Global Environmental Pollution Research Articles

THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES ON MITIGATION OF POLLUTION IN AGRICULTURE: THE THEORETICAL APPROACH

The research problem is based on the increasing global environmental pollution, reduction of the natural potential of countries, and the importance of exploration of effective measures for the solution of these issues. The research analyzes the impact of environmental taxes as an environmental policy instrument helping reduce environmental pollution and increase the natural potential of agriculture. Environmental taxes are one of the most important tools for the reduction of GHG emissions in the EU. The research aim is to theoretically substantiate the role and impact of environmental taxes on the mitigation of pollution in agriculture. Research results present that environmental taxes have generic and specific goals and are related to the conventional tax functions: fiscal, regulatory, and redistributory. The identified strengths, weaknesses, applicability, and limitations of the environmental taxes enabled the identification of the prospects of these taxes in terms of pollution mitigation. The classification schemes of the environmental taxes were prepared with the environmental taxes grouped by various attributes. Moreover, the environmental tax objects were identified and substantiated, in particular, those in agriculture. The possibilities and limitations of application of the environmental taxes to agriculture in the context of the implementation of the European Green Deal were described. The following theoretical methods were used in order to substantiate the problem’s relevance: scientific literature analysis, comparative analysis, systemic analysis, document analysis, generalization analysis, and other common research methods. The bibliometric method was used in the analysis of the relations between environmental taxes goals and functions from the theoretical perspective.

Sentinel species selection for monitoring microplastic pollution: A review on one health approach

Nowadays, global environmental pollution is one of the most topical issues we have to deal with on a daily basis. Due to the development of the current society including industrial and agricultural areas, pollution and waste have increased dramatically in recent years. Among all contaminants spread worldwide, the increased use of plastic is probably the most evident. Nevertheless, plastic objects which are released into environmental compartments are processed into smaller units of plastic debris, defined, based on their dimensions, as micro- (MP) and nano-plastics (NP). These particles are classified as some of the most hazardous current micro-pollutants. The use of model organisms as bioindicators is one of the most effective ways to monitor and assess the occurrence of plastic particles in the environment.This review aims to provide comprehensive knowledge about the behaviour and the effects of MP/NPs particles on animals, humans, and the environment through the “One Health” concept, which provides an innovative and suitable perspective focused on the intersection of the above-mentioned three areas. Moreover, the key point is the evaluation of the most efficient bioindicators for monitoring microplastic pollution in environmental compartments, in order to better understand the importance of being more eco-friendly through the reduction of plastics objects.Whereas the earth is composed of about 70% water, a special focus is placed on aquatic ecosystems and the relative bioindicators. In addition, this collection of information highlights a common issue that requires awareness, prevention, and solutions to take care of global environments.

Thermodynamic and technoeconomic comparative justification of a waste heat recovery process with integration of multifluid and indirect evaporative cooler

For a well-developed, efficient and feasible system, it is necessary to produce power generation enormously with a reduction in harmful emissions like Carbon dioxide (CO2), Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen (N), Nitrogen oxide (NOx), and Sulphur dioxide (SO2). Waste heat gases emit directly into an environment, it has many adverse effects on the environment including global warming, environmental pollution, and effect on human health as well. Researchers believe that a thermally efficient system could be achieved by converting waste heat gases into net power output. From this system, the efficiency obtained is 5% to 8% unable to meet the space and cost demands of this waste heat recovery (WHR) system. For waste heat recovery, the most typical cycles used for this are the Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle. Even though these are the best cycles but their efficiency is not as such maximum. By observing all these aspects, there is a different way of recovering waste heat and that is an indirect evaporative cooler (IDE). An indirect evaporative cooler is beneficial in terms of enormous power generation, getting maximum efficiency, low operating cost, and acquiring a sustainable system. The focus of current research was to recover industrial waste heat gases exhausted from SP boilers in the cement industry. ASPEN HYSYS software is used for generating a waste heat recovery model that further operates on the Maisotsenko cycle (M cycle). The topping cycle and bottoming cycle are used in this model. Both the working fluid air and binary mixture CO2-C7H8 operated in a model. By manipulating the model with working fluid air, this system generated a net power output of 68.53 MW with 35.44% thermal efficiency. Integrating the model with a binary mixture of CO2-C7H8 permits 48.59 MW output power with a 38.57% efficiency value. Comparison analysis is performed for extracting the best optimal parameters with extreme power generation and the greatest efficiency value. The industrial operating parameters of the Bestway cement industry operated in this developed model present 38.04 MW and 30.63 MW of power generation with 27.78% and 27.77% efficiency by executing both fluids air and CO2-C7H8 mixture. A techno-economic analysis (TEA) is performed for this entire waste heat recovery system which exhibits a cost of $30/MWh along 3 years payback period.

