Global Coffee Research Articles

Direction of trade of Indian arabica coffee

Coffee (Coffea) is one of the most valuable commercial crops and the second most traded agricultural commodity on a global scale. Around 100.55 lakh MT of coffee will be consumed worldwide in 2019–20. South America, Asia, Africa, and Central America were identified as major coffee-growing regions, comprising of countries Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Indonesia, Honduras, Ethiopia, India, Uganda, Peru, and Mexico. While Brazil and Vietnam contribute 50 per cent of the world’s coffee, India stands at 7th position in terms of production and exporting 2,61,374 GBE (Green Bean Equivalent - Quantity In MT) of coffee to the world, worth of Rs. 4131.82 crores during 2019-20 and contributes 2.5 per cent to the nation’s primary sector export earnings. Markov Chain analysis helps to understand the export pattern of Indian arabica coffee. Italy, Belgium, Germany, U.S.A, Switzerland, United Kingdom, France, Australia, Russian Federation and some other countries are the major importers of Indian arabica coffee. The only consistent importer of Indian arabica coffee was Italy. Despite having many major importers, India was unable to maintain a consistent share of the global market. Because of increased competition, arabica coffee’s export share has been declining. One of the major reasons for this decline was tough competition from Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Indonesia, Honduras, and Ethiopia. This shows that there is a need to frame policies in favor of increased coffee marketing to gain the competitive advantage in the global coffee market.

PROSES PENGOLAHAN KOPI ROBUSTA POROT TEMANGGUNG UNTUK MENGATASI KENDALA CUACA

It is important for the global coffee industry to make robusta coffee safely and on time. In this study, we look at how well a simple simulation-based method works and try to guess how much robusta coffee will grow in the Tuanggung area. The main process is the growth and development of coffee, which simulates its response to climate variations and potential water requirements during the foggy growing process. Such weather conditions make Robusta coffee unique in taste. This model was made and tested for people in Indonesia, especially in West Java, which has many coffee farms. The model building is very important for long-term coffee productivity studies in areas where the climate changes drastically and does not have long-term climate stations. This simple process-based model from research on community service (PkM) can be used as a starting point for making robusta coffee with a season that works with a weather forecasting system. This process will help farmers and businesses better prepare and manage their supply chains. For extreme weather changes and increased profitability.

Improving the Creative Process Strategy of the Specialty Coffee in Eastern Province Saudi Arabia in Strengthening Sustainability in the Coffee Value Chain

The progress of the coffee trend globally is one of the options for developing SMEs in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. The third-wave generation of specialty coffee is growing with a large selection of artisanal coffee drinks, empowering the latest generation to follow the coffee industry's value chain through coffee skills and sustainability. Sustainability in the coffee value chain will be connected to the three-bottom legs that make it sustainable in the social economy and environment. Eastern Province has the potential to become a coffee hub in tackling challenges in the coffee value chain. Still, stakeholder empowerment is needed for coffeeprenuers in Eastern Province to make coffee value chains resilient collaboratively. Creative process strategies are required to investigate the advancement in ideas and innovations. This qualitative descriptive study will help the catch in opening the eyes of the global coffee community and especially in Saudi Arabia, in seeing the opportunity for the coffee value chain in the region.

COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS OF THE WORLD COFFEE MARKET

The research is directed to systematization of information on trends in the development of the world coffee market in order to identify problems for the period from 2016 to 2021. That is why the authors not only systematize information, but also conduct competitive analysis based on statistical databases. The subject of the research is a competitive analysis of the world coffee market. The goal of the article is research and analysis of the current state of the world coffee market, identification of key players on it who are the main founders of its development processes, building a profile of their competitiveness. The following tasks are solved in the article: analysis of the current state of the world coffee market and determination of the trend of its development; identification of key players in the global coffee market and analysis of their financial indicators; assessment of the competitiveness of the largest coffee production companies in the world according to certain parameters. The methods used are: analysis and synthesis, comparison and grouping, comprehensive assessment. The results have been obtained: determining the current state and trends in the world coffee market, prices for green coffee beans, world volumes of domestic coffee production (harvest) and exports, main countries-importers and exporters of coffee beans, retail prices of roasted coffee beans among the countries of the world, volumes of sales of ready-made coffee beans, soluble products in the world, shares of the retail market trade of the world’s largest producers of grain and instant coffee products, the ratio of sales of finished coffee products in the world by geographical indication. An assessment of the competitiveness of the researched companies for the production of ready-made coffee products was carried out according to parameters, which made it possible to identify three leaders in the world market. Conclusions. The results of the competitive analysis of the global coffee market can be used in the work of consulting companies, business analysts and coffee business owners. The practical benefit of this research lies in the determination of key indicators of market functioning and the formation of a structural approach to conducting a competitive analysis of not only the world, but also the national coffee market, based on information from statistical databases.

