Glide Type Research Articles

Comparison of the Hip Flexor Strength in Subjects with and without Femoral Anterior Glide Type according to Manual Fixation of Femoral Head during Active Straight Leg Raise

Comparison of the Hip Flexor Strength in Subjects with and without Femoral Anterior Glide Type according to Manual Fixation of Femoral Head during Active Straight Leg Raise

Effects of Femoral Head Anterior Glide Fixation during Active Straight Leg Raise on Hip Flexor Strength in Subjects with Femoral Anterior Glide Type

Effects of Femoral Head Anterior Glide Fixation during Active Straight Leg Raise on Hip Flexor Strength in Subjects with Femoral Anterior Glide Type

Epenthetic glides in Taqbaylit

This paper aims to offer an extra-phonological analysis for a purely phoneticphonological phenomenon: epenthetic glides in Taqbaylit. In this language, both epenthetic glides [j] and [w] may appear in specific contexts and are usually considered a hiatus-repairing strategy. We will discuss the different contexts where all types of glides appear and focus on the glides that are not lexically motivated. More precisely, we will discuss the epenthetic glides that surface at the junction between a noun/verb and their clitics. We aim at explaining and formalizing the distribution of epenthetic glides, whose motivation goes beyond phonology.KEY WORDS: Taqbaylit, epenthesis, glide, boundary, morpheme

Vowels, glides, off-glides and on-glides in English: A Loose CV analysis

Glides are segments which only contain the element I or U, not occupying the central position of a nucleus. In English, glides cannot occur word-finally or preceding a consonant. In addition, I have established that they are prohibited between a stressed and an unstressed vowel if the stressed vowel is short. The latter restriction can be explained as part of the former if such intervocalic consonants are analysed as virtual geminates, for which I argue on the basis of the distribution of short and long vowels. I also examine off-glides, derived glides and on-glides in English, and analyse them in a CV approach. I show that off-glides of closing diphthongs cannot just be associated to a C or a V position, instead they occupy both. Glides derived from high vowels preceding an unstressed vowel, as in obvious [ˈɒbv{i/j}əs], result from spreading and not movement to the following empty C position inside the hiatus. Finally, I analyse the sequence [ju:] as a light diphthong overlapping a long vowel, to account for the distribution of the on-glide. The different types of glides thus can be distinguished by differences in association between melody and skeleton. No differences in segmental representation need to be posited.

Phonological Patterning of Prevocalic Glides in Squliq Atayal

There is ambiguity regarding how a consonant-glide (CG) sequence should be pronounced in the Romanized orthography of Squliq Atayal. In this paper the phonological behavior of these prevocalic glides in Squliq Atayal is examined in order to determine the nature of the glides. The commonly seen CG spelling in Squliq orthography corresponds to three distinct surface pronunciations: (1) tautosyllabic, (2) heterosyllabic with an intervening weak vowel, and (3) heterosyllabic yet segmentally adjacent. In previous literature only the first two pronunciations have been identified, but it is the contrasting syllabification patterns between (1) and (3) that support the classification of these surface glides into two categories: phonemic versus vocalically derived glides. An examination of morphologically related forms containing glides shows that the perplexing distribution of Squliq Atayal glides results from the coexistence of glide formation, vowel syncope, and resyllabification in the same system, which causes the distribution of phonemic glides and vocalic glides to overlap. The analysis suggests that the two types of glides in Squliq are different in phonological features, although they appear phonetically similar.

Host cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites: the junction conundrum.

Host cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites: the junction conundrum.

포환던지기 투사속도에 기여하는 투사유형에 따른 운동학적 비교분석

In this study, high-rank prize winners in men`s shot-putting game in IAAF World Championships Daegu 2011 were analyzed in real game situations according to projection type. Lead time in delivery zone is found that time related to rotational type movement is fast. Angle speed of upper joints (pelvis and shoulder) which is rotation component power at the time of release was relatively high in Rotational type. In projection speed at the time of release, Glide type showed relatively high speed. In projection height at the time of release, Glide type sowed relatively higher such by 0.15 m. In Projection angle, there was little difference according to projection type. As Korean players showed generally low angle, they should improve their muscle power in trunk, throwing arm and lower limbs.

