Glass Frame Research Articles

Vibrotactile stimulation of the head enables faster gaze gestures

Gaze gestures are a promising input technology for wearable devices especially in the smart glasses form factor because gaze gesturing is unobtrusive and leaves the hands free for other tasks. We were interested in how gaze gestures can be enhanced with vibrotactile feedback. We studied the effects of haptic feedback on the head and haptic prompting on the speed of completing gaze gestures. The vibrotactile stimulation was given to the skin of the head through actuators in a sun glass frame. The haptic feedback enabled about 10% faster gaze gestures with more consistent completion times. Longer duration of haptic prompts tended to result in longer duration of gestures. However, the magnitude of the increase was marginal. Our results can inform the design of efficient gaze gesture user interfaces and recognition algorithms. HighlightsThe gaze gestures are completed faster when theźhaptic feedback is given.Haptic feedback reduces the variation in gaze gesture completion times.The duration of the haptic prompt affects the duration of the following gaze gesture.

Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Nasal Defect: A Case Report

Facial defects not only impact on the function and quality of life but also affect the psychological well-being and social behavior of patients. A nasal prosthesis can re-establish the esthetics and anatomical contour in patients with mid-facial defects, often more effectively than surgical reconstruction. For successful results, many factors such as retention, texture, color match and blending of tissue with the prosthesis must be taken into account. The aim of this clinical report was to describe a modified technique for rehabilitation of a nasal defect with suitable adaptation. This provisional prosthesis was made to restore the esthetic appearance of the patient with a mechanically retained design using a spectacle glass frame without inserting craniofacial implants.

Autonomous External Glass Cleaning Robot

This paper deals with an autonomous external glass cleaning robot that can perform the operation by ensuring proper adhesion to the glass as well as movement along the entire window without colliding with the window pane or any other obstacle. The concept used in this work to actuate the robot is pneumatics wherein a pneumatic cylinder is coupled with a linear channel made up of stainless steel. It has a guide and a block which are connected through a chain and sprocket. The block can move along the guide. The piston of the cylinder is coupled with the block while the cylinder barrel is coupled with the guide. Adhesion of the robot to the glass is ensured using the vacuum technology. Four suction cups are used to make the robot adhered to the glass. Two channels are placed at right angle with each other, one for horizontal motion and one for vertical motion. Stepwise movement of the robot is achieved by individual control of suction cups. This is done using the software Arduino and Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller. Ultrasonic sensors are used to measure the dimension of the window pane as well as detect the obstacle/edge of the window. The cylinders and vacuum generators are actuated using solenoid DCV’s. As the robot moves, a rotating disk located at the bottom of the robot has a cleaning brush/sponge attached to it which cleans the glass as the robot and hence the entire glass surface is covered and cleaning operation is performed autonomously. The advantage of this robot is its simple design and its feasibility. The fact that we are able to successfully move the robot on a vertical glass frame without damaging it allows us to use it for several other applications too such as inspection.

Shape memory alloys: a state of art review

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are the special materials that have the ability to return to a predetermined shape when heated. When this alloy is in below transformation temperature it undergoes low yield strength and will deform easily into any new shape which it will retain, if this alloy is heated above its transformation temperature it changes its crystal lattice structure which returns to its real shape. SMAs are remarkably different from other materials are primarily due to shape memory effect (SME) and pseudoelasticity which are related with the specific way the phase transformation occurs, biocompatibility, high specific strength, high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance and high anti-fatigue property. SMA are used in many applications such as aerospace, medical, automobile, tubes, controllers for hot water valves in showers, petroleum industry, vibration dampers, ball bearings, sensors, actuators, miniature grippers, micro valves, pumps, landing gears, eye glass frames, Material for helicopter blades, sprinklers in fine alarm systems packaging devices for electronic materials, dental materials, etc. This paper focuses on introducing shape memory alloy and their applications in past, present and in future, also revealed the concept and mechanism of shape memory materials for a particular requirement. Properties of SMAs, behaviour and characteristics of SMA, summary of recent advances and new application opportunities are also discussed.

Twinning-Induced Elasticity in NiTi Shape Memory Alloys

Pseudoelasticity (PE) in shape memory alloys relies on the formation of stress-induced martensite during loading and on the reverse transformation during unloading. PE yields reversible strains of up to 8 % and is applied in applications such as medical implants, flexible eye glass frames, damping elements, and others. Unfortunately, PE shows a strong temperature dependence and thus can only be exploited within a relatively narrow temperature window. The present work focuses on a related process, which we refer to as twinning-induced elasticity (TIE). It involves the growth and shrinkage of martensite variants which are stabilized by dislocations, which are introduced by appropriate cold work. TIE yields reversible strains of the order of 3 %. The TIE effect does not suffer from the strong temperature dependence of PE. The weak temperature dependence of mechanical TIE properties makes TIE attractive for applications where temperature fluctuations are large. In the present work, we study the TIE effect focusing on Ni50Ti50 shape memory alloy wires. The degree of plastic pre-deformation of the initial material represents a key parameter of the ingot metallurgy processing route. It governs the exploitable recoverable strain, the apparent Young’s modulus, and the widths of the mechanical hysteresis. Dynamic mechanical analysis is used to study the effects of pre-deformation on elementary microstructural processes which govern TIE.