Swing Steadiness Regulation of Electric Vehicles with Improved Neural Network PID Algorithm

With the intensification of global environmental pollution and the energy crisis, the new energy EV industry is developing rapidly, and FWID-EV is a popular direction for future vehicle development. For the sake of improving the swing regulate steadiness and safety of EV, the study uses a particle swarm algorithm to optimize and improve the BP neural network PID, and designs an EV steering regulator to regulate the transverse swing torque and slip rate of EV to improve the safety and steadiness of EV steering. The research results display that the maximum value of the transverse swing angular velocity of the regulation algorithm is 0.156 rad/s, that the car slip rate is controlled within 0.046, and the steadiness is high, and that the maximum values of the car torque under the double shift line and snake conditions are 100 N-m and 179.4 N-m, respectively, which can effectively avoid the danger caused by steering. This demonstrates that the improved neural network PID regulator can effectively distribute the steering torque of the EV and improve the steering steadiness and safety of the EV while maintaining the driving dynamics. The use of the improved neural network PID algorithm to achieve the steering steadiness regulation of EV is of great significance to improve the safety of new energy EV, and helps to promote the widespread use of new energy EV.

Examınatıon Of Teacher Candıdates' Opınıons On Global Problems

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının küresel sorunlara karşı görüşlerini incelemektir. Nitel araştırmaya ilişkin sorular şu şekildedir:
 Küresel sorunlara ilişkin düşünceleriniz nelerdir?
 Küresel sorunların çözümüne yönelik projelerde yer almak ister misiniz? Düşünceleriniz nelerdir?
 Ürün satın alırken çevre dostu olup olmadığına dikkat eder misiniz? Düşünceleriniz nelerdir?
 Farklı ülkelerdeki insanların yaşadığı sorunlara karşı duyarlı mısınız? Düşünceleriniz nelerdir?
 Küresel sorunların çözümünde Sosyal Bilgiler dersinin önemi hakkında düşünceleriniz nelerdir?
 
 Yöntem: Eğitim fakültesinde öğrenim gören Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının küresel sorunlara ilişkin görüşlerinin ortaya koyulacağı bu çalışmada nitel bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgubilim deseni kullanılmıştır. 
 
 Bulgular: Bulgulara bakıldığında; öğretmen adayları küresel sorunlara ilişkin düşüncelerinde, sorunun kaynağının insan olduğunu, her geçen gün artarak devam ettiğini ve insan yaşamının her alanına yansıdığını belirtmişlerdir. Yer verilen sorunlar arasında küresel iklim değişikliği, terör, savaş, şiddet, çevre kirliliği, açlık ve kıtlık gibi sorunlar ön plana çıkmıştır. Adayların büyük çoğunluğu sorunların çözümüne yönelik projelerde yer almak istediğini belirtmiştir. Çevre dostu ürünleri satın alma davranışının ise nispeten daha düşük olduğu söylenebilir. Adaylar, farklı ülkelerde yaşayan insanların sorunlarına karşı oldukça duyarlıdır. 
 
 Sonuçlar ve Öneriler: Araştırma sadece öğretmen adayları ile sınırlı kalmayıp okullardaki öğretmen ve öğrencilere de uygulanabilir. Sosyal sorumluluk ile ilgili çalışmaların sayısı artırılarak daha geniş bir perspektiften değerlendirme yapılabilir.