Design of Optimal Attack-Angle for RLV Reentry Based on Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization

The attack-angle optimization is a key problem for reentry trajectory design of a gliding type reusable launch vehicle (RLV). In order to solve such a problem, the equations of motion are derived first. A physical programming (PP) method is briefly presented and the preference function is reflected in mathematical representation. The attack-angle optimization problem with four criteria (i.e., downrange, total heat, heat rate, and trajectory oscillation) is converted into a single-objective optimization problem based on the PP method. A winged gliding reentry RLV is chosen as a simulation example and the transformed single-objective problem is solved by the quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm based on two types of preference structures, longer range preference and smaller total heat preference. The constraints of maximizing heating rate, normal load factor, and dynamic pressure and minimizing terminal velocity are handled by a penalty function method. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of these methods. The physical causation of the optimal solution and the typical profiles are presented, which reflect the designer's preference. At last, the feasibility and advantages of QPSO are revealed by comparison with the results of genetic algorithm (GA) and standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm on this optimization problem.

남자 포환던지기 시 성공과 실패에 따른 운동학적 차이 - 국가대표 황인성 선수를 중심으로 -

The purpose of this study was to identify biomechanical characteristics of glide and delivery motion of In-Sung Hwang, player who is a member of the national team among the finalists in the men's shot put at the 2010 National Sports Festivals. Three-Dimensional motion analysis using a system of 3 video cameras at a sampling frequency of 60 Hz was performed for this study. During the glide and delivery phase the results showed following characteristics; 1) The glide type was suitable for the short-long technique, but the trajectory of shot at the glide and delivery phase showed a different trajectory pattern with "S-shaped" type of elite players due to many deviating from central axis of the APSS(athletic-plus shot system). 2) Left knee was more flexed during failed trials compared to successful trials but COG was higher. Therefore, the player showed less stability of COG as he may not get enough breaking force at the left foot. 3) Furthermore, it would be required to have strong muscle power at the trunk, throwing arm, and the lower extremity in order to achieve maintain a low projection angle of the release.

Phonemic vs. derived glides

Previous accounts of glides have argued that all glides are derived from vowels. In this paper, we examine data from Karuk, Sundanese, and Pulaar which reveal the existence of two types of phonologically distinct glides both cross-linguistically and within a single language. “Phonemic” glides are distinct from underlying vowels and pattern with other sonorant consonants, while “derived” glides are non-syllabic, positional variants of underlying vowels and exhibit vowel-like behavior. It is argued that the phonological difference between these two types of glides lies in their different underlying featural representations. Derived glides are positional variants of vowels and therefore featurally identical. In contrast, phonemic glides are featurally distinct from underlying vowels and therefore pattern differently. Though a phonological distinction between these two types of glides is evident in these three languages, a reliable phonetic distinction does not appear to exist.

Breve estudo da estrutura silábica do português arcaico: a posição do glide

The aim of this study of Medieval Portuguese vowel sequences isthe study of vowel sequences in the Cancioneiros and otherMedieval Portuguese documents. The phonological status of thesevowels is defined as hiatus or diphthongs. All data have beensubmitted to auto-segmental and metrical analyses, with particularreference to the general phonological structure of MedievalPortuguese, according to the litterature.In the metrical approach, only the vocalic element can occupy theNucleus position.In falling diphthongs, all types of glides are analysed as Codaelements. Finally, it is necessary to note that MP has a significativeamount of ambissyllabic sequences of vowels.

Comparison of frequency-modulated glides with virtual frequency glides in direction identification

Four listeners were asked to identify the direction of frequency change, up versus down, for frequency-modulated (FM) and virtual-frequency (VF) glides. VF glides are generated by co-modulating a pair of fixed-frequency tones so that the spectral center-of-gravity moves. Performance in direction identification (D-ID) decreased as glide duration decreased for both types of glides. Further, performance was better when the glide increased in frequency than when it decreased. Finally, the VF D-ID task was more difficult than the FM task, but the patterns of performance were similar. These results suggest similar processing mechanisms for the two types of glides.