Can Coffee Certification Reduce Poverty? Results from a Household Study of Smallholder Farmers in Indonesia

Sustainability certification are increasingly demanded in the global coffee trade, but its economic and poverty alleviation effects for smallholder farmers are still poorly understood. We study these effects using cross-sectional household data obtained from a survey of 320 farm households from four districts in the coffee-producing provinces of Lampung and Aceh in Indonesia. We combine a monetary expenditure approach with a non-monetary approach. Both approaches reveal information on the number of respondents that can be considered poor, as well as on the intensity of poverty experienced by them. In terms of non-monetary approach, we refer to multidimensional poverty index (MPI) that identifies deprivations in education, health and standards of living. In terms of monetary approach, we examine poverty gap index that measure coffee farmers’ expenditure lies below the poverty line. We compare between certified and conventional (non-certified) coffee farmers. The results show that economic benefits contributing to poverty alleviation can be gained from coffee certification. The differences in the value of poverty measurements between certified and conventional farmers are small but statistically significant. Certified farmers are found to be less frequently poor compared to conventional farmers. There is no significant difference on the intensity of poverty for both groups of smallholder farmers. Given these results, certification is not a highly recommended strategy for poverty alleviation among smallholder coffee farmers in Indonesia.

An Insight into Unprecedented Performance of Coffee Sector in Bungoma County, Kenya, 1967-1988

The period 1964-1988 recorded unprecedented performance of Coffee Sector in Bungoma County as witnessed by the volume of production. For instance, Kenya's coffee production and earnings grew at an annual rate of 6.6 percent per year between 1963 and 1988, with a simultaneous increase in annual yield rate of 0.9 percent. However, after 1988 production declined by 62 percent between 1989 and 2008-10 and by 5.5 percent between 1988/89 and 2009/10. This performance saw various households record favorable returns that had a positive impact on socio-economic development of the study region. The decline in coffee productivity has seen the region fall to a record relatively higher level of poverty index. For instance, Kenya County Facts Sheets (GoK, 2013) gave the poverty Index for Bungoma County as 52.9 percent against the national index of 47.6 percent. This state is a clear pointer that Bungoma County significantly contributes to the national poverty index. It is against this background that this study undertook a historical analysis of the performance of the coffee sector in the period 1963-1988 with the purpose of providing an insight into circumstances that led to the unprecedented performance of the coffee sector in the study period purposed to guide reforms in the coffee sector so that the sector could regain its lost glory. The study was guided by Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DIT). The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population consisted of: 7304 coffee farmers spread across, 39 coffee factories in Bungoma County, 39 chairmen of coffee factories as representatives of the management, 6 Agricultural Officers of the Sub-Counties in which the factories are found, and An informed elderly local leader with a wide knowledge of economic activities to offer real testimony on issues that may have been witnessed The study utilized both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. The study established that the high productivity of coffee during the study period was promoted by farmer support programs such as the provision of farm inputs, support education programs, and attractive global coffee prices. The study recommends restoration of the same programs if coffee productivity is to be improved.

Flow experience of consumers in global coffee shops: Evidence from an emerging market

This study aimed to examine the effect of the flow experience of global coffee shop consumers on the intention to recommend and revisit and the effect of satisfaction on the intention to recommend and revisit. It also aimed to determine whether satisfaction mediates the relationship between flow experience and intention to recommend and revisit. Data were obtained through an online questionnaire by young consumers in Türkiye, an emerging market. Simple linear regression and mediation analysis were applied to test the hypotheses. The major findings indicated that both flow experience and satisfaction significantly affected these behavioural intentions. Moreover, the findings empirically confirmed and theoretically proved that satisfaction was important due to its direct effect on behavioural intention and its indirect effect on how flow experience affects behavioural intention as a mediator. This study is expected to provide significant evidence that expands the knowledge of consumer behaviour by identifying and explaining the relationship between flow experience and behavioural intention.

