Global Experience Research Articles

The Review of Methods for Analyzing Economic Sanction Effectiveness and Their Adaptation to Assessing the Impact on Russia in New Information Context

The article provides a complex review of methods, which can be used to assess efficiency of anti-Russian economic sanctions focusing on problems and opportunities dealing with their application. The relevant global experience and experience of Russia in 2014-2021 were used to resolve problems of sanction classification and the idea of sanction effectiveness, as well as assessing sanction impact on economy and certain markets of target-countries, for example Russia. Apart from identifying negative aftereffects of sanctions, positive consequences were also shown. In 2022 the situation drastically changed due to unprecedented harsh economic sanctions introduced against Russia, which made the use of traditional methods of appraisal impossible. The author described restrictions of using open data, including the access to national indicators and explained why traditional methods can lead to false conclusions. In spite of new challenges for researchers, stock market still provides certain possibilities for assessing sanction impact on Russian economy.

THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CCS MARKET: EXPERIENCE OF COUNTRIES WITH A DEVELOPED OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

The article examines the role of government support in the development of the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Technology market in countries with a developed oil and gas industry. It is shown that the implementation of CCS in the oil and gas sector has significant economic and environmental importance, as it allows not only to reduce the large-scale greenhouse gas emissions of this industry but also to increase the oil recovery factor through the injection of captured CO2 into depleted reservoirs. An analysis of the cost chain of various stages of the CO2 capture, transportation, and storage process is carried out, and the most costly elements are identified. The economic aspects of using Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage (CCUS) Technology for enhanced oil recovery are considered, and the need for government subsidies to ensure the commercial attractiveness of such projects under low CO2 emission prices is justified. The global experience of using economic instruments (carbon taxation, tax incentives, grants) to stimulate CCS projects in various industrial sectors is investigated. Significant differences in the approaches of leading countries compared to Russia are revealed. Pilot initiatives of the largest Russian oil and gas companies for the implementation of CCS technologies are analyzed. Recommendations are formulated for the creation of favorable regulatory conditions and effective mechanisms of government stimulation for the widespread adoption of CCS in Russia, taking into account its specifics as a major hydrocarbon producer.

Bioremediation of Some Organic Pollutants in the Aquatic Environment; the Egyptian and the Global Experiences

Bioremediation of Some Organic Pollutants in the Aquatic Environment; the Egyptian and the Global Experiences

Liver Graft Machine Perfusion: From History Perspective to Modern Approaches in Transplant Surgery.

The shortage of donor organs remains an unresolved issue in livertransplantation worldwide. Consequently, strategies for expanding the donor pool are currently being developed. Donors meeting extended criteria undergo thorough evaluation, as livers obtained from marginal donors yield poorer outcomes in recipients, including exacerbated reperfusion injury, acute kidney injury, early graft dysfunction, and primary nonfunctioning graft. However, the implementation of machine perfusion has shown excellent potential in preserving donor livers and improving their characteristics to achieve better outcomes for recipients. In this review, we analyzed the global experience of using machine perfusion in livertransplantation through the history ofthe development ofthis method to the latest trends and possibilities for increasing the number of liver transplants.

Institutional Evolution of Public Procurement: Russian and Global Experience

Institutional Evolution of Public Procurement: Russian and Global Experience

Effect of UV-C disinfection, domestic and global experience

Effect of UV-C disinfection, domestic and global experience

State regulation of insurance in agriculture: global experience, analysis of the current situation, prospects