Effect of microstructural parameters and Al alloying on creep behavior, threshold stress and activation volumes of molybdenum disilicides

Creep behavior of several molybdenum disilicides, with varying grain sizes, silica content, SiC reinforcement, or Al additions has been studied at 1200 °C, and compared with the deformation behavior at constant strain rates. The effect of grain size on creep rate supercedes all other factors. A high silica content is less deleterious at coarser grain sizes in the dislocation creep range. In addition, 20 vol% SiC reinforcement of MoSi 2 can enhance creep strength, if grain size remains coarse. Furthermore, Al addition has been found to be beneficial up to a critical concentration, which helps in the removal of silica at grain boundaries, while retaining the tetragonal structure of MoSi 2. A threshold stress for creep can arise due to the build up of internal stresses at second phase particles or dislocation networks. These stresses inhibit further movement of dislocations. The activation volume was found to vary between 27 b 3 and 2 b 3 with applied stress, where b is the Burgers vector. This implies that the rate controlling creep mechanism can be overcoming glide type of barrier (say, Peierls stress) at low stresses, and dislocation climb at higher stresses.

The Connection between Recovery and Glide Type in Aluminum and Al-Mg

The large size of Mg, and presumably also Li, substitutional atoms in aluminum leads to an abnormally high equilibrium vacancy concentration and results in planar glide in spite of high stacking fault energies and thus ease of cross slip. By contrast, apparently all other fcc planar glide alloys are associated with low stacking fault energies and correspondingly suppressed cross slip. As previously suggested, the reason for this peculiar behavior of Al-Mg (and by implication Al-Li) alloys is a concomitant reduction of `mushrooming . This is the interaction of glide dislocations with the supersaturated lattice vacancies that in wavy glide are generated in the course of plastic deformation. In the process of mushrooming the dislocations 'tangle' into three-dimensional arrangements, involving different Burgers vectors, namely through a mixture of glide, climb and nucleation of vacancy loops. Distinctly extended glide dislocations, inhibit both the formation of supersaturated vacancies and dislocation climb, and thus `mushrooming . In that case, therefore, dislocations are rather closely confined to their crystallographic slip planes, and 'planar glide' with underlying Taylor lattices results. In wavy glide materials, by contrast, glide generates in the order of a 10 - atomistic vacancy concentration per unit strain that causes the dislocations at the end of their paths to tangle and in the process also nucleate loops with all possible Burgers vectors. Besides 3-D dislocation mobility, the latter are needed for cell formation in stage III. In Al-Mg (and presumably Al-Li) alloys, easy cross slip conveys the requisite 3-D mobility, but the high equilibrium vacancy concentrations inhibit loop nucleation and thus the availability or the requisite extra Burgers. In this paper the recovery expected from these two types of dislocation structures, i.e. mosaic block structures and Taylor lattices, is theoretically investigated and shown to be associated with different recovery behaviors that conform to observation in pure aluminum and Al-Mg alloys, respectively.

Inclination of the occlusal plane and occlusal guidance as contributing factors in mastication

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to compare the inclination of the occlusal plane with occlusal guidance as a contributing factor to masticatory movement. Methods: Masticatory movements of 41 young adults were measured using a 3-D mandibular movement analysing system. The inclination of the occlusal plane was measured in the sagittal plane using a 3-D digitizer. The contribution of the occlusal guidance and the inclination of the occlusal plane to the direction of the masticatory path of closure was evaluated at various closing levels. Results: The masticatory path of closure outside the intercuspal range was influenced mainly by the inclination of the occlusal plane, and the masticatory path of closure near the intercuspal range was only influenced by occlusal guidance. The so-called gliding type masticatory pattern was observed predominantly in subjects with a posteriorly inclined occlusal plane. In contrast, a chopping type masticatory pattern was observed predominantly in subjects with an anteriorly inclined occlusal plane. Conclusions: The contribution of the inclination of the occlusal plane to masticatory movement was greater than that of occlusal guidance throughout the closing phase except near the intercuspal range.