Opening Space for Plastics—Why Spatial, Soil and Land Use Data Are Important to Understand Global Soil (Micro)Plastic Pollution

After five years of research on microplastic pollution of soils it becomes obvious that soil systems act as a reservoir for microplastics on global scales. Nevertheless, the exact role of soils within global microplastic cycles, plastic fluxes within soils and environmental consequences are so far only partly understood. Against the background of a global environmental plastic pollution, the spatial reference, spatial levels, sampling approaches and documentation practices of soil context data becomes important. Within this review, we therefore evaluate the availability of spatial MP soil data on a global scale through the application of a questionnaire applied to 35 case studies on microplastics in soils published since 2016. We found that the global database on microplastics in soils is mainly limited to agricultural used topsoils in Central Europe and China. Data on major global areas and soil regions are missing, leading to a limited understanding of soils plastic pollution. Furthermore, we found that open data handling, geospatial data and documentation of basic soil information are underrepresented, which hinders further understanding of global plastic fluxes in soils. Out of this context, we give recommendations for spatial reference and soil context data collection, access and combination with soil microplastic data, to work towards a global and free soil microplastic data hub.

Lightweight and multifunctional super-hydrophobic aramid nanofiber/multiwalled carbon nanotubes/Fe3O4 aerogel for microwave absorption, thermal insulation and pollutants adsorption

Lightweight and multifunctional aerogel has attracted increasing attention in microwave absorption, thermal insulation and pollutant recovery due to the increase of electromagnetic radiation and pollution, global warming and environmental pollution, which is an ideal material to meet the technical needs of today's society. In this study, aerogel composites (M-AMF), consisted of aramid nanofiber, multiwall carbon nanotubes and Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified by methyl trimethoxy silane, are prepared via a combination of a facile vacuum assisted filtration, freeze drying and vapor deposition, which show superhydrophobic property, low density and high mechanical properties. M-AMF32 aerogel composite as microwave absorber shows that a minimum reflection loss can reach up to ‐45.83 dB at microwave frequency of 5.46 GHz and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 4.0 GHz. Moreover, surface temperature of M-AMF aerogel composite as thermal insulation material is only 50 °C after placed on heating plate of 100 °C. The adsorption capacity of M-AMF32 aerogel can still maintain at about 30 g/g after 100 cycles for oil. Moreover, M-AMF aerogel exhibits excellent thermal insulation performance and certain selective absorbability to non-polar liquids, which can be applied in the harsh environment applications and the treatment of pollutants.

TOPSIS Model for evaluating the corporate environmental performance under intuitionistic fuzzy environment

With global resource waste and environmental pollution becoming increasingly serious, corporate environmental performance (CEP) has received much attention from researchers over the past decade. As an important part of economic development, enterprises also pay increasingly attention to environmental protection and pollution control. CEP is regarded as the result of corporate environmental management. Assessing CEP can not only make enterprises focus on the environmental protection and management, but also promote sustainable social development. And it is frequently viewed as a multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) issue. Thus, a novel MAGDM method is needed to tackle it. Depending on the conventional TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preferenceby Similarity to Ideal Solution) method and intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs), this essay design a novel intuitive distance based IF-TOPSIS method to assess CEP. First of all, a related literature review is conducted. What’s more, some necessary theories related to IFSs are briefly reviewed. In addition, since subjective randomness frequently exists in determining criteria weights, the weights of criteria is decided objectively by utilizing CRITIC method. Afterwards, relying on novel distance measures between IFNs, the conventional TOPSIS method is extended to the intuitionistic fuzzy environment to calculate assessment score of each enterprise. Eventually, an application about CEP evaluation and some comparative analysis have been given to demonstrate the superiority of the designed method. The results illustrate that the designed framework is useful for assessing CEP.

