Global Experience Research Articles

Architectural and artistic image of a historical and memorial complex in the Arkhangelsk Oblast

The study focuses on the problem of сreating a historical and memorial complex on the Mudyug Island in the Arkhangelsk Oblast. A new architectural and artistic image of the socio-cultural environment is created, which bears spirituality and perpetuates the memory of the last century’s tragic events. This is achieved by a wide toolkit of the architectural science, a review of literature sources review, and a theoretical generalization of the global experience. S.G. Shabiev conducted field surveys of memorial complexes not only in the Russian Federation, but also in Australia, Canada, China, and European countries. Moreover, an architectural and landscape analysis of the designed area was carried out, along with a study of potential tourist routes and connection to the continental part. The main elements of the site development were identified, with the center of the composition located in the Belaya Bashnya lighthouse area. As a result, the authors developed a conceptual design plan of the complex with an original master plan structure based on three lighthouse beams. These projected ground-level beams include standalone memorial facilities and culminate with the elements of a café, a viewing platform, and a pier on the Dvina Bay shore. All the beams also comprise well-maintained fields, small architectural forms, open-air exhibition spaces, and concert venues for literary events on the historical themes of the complex. Furthermore, the conceptual design plan provides for the construction of a 125-place hotel next to the lighthouse. The study demonstrates an unparalleled architectural and planning solution on the basis of innovative techniques using abstract spaces of the museum complex. These spaces represent sculptural forms, artistically reflecting historical events of the island.

The Global Experience of Laryngeal Transplantation: Series of Eleven Patients in Three Continents.

The loss of laryngeal function affects breathing, swallowing, and voice, thus severely compromises quality of life. Laryngeal transplantation has long been suggested as a solution for selected highly affected patients with complete laryngeal function loss. To obtain insights regarding the advantages, weaknesses, and limitations of this procedure and facilitate future advances, we collected uniform data from all known laryngeal transplants reported internationally. A case series. Patients were enrolled retrospectively by each institutional hospital or clinic. Eleven patients with complete loss of laryngeal function undergoing total laryngeal transplantation between 1998 and 2018 were recruited. After a minimum of 24 months follow-up, three patients had died (27%), and there were two graft explants in survivors, one total and one partial, due to chronic rejection. In the remaining cases, voice was functional in 62.5% and 50% achieved decannulation. Swallowing was initially restricted, but only one patient was gastrostomy-dependent by 6 months and all had normal or near-normal swallowing by the end of year two after transplantation. Median follow-up was 73 months. Functional (voice, swallowing, airway) recovery peaked between 12 and 24 months. Laryngeal transplantation is a complex procedure with significant morbidity. Significant improvements in quality of life are possible for highly selected individuals with end-stage laryngeal disorders, including laryngeal neoplasia, but further technical and pharmacological developments are required if the technique is to be more widely applicable. An international registry should be created to provide better quality pooled data for analysis of outcomes of any future laryngeal transplants. 4 Laryngoscope, 134:4313-4320, 2024.

SARS-CoV-2 Variants and COVID-19 in Bangladesh-Lessons Learned.

The coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) in Bangladesh is a paradigm for how one of the most densely populated countries in the world, with 1270 people per square kilometer, managed to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic under extraordinary circumstances. This review highlights the SARS-CoV-2 variants in Bangladesh and the timeline of their detection in the context of the global experience with the management of vaccination and natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. The motivation to overcome the COVID-19 vaccine dilemma and track Bangladeshi SARS-CoV-2 sub-variants underscores the potential for a low-income country to excel in international medical science, despite having stressed health care services and limited availability of resources for SARS-CoV-2 testing and gene sequencing.

Business Models of Enterprises in the Conditions of Digital Transformation: Global and Domestic Experience

Abstract The article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of both theoretical concepts and practical applications regarding the transformation of business models in the context of digitalizing the economy. In the current digital landscape, traditional business models may no longer suffice to sustain growth and competitiveness. Therefore, there is a pressing need to identify and adopt novel approaches that leverage digital technologies to their fullest potential. By examining the latest trends and emerging paradigms in economy’s, the article aims to re-think their strategies and embrace digital transformation proactively. This involves not only incorporating technology into existing operations but also reimagining the entire business model to capitalize on new opportunities and address evolving consumer behaviors. Furthermore, the article aims to provide practical insights and actionable recommendations for businesses looking to embark on their digital transformation journey.