In-Situ Observations of the Effect of Electron Irradiation on the Defect Microstructure of Alumina

Abstract The interaction of radiation produced point defects with a dislocation microstructure at high temperature is of considerable interest and careful high voltage microscopy experiments can provide valuable insight into the mechanisms. Veyssière and Westmacott carried out in-situ experiments monitoring the partial dislocation climbs in Ni3Al induced by thermal vacancies as well as by Frenkel pairs produced during irradiation.1 We report here the results of some preliminary experiments we performed on alumina (A12O3) single crystals with high dislocation densities to study the modification of the microstructure by electron irradiation at high temperature. The dislocation microstructures were produced by shock wave deformation using a high-velocity impact technique. The technique is capable of producing a very high density of defects consisting primarily of basal twins, and slips on the basal, pyramidal and rhombohedral planes in alumina. The dislocations are all of glide type, mostly forming shear bands. A typical microstructure prior to irradiation is shown in figure la.

Direct determination of interface structure and bonding with the scanning transmission electron microscope

The scanning transmission electron microscope is capable of forming an electron probe of atomic dimensions, allowing incoherent imaging and microanalysis to be achieved at atomic resolution. Images formed using elastically scattered electrons show strong atomic number ( Z ) contrast and reveal atomic column locations without the need for preconceived structure models. Column positions and scattering power can be directly retrieved by a maximum entropy analysis. The Z -contrast image also allows the probe to be positioned with atomic precision over selected atomic columns or planes, making possible atomic-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. Interfacial structure and bonding can both be determined directly from experimental data, often leading to unexpected insights. In SrTiO 3 , grain boundary structural units were identified, and found to be reconstructed, an efficient way to overcome the problem of like-ion repulsion in ionic materials. At a CdTe-GaAs [001] interface, 60° dislocations were directly identified to be of glide type, while in the case of Lomer dislocations, an unexpected core structure was found comprising a fourfold ring structure. With these techniques, dislocation core structure and impurity segregation may be studied experimentally at the atomic scale.

Direct Observation of Dislocation Core Structures in CdTe/GaAs(001)

A strategy is presented for determining sublattice polarity at defects in compound semiconductors. Core structures of 60-degree and Lomer dislocations in the CdTe/GaAs(001) system have been obtained by the application of maximum-entropy analysis to Z-contrast images (Z is atomic number) obtained in a 300-kilovolt scanning transmission electron microscope. Sixty-degree dislocations were observed to be of the glide type, whereas in the case of Lomer dislocations, both a symmetric (Hornstra-like) core and an unexpected asymmetric structure made up of a fourfold ring were seen.

Determination of Interface Structure and Bonding by Z-Contrast STEM

The scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) provides a route for the determination of interface structure and bonding directly from experimental data. Through an annular detector, Z-contrast images reveal atomic column locations without prior knowledge. The incoherent nature of such images allows a direct structure inversion through a maximum entropy analysis. The Z-contrast image also facilitates atomic-resolution spectroscopy by allowing the probe to be positioned with atomic precision. With this combination of atomic-resolution imaging and spectroscopy, structural units for [001] tilt grain boundaries in SrTiO{sub 3} were identified. All units revealed the presence of half-filled columns, an efficient way to overcome the problem of like-ion repulsion in ionic materials. With the 1.3 {angstrom} probe of the 300-kV STEM, an unexpected core structure has been found for Lomer dislocations at a CdTe/ GaAs [001] interface, while 60{degrees} dislocations were directly identified to be of glide type.

"Streptococcus milleri" Strains Displaying a Gliding Type of Motility

Isolates belonging to the "Streptococcus milleri" species group that appear to exhibit a gliding type of motility, which is expressed as spreading growth on certain types of agar media, are described. These strains resembled a biotype of "S. milleri" that is usually isolated from genitourinary sources and is notable for its ability to ferment a wide array of carbohydrates. This biotype, which is currently included in the species Streptococcus anginosus, has been implicated in cases of neonatal infection. The "S. milleri" isolates which we studied lacked any observable organelles of motility and gave negative results when they were tested in conventional motility test medium stab cultures. Colonies growing on certain agar media, however, spread over the surfaces of plates and increased in area with increasing time of incubation. Chocolate agar supported maximum spreading, while this characteristic was barely discernible on blood agar. Electron microscopy studies revealed that there was more production of extracellular glycocalyx by motile strains than by a nonmotile isolate having a similar biotype. The results of an analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that the motile strains are closely related to S. anginosus and represent a distinct rRNA population within the "S. milleri" species complex.