Advancing the Electrochemistry of Gas‐Involved Reactions through Theoretical Calculations and Simulations from Microscopic to Macroscopic

AbstractNowadays, gas‐involved electrochemical reactions, such as carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), have gradually become viable solutions to the global environmental pollution and energy crisis. However, their further development is inseparable from the in‐depth understanding of reaction mechanisms, which are incredibly complicated and cannot be satisfied by experiments alone. In this context, theoretical calculations and simulations are of great significance in establishing composition–structure–activity relationships, providing priceless mechanistic discernment and predicting prospective electrocatalysts and systems. Among them, density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and finite element simulation (FES) are emerging as three mature theoretical tools. This paper presents a review of the basic principles and research progress of DFT, MD, and FES to deepen the understanding of CO2RR, NRR, and HER. Some remarkable work around theoretical calculations and simulations are highlighted, including the utilization of DFT to investigate the intrinsic properties of catalysts and MD or FES to restore the whole reaction systems from different temporal and spatial scales. Eventually, to sum up, forward‐looking insights and perspectives on the future optimizations and application modes of the three computational techniques to compensate for their shortcomings and limitations are presented.

Cluster Fig (Ficus racemosa Linn): A sustainable renewable source for Bioethanol Production by Fermentation

Increased demand and remarkable rise in prices of petroleum products have resulted in the need to discover alternative energy resources to satisfy the energy demand of the world. Bioethanol has been recognized as the most used biofuel globally since it is known to contribute in the reduction in crude oil consumption and global environmental pollution. Bioethanol can be produced from feedstock such as starch, sucrose, lignocellulosic and algal biomass through the fermentation process by microbes. Hence, the main objective is to satisfy this requirement leading to the development of easier methods using inexpensive and eco-friendly raw materials for the bioethanol production. In the present investigations, production of bioethanol from Ficus racemosa L. (Cluster fig), using active Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) strain was examined. The organolepsis, miscibility, boiling point, pH, specific gravity, combustion test, tri-iodomethane test and the reducing sugar of Ficus racemosa fruits were determined. Parameters such as pH, temperature, fermentation period, yeast concentration and yeast supplements were optimized for ethanol production. Bioethanol was obtained by double distillation process after the fermentation reaction of fruits. The results show that the maximum rate of ethanol production through fermentation of Ficus racemosa fruit waste by Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases with the fermentation period and yeast concentration at 30°C in 120hrs.

Identification of the Barriers and Key Success Factors for Renewable Energy Public-Private Partnership Projects: A Continental Analysis

The global energy demand has been increasing and posing multiple challenges across the globe, including global warming, environmental pollution, and energy-sustainability issues. Thus, multiple countries have been adopting renewable-energy (RE) sources to provide clean, reliable, affordable, and sustainable energy. Previously, a number of renewable energy projects has been delivered in the form of a public–private partnership (PPP) to take advantage of the private sector’s investment, technology advancements, and expertise. In general, renewable-energy projects are considered large-scale universal projects that involve expertise from different countries and require a clear understanding of the barriers and key success factors (KSFs) across the globe. Thus, this paper focuses on providing a comprehensive understanding of the main barriers and success factors of renewable-energy projects across the globe. For that aim, a comprehensive literature review was first carried out to identify and report on the barriers and KSFs of renewable-energy projects. This was followed by a questionnaire survey wherein the opinions of 60 experts with wide experience in RE PPPs in multiple countries were collected and analyzed. The analysis shows that political and regulatory barriers are the main risks globally. Additionally, well-prepared contract documentations and skilled and efficient parties are the KSFs. However, these factors change from one continent to another. Additionally, this paper sheds light on the difference between the public and private sectors’ perceptions on the severity of the risks and the importance of the KSFs to each sector.

BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Ekonomik Büyüme, Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım ve Çevresel Kirlilik İlişkisi: Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi ve Kirlilik Sığınağı Hipotezlerinin Ampirik Analizi

Küresel ısınma, çevresel kirlilik ve kaynakların kontrolsüz kullanımı insan yaşamı ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma için ciddi bir tehdit olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı BRICS–T ülkelerinde ekonomik büyüme, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve çevresel kirlilik arasındaki ilişkileri çevresel Kuznets eğrisi ve kirlilik sığınağı hipotezleri bağlamında incelemektir. 1992–2017 dönemine ait yıllık verilerin kullanıldığı çalışmada ikinci nesil panel veri analizi yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. Eşbütünleşme testinden ulaşılan bulgularda değişkenlerin uzun dönemde birlikte hareket ettikleri yani eşbütünleşik oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Tahmin sonucunda BRICS–T ülkeleri için, çevre kirliliği ile ekonomik büyüme arasında ters–U şeklinde bir ilişkinin olduğunu ileri süren çevresel Kuznets eğrisi ve çevresel kirlilik ile doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar arasında pozitif bir ilişkinin olduğunu ifade eden kirlilik sığınağı hipotezlerinin geçerli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Nedensellik testinden ise ekonomik büyümeden çevresel kirliliğe ve çevresel kirlilikten doğrudan yabancı yatırımlara tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğuna yönelik ampirik kanıtlar elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen kanıtlar doğrultusunda BRICS–T ülkelerine, ekonomik büyümeden ziyade sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve çevre konularına daha fazla odaklanmaları ve doğrudan yabancı yatırım standartlarını geliştirmeleri önerilmektedir.

Synthesis of SnS2/Carbon Quantum Dots/g‐C3N4 Composite and Its Photocatalytic Property

Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants is considered an ideal method to solve the global environmental pollution problem. In this method, photocatalytic materials are regarded as the key factor. As an n‐type photocatalytic material, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has attracted much attention due to its suitable bandgap, nontoxicity, and high photostability. However, g‐C3N4 still has defects such as insufficient visible light absorption, low specific surface area, and easy recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, which lead to the poor photocatalytic performance of g‐C3N4. Herein, to solve the above problems, thiourea, lemon juice, and tin chloride pentahydrate are used as precursors, while carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are used as electron mediators, and the third phase SnS2 is introduced by a hydrothermal and ultrasonic composite method. SnS2/CQDs/g‐C3N4 composites with Z‐type heterojunction are successfully prepared. The results show that the SnS2/CQDs/g‐C3N4 has a 2D0D2D structure, which effectively inhibits the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, making the material have better photocatalytic degradation activity for Rhodamine B (RhB). When the mass ratio of SnS2 is 15%, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of RhB by the composite reaches the best, which is 87.8%. After four cycles, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the 15% SnS2/CQDs/g‐C3N4 composite still remains at 82.9%.

Comprehensive sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization on a permanent magnet linear generator for wave energy conversion

With the situation of global energy crisis and environment pollution, it is imperative to develop and utilize renewable energy such as wave energy. In this paper, a permanent magnet linear generator (PMLG) with 9 poles 10 slots is optimized and the direct-drive wave power generation with PMLG as the energy conversion mechanism directly converts the wave energy into electric energy. First, the structure of PMLG was proposed and the mathematical equation of detent force was deduced. The main parameters which related to the detent force and power density were analyzed. Then, parameters were classified into strong-sensitivity and non-sensitivity parameters based on the value of sensitivity SC and FEM-IPSO method was applied to optimize sensitive parameters. The simulation results show that the detent force is decreased 80.33%, and the maximum output power reaches 803.8 W which is higher than the initial design. Finally, A PMLG prototype was manufactured, and the detent force and Induced Electromotive Force (EMF) are measured, the results show that the optimization method is correctness. The oceanic test indicate that wave energy is efficiently converted into electrical energy through the direct-drive wave power take-off system, and the practicability and effectiveness of the scheme are illustrated by experiments.