보강두께 및 방법에 따른 실리콘 폴리머 구조용 실링재의 부착성능 평가

This paper describes the adhesion performance of silicone polymer structural sealant in aluminum curtain wall system. There is marked contrast between standard details and actual details of structural sealant in south Korea. Therefore, this paper explores the capacity of actual detail and repaired system. Test variables included the construction of norton tape and boundary sealant, repaired method and thickness of sealant. The one-way laminated glass panels were supported on two sides and subjected lateral load for condition of wind load applied. The test results indicated that norton tape affects the stiffness and strength of connection between glass and aluminum frame. On the other hand, the boundary sealant affects the ductility of that. There is are no significant effects of sealant thickness and repaired method on strength of connection, and observed the difference between measured capacity of specimens and design capacity of those. Therefore, the proposed reduction ratio based on measured results to reflect the actual construction details.

3軸力センサを配置した眼鏡装着型血圧脈波計測デバイス

In this study, we report on a glasses-mounted blood pressure pulse wave measurement device based on the arterial tonometry method. The glasses-mounted device consists of a fixing part to the glasses frame, an adjusting pressing force part, and an arranging sensor part to put triaxial force sensors for measuring pulse wave and body motion. We measured blood pressure pulse waves during speaking and calculated the standard deviation of the maximum and amplitude of the pulse wave. The standard deviation of the maximum decreased from 8.89 mmHg to 4.72 mmHg and that of the amplitude decreased from 6.38 mmHg to 4.25 mmHg. Since our device could reduce the influence of the body motion, standard deviation of the maximum and amplitude were decreased.

자동포롭터 내부렌즈의 합성굴절력에 대한 신뢰도 평가

목적: 자동포롭터의 표기 도수와 구면굴절력 및 원주굴절력 실측값을 비교하여 굴절력의 신뢰도를 평가하였다. 방법: 자동포롭터의 마이너스 구면렌즈 및 원주렌즈의 굴절력을 수동렌즈미터로 측정하여 표기도수와의 정확도를 비교하였으며 두 렌즈가 중첩되었을 때의 합성굴절력과 등가구면굴절력을 시험렌즈와 비교 평가하였다. 결과: 포롭터에 내장되어 있는 구면렌즈의 구면굴절력은 70.6%가 표기도수와 0.125 D 이상의 오차가 발생하였으며, 굴절력이 높아질수록 오차값도 증가하였다. 원주렌즈의 단일 원주굴절력은 표기도수와 거의 일치하였다. 포롭터에서 구면렌즈와 원주렌즈가 중첩되었을 때의 합성 구면굴절력은 단일렌즈 구면굴절력과 동일하여 중첩에 의한 구면굴절력의 변화가 없음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 구면렌즈와 원주렌즈가 중첩되었을 때의 원주굴절력은 표기도수와 큰 차이가 있어 중첩에 의해 영향을 받는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 포롭터를 이용하여 실측된 등가구면굴절력은 표기도수 및 시험테를 이용한 등가구면굴절력에 비해 낮았으며 고도수일수록 더 낮았다. 결론: 고도의 근시안 또는 근시성 난시 안에서 자동포롭터를 사용하여 시력검사를 하는 경우 표기도수와 차이가 발생하며 과교정이 될 것으로 보여 이에대한 개선이 필요할 것으로 보인다. Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of refractive power by comparing the marked refractive power in an automatic phoropter and actually measured spherical/cylindrical refractive power. Methods: Actual refractive power of minus spherical lens and cylindrical lens in an automatic phoropter was measured by a manual lensmeter and compared with the accuracy of marked refractive power. Furthermore, combined refractive power and spherical equivalent refractive power of two overlapped lenses were compared and evaluated with the refractive power of trial lens. Results: An error of 0.125 D and more against the marked degree was observed in 70.6% of spherical refractive power of spherical lens which is built in phoropter, and the higher error was shown with increasing refractive power. Single cylindrical refractive power of cylindrical lens is almost equivalent to the marked degree. Combined spherical refractive power was equivalent to spherical refractive power of single lens when spherical lens and cylindrical lens were overlapped in a phoropter. Thus, there was no change in spherical refractive power by lens overlapping. However, there was a great difference, which suggest the effect induced by overlapping between cylindrical refractive power and the marked degree when spherical lens and cylindrical lens were overlapped. Spherical equivalent refractive power measured by using a phoropter was lower than that estimated by trial glasses frame and marked degree. The difference was bigger with higher refractive power. Conclusions: When assessment of visual acuity is made by using an automatic phoropter for high myopes or myopic astigmatism, some difference against the marked degree may be produced and they may be overcorrected which suggests that improvement is required.