The work focuses on the role of insurance to support sustainable agricultural production in economically developed countries, the importance of public-private partnerships in accordance with the potential of agro-industrial complex. Purpose – mechanism of state regulation of insurance of agricultural risks is considered using the example of the world experience, taking into account the situation in Kazakhstan. Methods – comparison and scientific generalization, review of literature sources on the topic. The study is divided into two stages: analysis of statistical sources on agricultural insurance at the international level from 2020 to 2023; study of domestic practice. Results – advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to insurance of agricultural activities with state participation have been identified. Recommendations for improving the insurance system of agricultural crops and animals in the republic are substantiated, including precise definition of responsibilities and conditions of participation for insurance firms, increasing the level of subsidizing premiums, ensuring the availability of information for farmers and creating a legislative framework. The work also notes the need to adapt international experience to Kazakhstan’s national characteristics. Conclusions - state support for compensation of damage caused by natural disasters, the implementation of the proposed measures will significantly increase the efficiency of agricultural insurance in the country, ensure protection of the interests of farms, stable development of agricultural sector and minimize risks for agricultural producers. The legal mechanism of insurance in agro-industrial complex requires improvement. As a basis for regulation, it is necessary to establish constructive dialogue between stakeholders. To assess the condition of agricultural crops, the use of space monitoring data is of great importance. Agricultural insurance is a potential growth segment and factor in food security in Kazakhstan.

Prospects and current state of chemical EOR methods applied in Kazakhstan

At present, at almost all fields of the Republic of Kazakhstan the main technology of oil recovery enhancement is the traditional method of waterflooding of productive formations. Many oil and gas fields in Kazakhstan are at a late stage of development and are categorized as «mature» fields. In the global experience of mature field development, the key focus is on the application of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques - chemical, thermal, gas and microbiological methods. This paper considers the application of chemical EOR at a number of Kazakh fields such as Zaburunye, North Buzachi, Kalamkas, East Moldabek. As the results of the pilot studies have shown, the most effective EOR here is the application of polymer flooding. It should also be noted that polymer flooding is successfully applied in Kazakhstan for high-viscosity oil fields such as North Buzachi (oil viscosity 316-417 mPa·s), East Moldabek (oil viscosity 246-377 mPa·s). In this case, water cut, smoothing of injectivity profile and, as a result, increase of oil production is achieved. Successful application of the technology largely depends on the parameters of physical and chemical impact at each stage - the volume of injection of gel-polymer composition, concentration of ingredients, the flow rate of filtered water, the presence and linear size of cracks, the permeability of pore channels and etc. Polymer flooding applied in Kazakhstan showed its technological and economic efficiency on the example of pilot tests, laboratory studies, which reduces water cut and increases oil production. Widespread use of EOR methods would allow increasing recoverable oil reserves by at least 5-10 %. Keywords: Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR); gas Injection; hydrocarbon recovery methods; chemical EOR methods; thermal EOR methods; oil production; polymer flooding; oil recovery.

Is neocolonialism existing in global surgery practice? An analysis of a web-based survey amongst global surgery practitioners

Background There is an ongoing discussion for decolonization of global health and a resetting of global health partnerships and practices. However, a lack of understanding and agreement on the issues involved remain a major limitation. The aim of this study was to understand and identify the manifestations of neocolonialism in global surgery practice. Methods This was a qualitative web-based survey of 445 low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs) global surgery practitioners. We also captured through focussed interviews their perceptions and reported manifestations of neocolonialism in global surgery. Results The majority (73.9%) came from LMICs, while 26.1% were from HICs. Surgeons formed the largest group (57.6%), with many having extensive experience (38.7% with over 10 years in global surgery). Neocolonialism was defined as an unequal power dynamic favoring HIC agendas. Uncompensated work by LMICs staff and funding disparities were identified as neocolonial practices by HICs participants. Limited research capacity and frustrated LMICs providers were seen as consequences. Factors enabling neocolonialism included limited local funding and training priorities set by funders, not local needs. More than 75% of participants agreed that fear of losing HIC support was a major barrier to open communication about neocolonialism in global surgery. Conclusions This study among global surgery players unbderscores existence and experiences of neocolonialism in global surgery. The impact of this practice and the enablers need to be urgently addressed by implementing mitigating solutions.

Review of flood hazards in Kosi River—A way forward for disaster risk reduction

AbstractThis research looks at how floods are handled in the Kosi River, which goes through China's Tibet region, Nepal, and India, supporting the lives and livelihoods of millions of people in these countries. The emphasis is on the institutional framework and efforts and the plan of the Bihar government to reduce the ill impacts of floods. Drawing from global experiences in transboundary river flood control and considering the unique characteristics of the Kosi River, the study proposes measures that could enhance flood management. It is observed that due to its downstream location in the basin, India is particularly vulnerable to the devastating impacts of floods from the river. Approaches to flood mitigation is a combined approach that includes flood control structural elements and other systems such as transport, finance, and communication systems that can contribute to building up social resiliency.