The Review of Methods for Analyzing Economic Sanction Effectiveness and Their Adaptation to Assessing the Impact on Russia in New Information Context

The article provides a complex review of methods, which can be used to assess efficiency of anti-Russian economic sanctions focusing on problems and opportunities dealing with their application. The relevant global experience and experience of Russia in 2014-2021 were used to resolve problems of sanction classification and the idea of sanction effectiveness, as well as assessing sanction impact on economy and certain markets of target-countries, for example Russia. Apart from identifying negative aftereffects of sanctions, positive consequences were also shown. In 2022 the situation drastically changed due to unprecedented harsh economic sanctions introduced against Russia, which made the use of traditional methods of appraisal impossible. The author described restrictions of using open data, including the access to national indicators and explained why traditional methods can lead to false conclusions. In spite of new challenges for researchers, stock market still provides certain possibilities for assessing sanction impact on Russian economy.

THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CCS MARKET: EXPERIENCE OF COUNTRIES WITH A DEVELOPED OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

The article examines the role of government support in the development of the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Technology market in countries with a developed oil and gas industry. It is shown that the implementation of CCS in the oil and gas sector has significant economic and environmental importance, as it allows not only to reduce the large-scale greenhouse gas emissions of this industry but also to increase the oil recovery factor through the injection of captured CO2 into depleted reservoirs. An analysis of the cost chain of various stages of the CO2 capture, transportation, and storage process is carried out, and the most costly elements are identified. The economic aspects of using Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage (CCUS) Technology for enhanced oil recovery are considered, and the need for government subsidies to ensure the commercial attractiveness of such projects under low CO2 emission prices is justified. The global experience of using economic instruments (carbon taxation, tax incentives, grants) to stimulate CCS projects in various industrial sectors is investigated. Significant differences in the approaches of leading countries compared to Russia are revealed. Pilot initiatives of the largest Russian oil and gas companies for the implementation of CCS technologies are analyzed. Recommendations are formulated for the creation of favorable regulatory conditions and effective mechanisms of government stimulation for the widespread adoption of CCS in Russia, taking into account its specifics as a major hydrocarbon producer.

Bioremediation of Some Organic Pollutants in the Aquatic Environment; the Egyptian and the Global Experiences

Bioremediation of Some Organic Pollutants in the Aquatic Environment; the Egyptian and the Global Experiences

Liver Graft Machine Perfusion: From History Perspective to Modern Approaches in Transplant Surgery.

The shortage of donor organs remains an unresolved issue in livertransplantation worldwide. Consequently, strategies for expanding the donor pool are currently being developed. Donors meeting extended criteria undergo thorough evaluation, as livers obtained from marginal donors yield poorer outcomes in recipients, including exacerbated reperfusion injury, acute kidney injury, early graft dysfunction, and primary nonfunctioning graft. However, the implementation of machine perfusion has shown excellent potential in preserving donor livers and improving their characteristics to achieve better outcomes for recipients. In this review, we analyzed the global experience of using machine perfusion in livertransplantation through the history ofthe development ofthis method to the latest trends and possibilities for increasing the number of liver transplants.

Institutional Evolution of Public Procurement: Russian and Global Experience

Institutional Evolution of Public Procurement: Russian and Global Experience

STATE POLICY TOOLKIT FOR REALIZING THE EXPORT POTENTIAL OF THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR OF UKRAINE

Introduction. The export potential of agriculture is one of the key elements of the national economy, which reflects the level of development of agricultural production and acts as an indicator of demand for the country's agricultural products. On a national scale, the export potential is manifested through the possibility of producing competitive agricultural products on the world market and exporting them at world prices. Methods. Various research methods are used to achieve the goal and solve the tasks. In the course of the study, the following research methods were applied: abstraction and systemic approach in emphasizing the factors of growth of Ukraine's export potential in the global agro-food market. Comparative analysis – for methodical research of various approaches, developments, ideas and proposals of fundamental Ukrainian and foreign scientists, dedicated to the attributes of export regulation of agricultural products of Ukraine and countries of Asia and Europe. Research analysis and synthesis with the determination of promising directions of state regulation of the export of the agricultural sector of Ukraine. Results. It has been proven that in order to ensure economic growth and increase the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products on foreign markets, based on best global experience, the Ministry of Economic Development and interagency groups should develop and support programs to support agro-food exports. Program measures should be aimed at increasing the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products on foreign markets, expanding new sales markets for domestic agricultural raw materials and their processing products, and expanding the availability of financial instruments for national exporters. Discussion. In the post-war period of the development of the agrarian economy, there is a need to develop a comprehensive program for the development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine, which was aimed at forming prerequisites for the realization of the export potential of the country's agricultural sector by stimulating the supply of agricultural products with high added value to foreign markets. In the near future, the domestic agro-food complex should become the economic basis for building a high-tech national economy. Keywords: agricultural sector, state, tools, export potential, modernization.