Estimating the impact on water scarcity due to coffee production, trade, and consumption worldwide and a focus on EU

Coffee consumption is concentrated in the “Global North”, while production is mainly located in the “Global South”. This trade-driven dependency leads to the exploitation of natural resources. As an export-oriented cash crop, such dependency jeopardizes the existence of a fair distribution of the risks and revenues among all the actors taking part in its globalized supply chain. Coffee trees are mainly rain-fed and only partly irrigated. However, the increasing global coffee demand led to higher consumption of freshwater, which can exacerbate the stressed condition of already stressed water basins. This study quantifies the impact of global coffee consumption on water scarcity, considering the larger system made of producer and consumer countries. The global displacement of such impact is driven by consumer preferences. We found that the US, EU and Asian countries’ coffee consumption create impact on water scarcity mostly in African and South American countries, which is also representative of the economic disparities existing behind the global trade flows. Climate change will likely affect the varieties currently preferred by global consumers. Therefore, immediate environmental sustainability actions including water resource preservation are necessary to face current and future challenges.

Influences of Power Structure Evolution on Coffee Commodity Markets: Insights from Price Discovery and Volatility Spillovers

This study examines the influences of the power structure evolution along the global coffee value chain on coffee spot-futures commodity markets. Specifically, this study aims to analyze the mechanisms and extent to which the coffee spot-futures commodity markets are affected by shifts in the power structure in each phase following the collapse of the ICA from the perspective of price discovery and volatility spillovers by employing the PT–IS and bivariate EGARCH models. This research covers two actively traded coffee types, Arabica and Robusta, and utilizes daily time-series price data over 1990:01–2020:04 for Arabica and over 2008:01–2020:04 for Robusta. The empirical results indicate that coffee spot markets play a dominant role in price discovery for both Arabica and Robusta over all periods, and volatility spillovers occur from the coffee spot market to the futures markets. This study demonstrates to coffee market players that power structure evolutions across coffee’s global value chain have not significantly changed the underlying socio-spatial distribution of the coffee value chain over the post-ICA period. The results further imply that a buyer-driven governance is emerging in the coffee industry and large coffee roasters are beginning to dominate the global coffee value chain. Moreover, large coffee roasters are incentivized to diversify their marketing strategies by considering more market factors as part of their market differentiation strategies. Government interventions are necessary to establish price risk-management mechanisms to protect small-scale coffee growers.

Vapour pressure deficit determines critical thresholds for global coffee production under climate change.

Our understanding of the impact of climate change on global coffee production is largely based on studies focusing on temperature and precipitation, but other climate indicators could trigger critical threshold changes in productivity. Here, using generalized additive models and threshold regression, we investigate temperature, precipitation, soil moisture and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) effects on global Arabica coffee productivity. We show that VPD during fruit development is a key indicator of global coffee productivity, with yield declining rapidly above 0.82 kPa. The risk of exceeding this threshold rises sharply for most countries we assess, if global warming exceeds 2 °C. At 2.9 °C, countries making up 90% of global supply are more likely than not to exceed the VPD threshold. The inclusion of VPD and the identification of thresholds appear critical for understanding climate change impacts on coffee and for the design of adaptation strategies.

Research on brand loyalty of Costa coffee in Chinese marke

The purpose of this research is to explore how to improve Costa brand loyalty in Chinese market. According to the existing theories, it explained that brand loyalty is a sustainable competiveness for brand to acquired profits. And it also pointed that the advantages of brand loyalty, such as: reduce marketing costs, trade leverage, attract new consumers and respond competitive threats. It also pointed out consumers’ satisfaction, brand trust, perceive value, repeat purchase behavior, commitment and involvement all influence brand loyalty. In order to investigate which part is more important for improving brand loyalty of global coffee retail brand in Chinese market and find a way to help it success. This paper adopts secondary research to collect data and use Costa and Starbucks as case to analyze. According to Starbucks highly brand loyalty and successful experience in China, it expressed that understanding local culture and integrating it into their products and services are essential for global coffee retail brand to satisfy consumer’ need. At the end of the research, it found that global coffee brand loyalty closely related to consumers ‘satisfaction. And Costa need to provide more products choice for Chinese consumer and integrate Chinese flavor into their products will help it get highly brand loyalty then acquired more loyalty consumers.