Unmanned Underwater Vehicles in Crime Detection and Prevention

The relevance of the research is determined by the need to develop effective methods and strategies for the use of modern technologies to ensure the security of marine and underwater facilities in the face of the growing threat of underwater activity, terrorism, and violations of laws at sea. The research aims to analyse and document specific tactical and organisational approaches to the use of unmanned underwater vehicles aimed at increasing the effectiveness of actions related to the detection, investigation, and prevention of underwater crime. Classification, analytical, functional, statistical, and synthesis methods are among the methods used. The research results highlight the global experience of using drones in forensic practice and may serve as a basis for further improvement of legislation in this area. The application of uninhabited underwater vehicles by law enforcement and state bodies in the investigation of criminal offences is considered in the article, and the norms of criminal procedural legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan regulating the use of technical means in criminal proceedings are analysed. The study reveals the lack of comprehensive research on the use of unmanned underwater vehicles as scientific and technical means for the investigation of certain types of criminal cases, such as drug-trafficking and poaching, and offers recommendations on their use to identify and search for evidence in the aquatic environment. This research has a practical value by providing new methodologies and strategies for organisations and law-enforcement agencies in the field of underwater security, contributing to more effective detection, investigation, and prevention of crime in the maritime and underwater domains.

Regulatory sandboxes for trustworthy artificial intelligence – global and Latin American experiences

ABSTRACT This paper explores how regulatory sandboxes can be used to promote the development of trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The analysis focus on the experiences of Data Protection Authorities (DPAs) who have been experimenting with sandboxes to foster the implementation of privacy by design principles in AI systems. Throughout bibliographic research, this study (i) highlights privacy-related elements on international AI regulatory frameworks; (ii) explores the concept of privacy by design (PbD) and some of its strategies, patterns and techniques, such as Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs); (iii) reflects upon the impact of regulatory sandboxes; and (iv) analyses how regulatory sandboxes are being discussed in the context of AI regulatory frameworks. While this study brings global perspective on regulatory sandboxes, it also does relevant analysis in the Latin American context by presenting different stages of development of initiatives in the region. One of the main findings of this paper is that literature currently lacks an analysis of how privacy by design could be used in the context of AI systems design and governance. It also suggests that regulatory sandboxes may be able to integrate PbD principles to foster the development of trustworthy AI, although further research would be needed on that matter.

Insights and Guidance for China’s Offshore CO2 Storage Development: Evidence from Global Experience

Through extensive data research and analysis, this paper comprehensively summarizes the status and key insights of global carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) development. It aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the relevant policies, technologies, and security measures adopted by major countries in their CCS development processes. Furthermore, it explores the existing status and limitations of China’s offshore development efforts, while providing valuable recommendations for enhancing China’s offshore CCS initiatives, as well as serving as a reference for other nations worldwide. Offshore CCS plays a crucial role for China to achieve the development target of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, due to its energy structure and industrial distribution. While China possesses significant offshore CCS potential, achieving commercialization still requires substantial efforts. To facilitate the process and draw insights from successful experiences in other countries, this paper illustrates the characteristics and generalizes the experience of offshore CCS industry practices in America, Europe and Japan, respectively. Furthermore, it is recommended that a new round of investigation into offshore CCS potential be conducted, while promoting integrated collaboration between geological surveying and marine scientific research. Additionally, further research on industrial policies and green financial strategies should be undertaken.