Effect of UV-C disinfection, domestic and global experience

Effect of UV-C disinfection, domestic and global experience

State regulation of insurance in agriculture: global experience, analysis of the current situation, prospects

The work focuses on the role of insurance to support sustainable agricultural production in economically developed countries, the importance of public-private partnerships in accordance with the potential of agro-industrial complex. Purpose – mechanism of state regulation of insurance of agricultural risks is considered using the example of the world experience, taking into account the situation in Kazakhstan. Methods – comparison and scientific generalization, review of literature sources on the topic. The study is divided into two stages: analysis of statistical sources on agricultural insurance at the international level from 2020 to 2023; study of domestic practice. Results – advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to insurance of agricultural activities with state participation have been identified. Recommendations for improving the insurance system of agricultural crops and animals in the republic are substantiated, including precise definition of responsibilities and conditions of participation for insurance firms, increasing the level of subsidizing premiums, ensuring the availability of information for farmers and creating a legislative framework. The work also notes the need to adapt international experience to Kazakhstan’s national characteristics. Conclusions - state support for compensation of damage caused by natural disasters, the implementation of the proposed measures will significantly increase the efficiency of agricultural insurance in the country, ensure protection of the interests of farms, stable development of agricultural sector and minimize risks for agricultural producers. The legal mechanism of insurance in agro-industrial complex requires improvement. As a basis for regulation, it is necessary to establish constructive dialogue between stakeholders. To assess the condition of agricultural crops, the use of space monitoring data is of great importance. Agricultural insurance is a potential growth segment and factor in food security in Kazakhstan.

ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

Introduction. In modern conditions, it is difficult and very difficult for many economic entities in agriculture to oppose large enterprises, associations and transnational corporations in the market. Therefore, in order to strengthen their economic ties, to increase the competitiveness and efficiency of the produced products, each of these subjects tries to realize its potential, using the opportunities of cooperation and agro-industrial integration at all levels of management of the agrarian sector. Methods. The following methods were used to achieve the goal: theoretical generalization – when interpreting the category “cluster”; system approach – when determining the features of cluster structures compared to other types of enterprise associations; a combination of the historical and logical approach – in the study of the evolution of the formation of integration associations of economic entities, generalization of domestic and global experience of the functioning of cluster structures. Results. It is proved that despite some similarity between agroholdings and agroclusters, which consists mainly in the fact that they are mainly focused on the closed cycle of production of certain types of agro-industrial production, but the principles and mechanisms of their creation are fundamentally different in such features as: organizational legal form, principles of creation, production structure, status of agricultural organizations, competition and management. It has been established that in modern social and economic conditions, the creation and development of agricultural clusters in the country will allow: to increase the efficiency, investment attractiveness and innovative orientation of the functioning of agriculture, to ensure the reliability of the supply of the country and its regions with its own food and to create the necessary resources for its export supplies and processing products with high added value; to purposefully improve the processes of tactical and especially strategic planning and forecasting of the development of agriculture and state regulation of the market of agricultural products due to the use of a more effective organizational and economic mechanism of interaction between the state and agribusiness. Discussion. In the post-war period, the development of innovation clusters in order to intensify their activities requires solving the following problems: clusters need a guiding legislative document that would clearly define the role and place of clusters in the country's economy, the perspective of development and participation in relevant programs. This would immediately give impetus to many movements at the regional level, as well as in relations with international partners; clusters need significantly more financial support for already developed projects and programs for the development of the economy and innovative ecosystems, as well as for improving their own institutional capabilities; improving cooperation at the regional level. It is at this level that close cooperation on the development of clusters should take place at the level of authorities, regional development agencies, territorial communities, etc. After all, they are all interested in local business working better, development projects and investment attraction. Keywords: innovations, innovation cluster, agricultural enterprise, state, agricultural sector.