Investigating the Utility of Water Cycle Optimization and Non-linear Programming Techniques in Electric Vehicle Stations Smart Planning

Transportation electrification shows enormous prospects regarding the global environmental pollution issue. However, the penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) is not massive in the global market. We attribute this to the long AC charging time and the limitations of the charging topologies at home. Accordingly, the need for a centralized electrical vehicle station (EVS) becomes a must to enlarge the contribution of the EVs industry market. Intelligent decision-making is essential in enhancing the EVS performance by optimizing the charging time and minimizing the queuing delay, especially during peak hours. In the current study, we propose an entire scenario for an EVS with a maximum of 14 EVs at peak hours. Multiple charging methodologies have been provided, including DC constant current constant voltage, DC multistage constant currents, AC 110/120 V, and AC 220/240 V. In addition, four various photovoltaic/grid integration scenarios have been introduced seeking the optimum EVS operation concerning; Levelized cost of energy, charging time and capacity. Finally, two charging schemes have been demonstrated, targeting a minimum total charging time and queuing delay, where the water cycle optimization technique has been enrolled in parallel with non-linear programming. A significant reduction in the total charging time, nearly 90%, has been reached concerning the overnight in-home AC charging time.

Insights into Evolutionary, Genomic, and Biogeographic Characterizations of Chryseobacterium nepalense Represented by a Polyvinyl Alcohol-Degrading Bacterium, AC3.

ABSTRACTChryseobacterium spp. are Gram-negative rods found ubiquitously in the environment, with certain species being reported as having unusual degrading properties. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used widely in industry but causes serious global environmental pollution. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a novel bacterium, AC3, that efficiently degrades PVA. As the representative genome of Chryseobacterium nepalense, key genomic characteristics (e.g., mobile genetic elements, horizontal genes, genome-scale metabolic network, secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters, and carbohydrate-active enzymes) were comprehensively investigated to reveal the potential genetic features of this species. Core genome phylogenetic analysis in combination with average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity, and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values provided an accurate taxonomic position of C. nepalense in the genus Chryseobacterium. Comparative genomic analysis of AC3 with closely related species suggested evolutionary dynamics characterized by a species-specific genetic repertoire, dramatic rearrangements, and evolutionary constraints driven by selective pressure, which facilitated the speciation and adaptative evolution of C. nepalense. Biogeographic characterization indicated that this species is ubiquitously distributed not only in soil habitats but also in a variety of other source niches. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the potential genetic basis of PVA degradation in AC3, which included six putative genes associated with the synthesis of PVA dehydrogenase, cytochrome c, oxidized PVA hydrolase, and secondary alcohol dehydrogenase. Our study reports the first complete genome of C. nepalense with PVA-degrading properties, providing comprehensive insights into the genomic characteristics of this species and increasing our understanding of the microbial degradation of PVA.IMPORTANCE Although PVA is a biodegradable polymer, the widespread use of PVA in global industrialization has resulted in serious environmental problems. To date, knowledge of effective and applicable PVA-degrading bacteria is limited, and thus, the discovery of novel PVA biodegraders is pertinent. Here, we isolated a novel bacterial strain, AC3, which efficiently degraded PVA. The complete genome of AC3 was sequenced as the first genome sequence of the species C. nepalense. Comparative genomic analysis was performed to comprehensively investigate the phylogenetic relationships, genome-scale metabolic network, key genomic characteristics associated with genomic evolution, evolutionary dynamics between AC3 and its close relatives, and biogeographic characterization of C. nepalense, particularly regarding the potential genetic basis of PVA degradation. These findings could advance our understanding of the genomic characteristics of C. nepalense and PVA bioremediation.

Game analysis of ship ballast water discharge management —triggered by radioactive water release from Japan

As Japan has announced its decision to start discharging radioactive water into the Pacific Ocean, it's expected that global marine environment pollution will worsen due to the contaminated water, posing a new challenge to the ballast water management system dominated by the flag state. In this context, this paper studies the equilibrium strategies on ship ballast water discharge controls between the flag states and the port states in different situations. Through a numerical study, we analyze how the ballast water discharge location, decision sequences of relevant states, the role of the International Environmental Protection Organization and its aid strategies impact the control strategies by the flag states and the port states. In the event of radioactive water discharge, the flag state controls alone do not yield satisfactory results, and the port state control is effective supplementation to the flag state control to mitigate risks of marine pollution. Furthermore, where the International Environmental Protection Organization takes reasonable aid steps, the flag states are incentivized to take control measures.