SOCIAL INNOVATIONS AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE CONTEXT OF POST-WAR RECOVERY OF UKRAINE: CONCEPTUALISATION AND LEGAL ASPECTS

Global experiences of post-war and post-conflict recovery and reconstruction show that preparations for the post-war period should begin even before the conflict ends. For Ukraine's post-war recovery, promoting social entrepreneurship and implementing social innovations is crucial. These efforts will foster practical cooperation between the state, businesses, and the public, addressing various challenges collectively, solving socio-economic problems, and implementing reforms. The purpose of this article is to study the essence and evolution of knowledge about constructs and concepts in the fields of social innovation and social entrepreneurship, to substantiate the opportunities for the dissemination of social innovations, and to create conditions for social entrepreneurship in addressing social needs in the context of Ukraine's post-war recovery. Given its fragmented conceptualisation and widespread use by scholars, policymakers, and practitioners, this study is driven by the need for a theoretical justification of social innovation and entrepreneurship. Methods: To achieve this goal and solve specific tasks, empirical and theoretical research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, and generalisation. These methods, applied at a dialectical level, provide a scientific basis for theoretical and methodological approaches to introducing social innovations in public life. With the help of multidisciplinary ontological analysis and the use of bibliometric indicators, such as citations, co-citations, bibliometric links and coincidences, the main research trends in the knowledge clusters of social innovation and social entrepreneurship were identified. This was accomplished through system mapping with the VOSviewer tool and the analysis and synthesis of publications on social innovation and social entrepreneurship for deep theoretical and practical understanding, as well as evaluation of current research at the interdisciplinary level. Results and Conclusions: Ukrainian legislation does not define the concepts of "social innovation" and "social entrepreneurship," which hinders the development and functioning of social entrepreneurship and the production of social innovations. The war and its aftermath have created new challenges that require new practical approaches and means of solving social problems. One of these approaches is to combine the measures of the current social policy in Ukraine, limited by the organisational and financial involvement of the state in solving social problems, with the possibilities of public participation and entrepreneurial activity. Introducing modern world practices of social innovation and social entrepreneurship, as well as regulatory regulation of social enterprises, will be an essential step towards developing the non-governmental sector of social development and social protection policy.

ANALYZING THE SOCIO-LEGAL DYNAMICS AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF LAND ACQUISITION IN BANGLADESH: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE WITH INDIAN LAWS AND GLOBAL BEST PRACTICES

Land acquisition has continued to be a major concern in Bangladesh, a densely populated country, because of the nation’s limited land resources and the value of land to people’s livelihoods. There is a great deal of hardship and discontent as a result of inadequate land acquisition and rehabilitation policies, which have left the displaced with insufficient compensation and rehabilitation. This article compares and contrasts the land acquisition laws of India and Bangladesh, taking a critical look at both countries’ current legal frameworks. Although recent legislation has been introduced in both countries, Bangladesh’s framework is insufficient to protect the rights and interests of affected landowners. The Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Act 2017 of Bangladesh has also fallen short of international standards on the acquisition process. In order to support sustainable growth and protect landowners’ rights, this article argues for the creation of a transparent legal framework and prudent policies. Based on global experiences and best practices, the paper offers a series of suggestions to improve the process of acquisition and guarantee equitable treatment for all impacted parties. Recognising the critical role of land acquisition in Bangladesh’s development trajectory and its profound impact on the livelihoods of millions, this article underscores the urgency of reforming the existing land acquisition law. This analysis contributes to the ongoing discourse on land acquisition in Bangladesh with the objective to establish a more equitable balance between public interests and the rights of landowners, ultimately benefiting society as a whole.

Association between park vitality and commercial vitality: a case study in Chengdu

ABSTRACT Urban vitality stands as a pivotal metric for evaluating the sustainability and appeal of urban environments. Global experiences underscore the significance of parks and shopping centers as crucial components of urban vitality spaces. However, existing literature predominantly concentrates on the individual impacts of parks or shopping centers on urban vitality, with limited exploration into the vitality relationship between them, often relying on linear correlation analyses. To address this gap, this study, centered on the renowned Park City of Chengdu in China, employs Baidu heatmap and POI data, utilizing a combination of spatial syntax and linear and non-linear analysis methods to examine the influence of road accessibility on the vitality of shopping malls and parks, as well as their correlation. Findings indicate: (1) High-vitality shopping malls primarily cluster within the first ring road, while park utilization is notably higher in the southern urban area. (2) High-vitality parks and shopping centers are situated in regions characterized by elevated global integration and efficiency values, suggesting their vitality is influenced by road accessibility. (3) Linear correlation analysis, with global integration and efficiency values controlled, yields correlation coefficients of 0.797 and 0.795 for high-vitality parks and shopping centers, respectively. Non-linear correlation analysis indicates a correlation coefficient close to 0.7 between park vitality and shopping mall vitality, highlighting a strong correlation between them. This study elucidates the critical relationship between park vitality and commercial vitality in urban layout, offering valuable insights for urban planning strategies aimed at promoting sustainable urban development.

