Global Economic Reform Research Articles

Research on informatization construction of enterprise business administration in supply chain era

In the context of global economic reform and development, the business management model of enterprises is facing new opportunities and challenges. According to the competition situation caused by the development of the new situation, the content and situation of enterprise management have undergone tremendous changes. How to quickly adapt to the changing market environment is one of the issues that enterprise managers must focus on. Therefore, after understanding the basic concept of enterprise business administration, this paper mainly explores the information system and application measures of enterprise business administration in the supply chain era according to the current situation of enterprise business administration in the supply chain era, so as to ensure the orderly development of enterprise business administration.

Does global economic reform accentuate technological innovation? A comparative evidence around the world

Technology innovation improves efficiency, gives society new and enhanced goods and services through economic reform, and raises their living conditions. This study examined the impact of economic reform on technological innovation using the system generalised method of moments and panel quantile regressions to account for simultaneity and reverse causality. The empirical findings conclude that economic reform significantly impacted technological innovation in 79 nations from 1995 to 2017. More importantly, we verify the positive effect of economic reform on technological innovation by addressing endogenous and robustness checks via various methods and sub-samples. Furthermore, the mechanism of this relationship was explored. Therefore, the research findings offer an alternative method for national ”gove’nments to promote innovation output by reinforcing government effectiveness, financia” sec’or development, and the degree of democracy transparency. Finally, economic proposals are discussed based on the findings and estimation strategies. HIGHLIGHTS The study examines the impacts of economic reforms on technological innovation in a panel of 79 economies over 1995–2017. Using GMM and panel quantile regressions, empirical findings indicate that economic reforms promote technological innovations. The positive effect of economic reforms on innovation operates through government effectiveness, financial development, and democracy. Intellectual Patent Protection Act controls inadequate competitiveness and preserves a fair market climate.

BRICS immigration policies and visa regimes, strategic cooperation for a future BRICS African agenda

Africa is a geostrategic point of interest for the BRICS. However, the BRICS have been severely criticised for how Africa is engaged; that the manner replicates the low levels of growth that other western partners had engaged in. It is up to the BRICS to act in accordance with the narrative that has been crafted in that it is a global partner for reform. This paper explores how the BRICS may make a meaningful contribution to its Africa outreach project and global economic reform through the analysis of BRICS’ immigration policies such as visa regimes to African countries in the context of a poly-pandemic world. The paper explores the international arena attempting to recover from the Covid-19 pandemic in the context of immigration policies and visa regimes as power levers, the BRICS’ position on migration and their strategic engagement with Africa.

Challenges and Countermeasures of Zhejiang's Multicultural Community Governance under the Background of Digital Reform

In recent years, with the economic globalization, not only promote the development of international trade, but also conducive to the spread of various countries, around the culture, folk customs, customs and so on, and even Our country learn from other countries' business management model, so as to improve the business situation of our own enterprises. Under the development of the global economic reform, the digital reform is sharing information resources across China, so as to realize information exchange across China. In the process of implementing the reform of pluralistic community governance in Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions, there are many problems, and it is necessary to formulate relevant countermeasures for the problems of pluralistic community governance with the help of the background of globalization and digital reform.

The Urgency of Global Economic Reform

We have entered a new age of provocative domestic reforms proposed by Democatic presidential hopefuls. But this author argues it is not enough. The global economic system, he argues, must be reformed because it has imposed an austerity regime on the rich world, which will prevent bold new domestic social programs from being passed.

Exposures Resulting in Safety and Health Concerns for Child Laborers in Less Developed Countries.

Objectives. Worldwide, over 200 million children are involved in child labor, with another 20 million children subjected to forced labor, leading to acute and chronic exposures resulting in safety and health (S&H) risks, plus removal from formal education and play. This review summarized S&H issues in child labor, including forced or indentured domestic labor as other sectors of child labor. Specifically, we focused on exposures leading to S&H risks. Methods. We used PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. References were in English, published in 1990–2015, and included data focused on exposures and S&H concerns of child labor. Results. Seventy-six journal articles were identified, 67 met criteria, 57 focused on individual countries, and 10 focused on data from multiple countries (comparing 3–83 countries). Major themes of concern were physical exposures including ergonomic hazards, chemical exposure hazards, and missed education. Childhood labor, especially forced, exploitative labor, created a significant burden on child development, welfare, and S&H. Conclusions. More field researche data emphasizing longitudinal quantitative effects of exposures and S&H risks are needed. Findings warranted developing policies and educational interventions with proper monitoring and evaluation data collection, plus multiple governmental, international organization and global economic reform efforts, particularly in lower-income, less developed countries.