Promoting the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in regional industrial enterprises: Data-driven DEA-Malmquist evaluation model

With the increasing severity of the global energy crisis and environmental pollution, there is an urgent need to change the economic development model driven by certain factors and the investment scale and pursue science- and technology-driven innovative development. This study aims to improve the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation and promote the high-quality development of regional industrial enterprises. It constructs a data-driven DEA-Malmquist evaluation model to evaluate and optimize regional industrial enterprises’ scientific and technological innovation efficiency. First, we collect the panel data of regional industrial enterprises’ scientific and technological innovation input-output indexes. Second, we use the Pearson correlation coefficient method to identify and construct the evaluation index system of regional industrial enterprises’ scientific and technological innovation efficiency. Third, we build a DEA-Malmquist evaluation model to quantitatively evaluate regional industrial enterprises’ scientific and technological innovation efficiency from static and dynamic aspects. Finally, we verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method using statistical data on scientific and technological innovation and development of Anhui industrial enterprises from 2011 to 2019 and put forth targeted countermeasures and suggestions. This study provides theoretical and methodological support for the sustainable development of industrial enterprises.

Integrative analysis uncovers response mechanism of Pirata subpiraticus to chronic cadmium stress.

Soil cadmium (Cd) pollution is global environmental pollution and adversely affects paddy field organisms. Wolf spider grants a new insight to evaluate the toxicity triggered by Cd, yet the impact of chronic Cd exposure on the spider and its molecular mechanism remains unclear. The present study found that the wolf spider Pirata subpiraticus fed with Cd-accumulated flies for 5weeks presented lower catalase, peroxidase, and acetylcholinesterase activities and higher malonaldehyde content than the control spiders (p < 0.05). An in-depth transcriptomic analysis yielded a total of 5995 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, with 3857 up-regulated and 2138 down-regulated genes) from the comparison, and 19 DEGs encoding three enzymatic indicators were down-regulated. Further enrichment analysis indicated that Cd stress could inhibit the expression of cuticle and chitin-encoding genes via the down-regulation of several key enzymes, such as chitin synthase, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase, and chitinase. In addition, our findings suggested that hedgehog and FoxO signaling pathways might play an essential role in regulating survival, cell cycle, and autophagy process in spiders, which were primarily down-regulated under Cd stress. An intensely interactive network displayed that Cd exposure could repress key biological processes in P. subpiraticus, particularly peptide metabolic process and peptide biosynthetic process. To sum up, this integrative investigation confirmed an effective bioindicator for assessing Cd-induced toxicity; provided a mass of genes, proteins, and enzymes for further validation; and granted novel perspectives to uncover the molecular responses of spiders to Cd pollution.

Preparation of Nanocomposite ZnOTiO2-ZrO2 and Its Application and Thinking in Basketball Field

In order to solve the current global environmental pollution, reduce resource consumption, develop new materials. Makes the study of semiconductor photocatalytic methods more meaningful. This article aims to study the preparation of nanocomposite material ZnOTiO2-ZrO2 and its application and thinking in the field of basketball. This article proposes a titanium dioxide nanoparticle-zirconia nanorod composite photocatalyst. This photocatalyst is prepared by hydrothermal method to form a stable structure. The catalyst has good photocatalytic performance after testing, expands the light response range, and improves the efficiency of the catalyst to degrade dye wastewater. In this article, the nanocomposite ZnOTiO2-ZrO2 was prepared by improved hydrothermal method and condensed reflux method, and the MB was degraded under simulated visible light, and the mechanism of photocatalytic materials for catalytic degradation of organic pollutants was studied and explained. The experimental results in this article show that the ZnOTiO2-ZrO2 composite material was successfully sensitized by ZnTCPP, and the Zn element accounted for the largest amount, reaching 71.54, indicating that the prepared ZnOTiO2-ZrO2 has good crystallization properties.