New Orleans Coffee in The Awakening: The Legacy of Rose Nicaud

New Orleans Coffee in <i>The Awakening</i>: The Legacy of Rose Nicaud

Time Series Analysis of Monthly Coffee (Robusta) Prices in India using Box-Jenkins Approach

Robusta coffee is a type of coffee made from the Coffea canephora plant's beans (seeds). It is the world's second most popular coffee, accounting for 43% of global coffee production with arabica constituting the remainder except for the 1.5% constituted by Coffea liberica. The purpose of this study is to focus on predicting monthly coffee prices in India by using the historic time series data. The objective of this paper is to fit an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model using Box-Jenkins approach. Numerous fields, including agricultural production, animal husbandry and dairy economics, stock price prediction, etc. depend heavily on forecasting. To choose the best model, Autoregressive (AR), Moving Average (MA), and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) processes was used to select the best model for monthly coffee prices in India. This paper discusses ARIMA (p, d, q) time series analysis and its components, ACF, PACF, Normalized BIC, Box-Ljung Q Statistics, and Residual analysis. According to the best fitted model i.e., ARIMA (0,2,1) monthly coffee prices in India is expected to increase to INR 89.35 kg-1 in the month of November 2022. The outcomes are represented numerically and graphically.

Pengaruh Proses Transnasionalisasi Coffehouse Company “Starbucks Coffee” Terhadap Budaya Tradisional Minum Teh di China

The phenomenon of globalization has dominated various aspects of human life today. Globalization has changed the patterns of human interaction and activities to be faster, more modern, and more innovative. In the economic aspect, globalization has led to the process of economic transnationalism, where TNCs and MNCs have become key players in the global flow of goods and services in various sectors. These transnational corporations are able to create new, modern, and exclusive consumerist trends that attract everyone and make them want to follow them. This is what happened to the trend of coffee drinking, which has now become a global coffee culture, one of which is pioneered by Starbucks Coffee Company. The presence of Starbucks Coffee Company in various countries around the world, including China, is predicted to be a challenge to the existence of local culture, such as the traditional culture of drinking tea in China, which has been a long-standing tradition. This paper will analyze the influence of Starbucks on the traditional culture of drinking tea in China using the concept of Globalization and Three H Scenario. The results of the analysis show that Starbucks has been able to internalize the modern values of coffee drinking culture and change the perception of the Chinese people, who previously only oriented themselves towards tea, to now consume coffee, and gradually Starbucks can displace the traditional culture of drinking tea in China.

Coffee supply chain planning under climate change

ABSTRACT The growing demand but uncertain supply makes the sustainability of the coffee industry a shared concern for all participants along the coffee supply chain. This study proposed a decision-making model that comprises the cultivation management, including shade management and annual agriculture management, and the supply chain logistics. A two-stage stochastic program is presented and used within a rolling horizon scheme that periodically updates input data information to deal with uncertainty associated with future climate scenarios. The program minimizes the total expected cost of the entire supply chain of arabica coffee. The study applied the model to the real case study of arabica coffee bean supply to the U.S. market, trying to answer whether arabica coffee supply can meet the U.S. demand from 2022 to 2050 and how to best mitigate any shortage through corporate-farmer partnerships. The results show that the coffee supply will have a 3% shortage in the future; medium-level shade management and more irrigation and fertilization are possible mitigation strategies. These results demonstrate the need for all participants to adopt suitable technologies for the sustainability of global coffee supply chains together.

Partnership for Sustainable Coffee Certification: Linking Up Smallholder Farmers to Global Coffee Market

This study examines the impacts of partnerships for sustainability certifications in coffee value chains on farm income in Lampung Province, Sumatra-Indonesia. We conducted farm-household surveys, interviewing 171 samples in West Lampung and Tanggamus Districts, consisting of 98 farmers joining partnership and 73 farmers not joining. A probit model is used to determine decisions to join the partnership; ordinary least square (OLS) is used to analyze the determinants of farm income; and Heckman selection-correction model is used to reduce the selection bias in partnership participation. We find some selection in partnerships for sustainability certifications, driven by the age and education of household head, land holding size of coffee farm and the proximity to rural cooperatives-KUBE. The partnership farmers earn higher farm income than those not joining, due to a higher proportion of productive family members. After employing the treatment-effect model, we find that the partnership for sustainability certifications raises farm income, mostly due to higher coffee yield and farm-gate prices. These results reveal the need for policies to support the establishment and encouragement of partnerships for sustainability certifications. The internal control system (ICS) initiated by coffee corporations in implementing the sustainability certifications have improved the trust level between smallholders and global corporations.