The Global Poor as Agents of Justice

“Agent-centered” approaches to global poverty insist that effective arguments for poverty reduction must specify the concrete duties of particular duty-bearers. This article takes up a recent, influential, version of this view, Thomas Pogge’s human rights-based argument for global economic reforms to reduce chronic deprivation. While signaling a welcome shift from the diffuse allocation of responsibilities common to much philosophical writing on poverty, I argue that Pogge’s approach too readily assigns to powerful institutions in the global North the role of devising and directing anti-poverty initiatives. In so doing, he overlooks the agency—actual and potential—of the poor themselves, as evidenced by poor-led political movements and poor-centered, participatory models of poverty reduction in development theory and practice. While agent-oriented approaches are right to focus our attention on structures that cause poverty, they ought not to assume that the powerful agents responsible for these are the only—or most appropriate—agents to lead the way to poverty reduction. Just as development organizations working in the global South have come to recognize that the participation of poor communities is critical to the success of development strategies, so should normative theorists writing about global injustice acknowledge the importance of the poor as active agents in poverty reduction efforts.

Contribution of innovation intermediaries in agricultural innovation: the case of agricultural R&D in Tanzania

With the current global economic reforms and advances in science, the move has been towards privatisation of the agricultural knowledge infrastructure. However, inadequate capacity of agricultural entrepreneurs and the diversity in the characteristics of the agricultural technologies have created market and system failures, resulting in imbalances of the supply and demand of technologies and hampering private agricultural business development. Experience from countries with mature innovation systems indicates the emergence of innovation intermediaries that facilitate agricultural entrepreneurs to innovate. Using a case-study approach, the present study identified and mapped the recipients of technologies from agricultural research institutions in Tanzania and analysed the extent to which ‘innovation intermediation roles’ have been applied by recipients in relation to demand articulation, network brokerage and innovation process management. Through an in-depth analysis of twelve cases, the study revealed the role of innovation intermediation performed by NGOs and R&D as project interventions not as their core activities. The study demonstrates the potential contributions of innovation intermediaries in agricultural innovation processes and recommends official recognition and government support in the establishment and implementation of innovation intermediation activities outside the project set-ups.

A propósito de la sociedad para la que educamos y el deterioro de la convivencia en los colegios de Bogotá

En este documento se someten a discusión los determinantes del deterioro de la convivencia en los colegios de Bogotá. Para ello, se pone a consideración la transformación del Estado a través de las reformas económicas y políticas que asumió no solo Colombia, sino Latinoamérica en la década del noventa, como preparación para la gran reforma económica mundial conocida como la globalización. Así mismo, la discusión se centra en las reformas educativas y la nueva concepción de educación que emergen de la constitución política de 1991 en Colombia, y su posible incidencia en la interacción escolar, desde la perspectiva de la encuesta en instituciones educativas de Bogotá sobre la convivencia escolar y circunstancias que la afectan, abordada por el Departamento Nacional de Estadística “DANE” en consenso conla Secretariade Educación del Distrito.

Global Taxation, Global Reform, and Collective Action

This article asks how global tax reform relates to other emerging proposals for global economic reform. Specifically, I will try to contribute to the philosophical understanding of this relationship, by comparing global tax reform with a reform seeking to end dictators’ trading privileges in their peoples’ natural resources. Through this comparison, I intend to establish two main claims. At a concrete, practical level, I hope to show that reform of dictators’ resource privilege will be easier to initiate than legal reform against global tax avoidance. Yet the heart of this essay is dedicated to supporting this claim through an argument at a more abstract, methodological level, which intends to make a broader contribution. This argument focuses on a key obstacle facing global taxation reforms, in the form of collective action problems. My key conceptual contribution lies in an attempt to distinguish between two forms of collective action situations (group and rigorist action), arguing that only one of them involves moral collective action problems, while in the other these problems dissolve. I seek to show that this fortunate case obtains for reform of dictators’ resource privilege, but not for global tax reform.