Prospects and current state of chemical EOR methods applied in Kazakhstan

At present, at almost all fields of the Republic of Kazakhstan the main technology of oil recovery enhancement is the traditional method of waterflooding of productive formations. Many oil and gas fields in Kazakhstan are at a late stage of development and are categorized as «mature» fields. In the global experience of mature field development, the key focus is on the application of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques - chemical, thermal, gas and microbiological methods. This paper considers the application of chemical EOR at a number of Kazakh fields such as Zaburunye, North Buzachi, Kalamkas, East Moldabek. As the results of the pilot studies have shown, the most effective EOR here is the application of polymer flooding. It should also be noted that polymer flooding is successfully applied in Kazakhstan for high-viscosity oil fields such as North Buzachi (oil viscosity 316-417 mPa·s), East Moldabek (oil viscosity 246-377 mPa·s). In this case, water cut, smoothing of injectivity profile and, as a result, increase of oil production is achieved. Successful application of the technology largely depends on the parameters of physical and chemical impact at each stage - the volume of injection of gel-polymer composition, concentration of ingredients, the flow rate of filtered water, the presence and linear size of cracks, the permeability of pore channels and etc. Polymer flooding applied in Kazakhstan showed its technological and economic efficiency on the example of pilot tests, laboratory studies, which reduces water cut and increases oil production. Widespread use of EOR methods would allow increasing recoverable oil reserves by at least 5-10 %. Keywords: Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR); gas Injection; hydrocarbon recovery methods; chemical EOR methods; thermal EOR methods; oil production; polymer flooding; oil recovery.

MANAGEMENT IN THE XXI CENTURY

A generalization of the evolution of management theories and practical implementation of management leads to the conclusion that in the modern environment, the accepted approaches to management have ceased to work. In the current conditions, classical management can no longer be effective. The situation of the functioning of enterprises in conditions of uncertainty and crisis, in the context of the consequences of a pandemic and military operations in our country, requires a reorientation of management on an anti-crisis basis. The authors studied the main trends in the development of the world economy in the 21st century, the features of the development of modern management in Ukraine, and determined the requirements for modern managers. An analysis of global experience in overcoming crisis conditions has led to the conclusion that the solution to complex issues of our time, including economic ones, lies in the formation of a new level of consciousness of managers at all levels. In this regard, a modern approach to management is proposed based on the use of a new type of management (Ukrainian management) as an alternative that will overcome the consequences of recent years and exit the crisis state onto a sustainable development trajectory. The paradigm of a new type of management as an innovative management system is focused on creative transformations of human and society towards the vector of humanistic evolutionary development. The innovative essence is that a manager at any level must learn to use the possibilities of his consciousness hidden until today and use in his work thoughts and ideas of higher orders of magnitude than thoughts and ideas from the usual point of view of a materialistic worldview. Such transformations will lead to an effective solution to immediate problems and tasks, ranging from the personal issues of an ordinary member of the team and society to planetary problems.

ARCHITECTURAL METHODS AND TECHNIQUES THERMAL ADAPTATION OF BUILDINGS IN HOT CLIMATE CONDITIONS

Protection from summer heat is a practical and scientific issue, which is becoming more and more relevant in Europe and Ukraine due to climate changes and long periods of heat. Heat protection measures have a positive effect on the microclimate of the building, insufficient protection increases energy costs for maintaining heat in the building in the winter and protection from heat in the summer. Therefore, when designing buildings, it is important to balance the protection of the building from the sun and cold, the insulation of the building with its connection with the external environment, to ensure the ventilation of the premises and to make the optimal choice of materials to ensure a comfortable climate in the premises and to minimize energy consumption. The study analyzed the global experience of applying measures to protect buildings from heat by means of thermoregulation. A classification of the means of thermal adaptation of the building from the heat has been carried out (architectural, planning, engineering and technical measures, landscaping, reservoirs and water systems, construction and decoration materials), among which architectural and planning measures are combined and often include all others.The work classifies the methods and techniques of thermal adaptation of the building on two large-scale levels: thermoregulation of the microclimate of the site and thermoregulation of the microclimate of the building directly. The main focus of the research is on "soft" methods and means, which are traditional natural and passive measures against building overheating in countries with hot climates.Their diversity is considered and classified as follows: methods of creating shadowy micro spaces, methods of reducing overheating of building and ground surfaces, methods of building insulation (minimizing communication with the external adverse environment) and methods of ensuring ventilation.

