and technologies. The authors also make a prediction of the possible threats associated with the introduction of artificial intelligence systems. Besides, they carry out the analysis of the current criminal law norms which prohibit illegal activities in the Internet and pay attention to the debatable scientific and practical issues.

Transformation concept "Information technologies" in modern scientific discourse

The purpose of the study is to reveal the objective transformations that have occurred in information technology. Conceptualization of these transformations is also important. System, information, network and cognitive approaches allow to reveal the main aspects of the development of information technologies - technical and technological, software and hardware, network, communication, cognitive. The article considers the evolution of information technology. The relationship of information technology with its increasing role and importance of information in the life of man and society is analyzed. Information technologies are disclosed as technologies to create, store, record and process information. Technical and technological direction of information technology development is analyzed. The connection of the information technology concept transformation and development of the information society theory, in particular, the theory of post-industrial society, information society, network society, knowledge society and the digital world is revealed. The connection of the information technology concept transformation and the emergence of the media civilization and global information space is also revealed. The article shows that the development of information technology is an important factor in the development of the information society. Technology transition (the electronic computer as a machine) to the modern stage of development of digital technologies is characterized by the formation of a single technical and technological basis for the formation of the information society. The classification of information technology according to its application scope is proposed. Information and communication technologies characterize subject-to-subject interactions, among which pedagogical and political technologies are primarily distinguished. Information space is separate area of information technology application. Information processing technologies in the information space are the basis of modern democratic discourse. An important area of information technology is the information sphere. Information sphere is the sphere of information activity, information exchange and information relations, the regulator of which is the information law. Information security technologies ensure the protection of human rights, society and the state in obtaining objective information. Cybersecurity technologies protect critical infrastructure. The technologies of reality – virtual, cognitive, and augmented – provide the ability of a person’s consciousness and thinking to process and create new information. Identifying the social significance of the technical and technological development of information technologies becomes the basis of recommendations for the implementation of a strategies for the formation of the information society in Ukraine.

ACCOUNTING IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY CONDITIONS

Impressive changes in the growth of the role of information and information technologies as a factor in public life have led to the transition to the information society and the formation of the digital economy as the determining trend of global socio-economic development. Its latest, post-industrial phase is characterized by permanent technological innovations, increased informatization of social and economic relations, growth of employment in the IT-sphere, production of information goods and services and its share in a gross product, the use of networks and global information space for effective communication, the access to world information resources and satisfaction of the requirement in information products and services, etc. New technical and technological capabilities, virtualization of value grow factors and the transformation of the information environment supporting business models and ecosystems affect the accounting system as a means of collecting, processing and providing economic information about the activities of economic entities. Accordingly, the issue of rethinking the role and place of accounting and financial reporting in the digital economics, studying the change of its content, methodological and conceptual foundations under the influence of digitalisation and new requirements of stakeholders to information content become actuated. The authors use the dialectical method of cognition and the general scientific principles of complex research, which include empirical, theoretical-cognitive and general logic methods. According to the results of the study, the authors formulated the conclusion that significant technological and informational shifts, as well as the growth of the information potential of the digital economy space, raise the problem of accounting science modernization, stimulate the development of the methodology and organization of the accounting process, promote the positioning of the accounting system and profession,. In the conditions of the development of the information society and the digital economy there is a chain of prerequisites for the formation of a new accounting paradigm, the outlines of which are only emerging, therefore, further scientific achievements in this area are crucial - new concepts, research approaches, development of certain types of accounting, etc.