Modernisation of Rail Tracks for Higher Speeds and Greater Freight

An efficient transportation infrastructure has become utmost priority for global economic reforms. Railways are designed to provide high speed passenger and heavy haul freight transportation. Ballast is one of important constituents of the rail track however, it experiences excessive deformation and degradation from trains operating at high speeds. In addition, tracks built along coastal areas often undergo large settlements due to soft compressible clay deposits. This leads to progressive track deterioration and necessitates frequent and costly track maintenance. The use of artificial inclusions such as geogrids, geocomposites, shock mats and prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) is often an attractive design alternative for track practitioners. However performances of these inclusions are predominantly governed by their technical specifications in addition to geotechnical characterization of the track substructure including ballast and subgrade. Therefore, full scale field trials were conducted on instrumented track sections built along the south-east coast of Australia (e.g. Bulli and Singleton). The performance of geogrids and geocomposite was demonstrated in terms of specific key parameters such as stiffness and aperture size of geogrids, placement location of geogrids, as well as subgrade types. Placement of shock mats (rubber pads) in rail tracks has also lead to the mitigation of particle breakage. Empirical approaches to relate ballast strains with the number of load cycles are presented. Bearing capacity analyses of track substructure is discussed. The use of PVDs to dissipate the excess pore pressure for increased stability of the soft clay subgrade is presented.

International Human Rights Law, Global Economic Reforms, and Child Survival and Development Rights Outcomes

Are recent trends in international law supporting child rights and promoting neoliberal economic reforms complementary or contradictory? To answer this question, we identify the component parts of child rights mobilization, recent global economic reforms, and child rights outcomes to theorize the particular relationships among them. Focusing on child survival and development rights in 99 poor and middle-income countries from 1983 to 2001, we find that countries' acquiescence to established international law concerning economic rights influences the successful implementation of most of these rights, while the ratification of child rights treaties does not show an effect during the period studied. National links to child rights nongovernmental organizations are also associated with improved child rights outcomes, as is being selected to receive a loan from the World Bank (for reducing child labor and increasing immunizations). We find weak support for the hypothesis that the implementation of loan conditionalities is more deleterious for rights that are costlier to implement. We also find that achieving the goal of neoliberal economic reforms—trade openness—results in less successful implementation of most child rights outcomes considered. Finally, in a related analysis, we find that the ratification of child rights treaties, as well as the adoption and implementation of structural adjustment agreements, enhances the presence of child-related organizations within countries.

Engaging the health community in global economic reform

Engaging the health community in global economic reform

THE LA LUCIA-UMHLANGA RIDGE AS AN EMERGING “EDGE CITY”

ABSTRACT For the past thirty years, major metropolitan areas have been deconstructed and reconstructed as a consequence of global economic reform and the progression of capitalism. One of the key dimensions of this transition is the changing form of cities through the process of decentralization. This process initially involved communities, but recently has included commercial relocation. Garreau (1991) coined the phrase “Edge City”, which refers to this process and the recentralisation of office space in previously greenfield locations. The La Lucia-Umhlanga Ridge, north of Durban, on the east coast of South Africa, displays the characteristics of a possible “Edge City”. This paper is aimed at discovering the degree to which this transition is occurring by applying Garreau's (1991) concept of an “Edge City”. The study area is comprised of a commercial hub to which a number of national and multinational companies have relocated from the CBD, as well as a wide range of retail activities. Holistic planning has included a residential component in the form of gated communities. The location is also typical of “Edge Cities”, which locate in peripheral locations at the intersection of freeways. This and other evidence indicates that the emergence of an “Edge City” is occurring in line with global trends. However, it is contended that in the context of South Africa as a developing society in transition, the decentralisation of business/residential nodes cannot be completely aligned with processes occurring in the developed world.

State Prerogatives, Civil Society, and Liberalization: The Paradoxes of the Late Twentieth Century in the Third World

The end of the Cold War has left the international system in a state of paradox, most prominently in the growing conflict between the legal-political global order and the growth of civil society. Monshipouri identifies and discusses three paradoxes that exemplify this central conflict: state-building versus democratization; economic liberalization versus political liberalization; and human rights versus state sovereignty. In discussing each of these paradoxes, the author describes the difficulties and ethical questions involved in making economic and political reforms without the necessary means and institutional resources. Monshipouri concludes that in order to manage such dilemmas, Third World states must find a delicate balance between global economic reforms and an ethically sensitive international political and legal order.