Is neocolonialism existing in global surgery practice? An analysis of a web-based survey amongst global surgery practitioners

Background There is an ongoing discussion for decolonization of global health and a resetting of global health partnerships and practices. However, a lack of understanding and agreement on the issues involved remain a major limitation. The aim of this study was to understand and identify the manifestations of neocolonialism in global surgery practice. Methods This was a qualitative web-based survey of 445 low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs) global surgery practitioners. We also captured through focussed interviews their perceptions and reported manifestations of neocolonialism in global surgery. Results The majority (73.9%) came from LMICs, while 26.1% were from HICs. Surgeons formed the largest group (57.6%), with many having extensive experience (38.7% with over 10 years in global surgery). Neocolonialism was defined as an unequal power dynamic favoring HIC agendas. Uncompensated work by LMICs staff and funding disparities were identified as neocolonial practices by HICs participants. Limited research capacity and frustrated LMICs providers were seen as consequences. Factors enabling neocolonialism included limited local funding and training priorities set by funders, not local needs. More than 75% of participants agreed that fear of losing HIC support was a major barrier to open communication about neocolonialism in global surgery. Conclusions This study among global surgery players unbderscores existence and experiences of neocolonialism in global surgery. The impact of this practice and the enablers need to be urgently addressed by implementing mitigating solutions.

Review of flood hazards in Kosi River—A way forward for disaster risk reduction

AbstractThis research looks at how floods are handled in the Kosi River, which goes through China's Tibet region, Nepal, and India, supporting the lives and livelihoods of millions of people in these countries. The emphasis is on the institutional framework and efforts and the plan of the Bihar government to reduce the ill impacts of floods. Drawing from global experiences in transboundary river flood control and considering the unique characteristics of the Kosi River, the study proposes measures that could enhance flood management. It is observed that due to its downstream location in the basin, India is particularly vulnerable to the devastating impacts of floods from the river. Approaches to flood mitigation is a combined approach that includes flood control structural elements and other systems such as transport, finance, and communication systems that can contribute to building up social resiliency.

Unmanned Underwater Vehicles in Crime Detection and Prevention

The relevance of the research is determined by the need to develop effective methods and strategies for the use of modern technologies to ensure the security of marine and underwater facilities in the face of the growing threat of underwater activity, terrorism, and violations of laws at sea. The research aims to analyse and document specific tactical and organisational approaches to the use of unmanned underwater vehicles aimed at increasing the effectiveness of actions related to the detection, investigation, and prevention of underwater crime. Classification, analytical, functional, statistical, and synthesis methods are among the methods used. The research results highlight the global experience of using drones in forensic practice and may serve as a basis for further improvement of legislation in this area. The application of uninhabited underwater vehicles by law enforcement and state bodies in the investigation of criminal offences is considered in the article, and the norms of criminal procedural legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan regulating the use of technical means in criminal proceedings are analysed. The study reveals the lack of comprehensive research on the use of unmanned underwater vehicles as scientific and technical means for the investigation of certain types of criminal cases, such as drug-trafficking and poaching, and offers recommendations on their use to identify and search for evidence in the aquatic environment. This research has a practical value by providing new methodologies and strategies for organisations and law-enforcement agencies in the field of underwater security, contributing to more effective detection, investigation, and prevention of crime in the maritime and underwater domains.

Regulatory sandboxes for trustworthy artificial intelligence – global and Latin American experiences

ABSTRACT This paper explores how regulatory sandboxes can be used to promote the development of trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The analysis focus on the experiences of Data Protection Authorities (DPAs) who have been experimenting with sandboxes to foster the implementation of privacy by design principles in AI systems. Throughout bibliographic research, this study (i) highlights privacy-related elements on international AI regulatory frameworks; (ii) explores the concept of privacy by design (PbD) and some of its strategies, patterns and techniques, such as Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs); (iii) reflects upon the impact of regulatory sandboxes; and (iv) analyses how regulatory sandboxes are being discussed in the context of AI regulatory frameworks. While this study brings global perspective on regulatory sandboxes, it also does relevant analysis in the Latin American context by presenting different stages of development of initiatives in the region. One of the main findings of this paper is that literature currently lacks an analysis of how privacy by design could be used in the context of AI systems design and governance. It also suggests that regulatory sandboxes may be able to integrate PbD principles to foster the development of trustworthy AI, although further research would be needed on that matter.