Learning From the Global Experience in Conflict Prevention

This article identifies some of the central blind spots in the Western understanding of conflict prevention. On the one hand, this is achieved by referencing research that contrasts elements of Western conflict prevention approaches with more successful non-Western methods. On the other hand, the article summarizes research indicating which framings and social realities predict conflict onset and escalation, exposing intellectual approaches that are detrimental to conflict prevention. Throughout this exploration, the article also unveils my personal intellectual history and development in the field of peace studies.

The Value of International Exchange Programs for Physician Assistants: Surveying a US-Netherlands Advanced Practice Provider Exchange Program.

International exchange programs between physician assistants (PAs) and other advanced practice providers (APPs) from different countries can facilitate opportunities for global health training and experiences. This article examines a survey of 5 PAs, 4 nurse practitioners, and 1 certified nursing specialist working in the United States (US) about their experience collaborating in an international exchange program with APPs in the Netherlands. Ten APPs in the United States anonymously answered an 8-item survey on their experience in an international exchange program with APPs in the Netherlands with a 100% response rate. The survey contained questions regarding the impact of the program on cultural competence, professional development, and perception of health care systems. All respondents agree or strongly agree that the program contributed to APP growth in cultural competence and professional development. Eighty percent of respondents found APP practices in the United States compared with the Netherlands to be somewhat or extremely similar, with differences noted in training and education, patterns of utilization, and roles in procedures. Free responses indicate APPs are used similarly in the Netherlands and the United States, while APP training models and health care infrastructure in the 2 countries have notable differences. Survey results examined in this article underscore how an international exchange program can not only enrich individual professional paths but also positively contribute to the broader global health care landscape. The lessons learned, shared experiences, and insights gained have the potential to shape health care practices on an international scale, fostering a collaborative and interconnected future for health care providers worldwide.

Mechanism for the Formation and Implementation of HR Policy: The Global Experience

Mechanism for the Formation and Implementation of HR Policy: The Global Experience

Search for innovative solutions to improve the energy system of Ukraine: World experience

This study analyses the global experience of introducing innovations in the energy sector to identify effective solutions that can be applied to improve the energy system of Ukraine. The research methods included a comparative analysis of international experience in the energy sector, an assessment of the possibilities of adapting innovative technologies to Ukrainian conditions, and an examination of technical and economic aspects of integrating new solutions. The study analysed the experience of countries such as Germany, Denmark, the United States, Finland, the Netherlands, Sweden, Japan, China, France, and South Korea, which have succeeded in implementing innovative solutions in the energy sector, in particular, in the integration of renewable energy sources (RES), the development of smart networks, energy decentralisation, energy storage technologies, and energy efficiency improvement. It is identified that the most efficient approaches include the integrated use of renewable energy sources in combination with energy storage, which ensures the stability of energy supply even in conditions of uneven electricity production. The importance of smart networks for optimising energy distribution and reducing losses is also emphasised. The decentralisation of energy and the development of energy cooperatives contribute to improving energy security and community engagement. The study also showed that the introduction of smart energy management systems at the consumer level helps to increase the flexibility of the energy system and effectively respond to fluctuations in demand. In addition, it is determined that the successful implementation of innovative projects in the energy sector requires state support through subsidies and regulatory incentives. Based on international experience, it is concluded that combining technical solutions with effective management and political initiatives is key to ensuring the sustainable development of the Ukrainian energy system