Global Coffee and Cultural Change in Modern Japan

Global Coffee and Cultural Change in Modern Japan

(Digital Presentation) Synergistic Effect of Cobalt and Nitrogen on the Spent Coffee Grounds Derived Carbon As an Efficient Catalyst for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution

Due to global electricity demand and ecological issues, eco-friendly and sustainable energy resource is becoming a hot topic in energy production and future economic development. On this point, efficient catalytic materials for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are crucial in the research area. HER in alkaline medium has several advantages, including its lower vapor pressure, which helps produce pure hydrogen gas and provides better stability than acidic medium to metal contents by reducing catalyst’s corrosion. Primarily, carbon-based electrocatalytic materials such as hetero-atomic-doped carbon, transition metal-doped carbon, and co-doped carbon show off an effective HER performance. Because it has a large surface area, good chemical stability, it is inexpensive and earth-abundant.Additionally, spent coffee grounds (SCG) contain a high amount of carbohydrates, melanoidins, and lipids that are given a possibility to be suitable carbon precursors for carbon catalyst synthesis. Moreover, SCG is becoming an environmental issue that produces many tons of waste worldwide each year due to the proliferation of global coffee consumption.Here, we present cobalt nanoparticles embedded on nitrogen (N)-doped carbon catalyst, synthesized from SCG. Initially, SCG-derived nanoporous carbon was obtained by pyrolysis under high temperatures with KOH and urea. After that, carbon materials were functionalized with cobalt and nitrogen with the simple method.Cobalt-embedded N-doped carbon catalyst has a high surface area and highly distributed nano-sized pores. Polarization measurement, Tafel plot, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, chronopotentiometry, and cyclovoltammetry have tested the electrochemical performance. Even though the catalyst contained a negligible amount of cobalt (0.56 at. %), HER catalytic activity in alkaline medium has better resulted than non-functionalized carbon catalysts and was comparable to higher activity benchmark electrocatalysts such as RuO2 and 20% Pt/C. Also, experimental results demonstrate that excellent long-term stability for the alkaline hydrogen evolution. So, synergistic effects of cobalt nanoparticles content and N-doping on the SCG-derived carbon were indicated for efficient catalyst in the alkaline hydrogen evolution application.

Change in the association between coffee intake and ischemic heart disease in an international ecological study from 1990 to 2018

In previous observational studies, the association between coffee intake and risk of cardiovascular disease has reversed from positive to negative over time. This long-term international ecological study examined whether the association between coffee intake and mortality and incidence rates of ischemic heart disease (IHD) changed between 1990 and 2018 using multiple coherent data. We obtained data on coffee intake per capita, IHD mortality and incidence rates per 100,000 population, and socioeconomic and lifestyle indicators for each country from various publicly available databases. We integrated and analyzed data from 147 countries with populations of ≥ 1 million. We employed a linear mixed model analysis to assess the association between coffee intake and IHD mortality and incidence rates by year. The mean global coffee intake increased (p < 0.001), whereas IHD mortality (p < 0.001) and incidence (p = 0.073) decreased. In all models, the interaction between coffee intake and year showed a significant inverse association for IHD mortality and incidence rates (p < 0.001 for all). The country-level association between coffee intake and IHD mortality and incidence rates between 1990 and 2018 was stronger in the negative direction.

The Role of Vietnam in the Global Coffee Value Chain

Coffee is one of Vietnam's key agricultural products, with its export volume taking second place in the world. This industry creates many jobs, brings high economic value, creates stable income for employees in Viet Nam, especially develops the local economy, and contributes a significant part to the country's development. The article analyzes the role of Vietnam's coffee industry in the global coffee value chain through a variety of steps: from production, collection, and processing to domestic consumption and export; This paper also draws out the advantages and disadvantages of Vietnam's participation in the world coffee market. It has a very important meaning in affirming the position of Vietnam's coffee industry and helping the Government, businesses, and employees to take reasonable measures to improve product quality as well as the proportion of Vietnamese coffee in the world market.