A Study on Detecting Glasses in Facial Image

In this paper, we propose a method of glasses detection in facial image. we develop a detection method of glasses with a weighted sum of the results that detected by facial element detection and glasses frame candidate region. Component of the face detection method detects the glasses, by defining the detection probability of the glasses according to the detection of a face component. Method using the candidate region of the glasses frame detects the glasses, by defining feature of the glasses frame in the candidate region. finally, The results of the combined weight of both methods are obtained. The proposed method in this paper is expected to increase security system's recognition on facial accessories by raising detection performance of glasses or sunglasses for using ATM.

De Nederlands-Italiaanse knipkunstenaar Joannes van Achelom omstreeks 1700

The authors venture to draw the attention of art historians to the art and craft of paper cutting. In this article they make it plausible that some miniature paper cut outs are made by a catholic man, Joannes van Achelom, from Amsterdam. The paper cuts are mounted as pendants, between glass and precios metal frames, and are dated around 1700; one points to grandduke Cosimo III. Indeed, at about 36 years of age, Joannes had been invited in 1668 to join prince Cosimo de'Medici, then visiting Amsterdam, and work at the Florentine court as an artist. He became a valet of the grandduke, and descriptions of ten of his paper cuts were identified in the art inventories of the court. Unfortunately, the real pieces of this scissor artist have not (yet) been traced. Van Achelom facilitated shelter and financial support in Florence for Dutch priests and students, on their way to or from Rome. One of them, his nephew Allardus Titsingh, priest in The Hague, inherited from his uncle Joannes a large collection of drawings from known Italian artists. This collection also contained eight paper cuts of exceptional quality, as witnessed by the German art connoisseur Zacharias von Uffenbach, who visited the priest in 1711. The whole collection was auctioned after the death of Allardus in 1713, without leaving a trace.

Third-order optical nonlinearity at communication wavelength and spectral characteristics of Ge-Se based chalcogenide glasses

A series of Ge-Se chalcogenide glasses incorporated with same molar percentage of Ga, Sn, Sb and Te are synthesized by melt-quenching method. The variations of optical band gaps doped with different elements are investigated by absorption spectra, and the relationship of optical band gap with glass network structure is studied by Raman spectra The results show that the doping of heavy metallic elements (except Ga) could reduce the optical band gap of the Ge-Se glass due to the decrease of the number of Se-Se chains or ring bonds. Third-order optical nonlinearities of the glasses are studied by femtosecond Z-scan method at a telecom wavelength of 1550nm. The results show that the performance of third-order optical nonlinearity of the Ge-Se glass could be improved by doping the above-mentioned elements. By comparison, the Sn-doped Ge-Se glass has a maximum nonlinear refraction index (n2) of 6.36× 10-17 m2/W and a figure of merit of over 23. By combining the experimental results from Raman spectra, the enhancement of third-order optical nonlinearity after the introduction of Sn can be ascribed to the formation of Sn(Se1/2)4 tetrahedra that enters into the main frame of Ge-Se glass and results in a stable Ge-Sn-Se network. Te doping could also remarkably enhance the n2 value of the Ge-Se glass, however, it could cause large two-photon absorption, leading to a poor value of figure of merit. The research result shows that chalcogenide glass in Ge-Sn-Se ternary system is an ideal candidate material for designing and fabricating infrared devices with high performance and environmental friendness.

実験と解析による逆曲げロール位置の導出（眼鏡フレーム用チタン合金線材の高精度ロール曲げ）

実験と解析による逆曲げロール位置の導出（眼鏡フレーム用チタン合金線材の高精度ロール曲げ）

Study on Door & Window Energy-Saving Technology at Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Zone

By combining the climate conditions of hot-summer and cold-winter zone, this paper has analyzed the characteristics for energy saving of windows and doors, and the approaches for energy-saving design are proposed in accordance with the functions of thermal insulation in summer, heat preservation in winter and lighting. Through the material of glass and window frame, it can provide reference to material selection for doors and windows, and various door & window energy-saving technologies are proposed, such as the structure and measures which can improve the thermal performance of window and the reasonable area ratio of window to wall.

Efficient and Robust Pupil Size and Blink Estimation From Near-Field Video Sequences for Human–Machine Interaction

Monitoring pupil and blink dynamics has applications in cognitive load measurement during human-machine interaction. However, accurate, efficient, and robust pupil size and blink estimation pose significant challenges to the efficacy of real-time applications due to the variability of eye images, hence to date, require manual intervention for fine tuning of parameters. In this paper, a novel self-tuning threshold method, which is applicable to any infrared-illuminated eye images without a tuning parameter, is proposed for segmenting the pupil from the background images recorded by a low cost webcam placed near the eye. A convex hull and a dual-ellipse fitting method are also proposed to select pupil boundary points and to detect the eyelid occlusion state. Experimental results on a realistic video dataset show that the measurement accuracy using the proposed methods is higher than that of widely used manually tuned parameter methods or fixed parameter methods. Importantly, it demonstrates convenience and robustness for an accurate and fast estimate of eye activity in the presence of variations due to different users, task types, load, and environments. Cognitive load measurement in human-machine interaction can benefit from this computationally efficient implementation without requiring a threshold calibration beforehand. Thus, one can envisage a mini IR camera embedded in a lightweight glasses frame, like Google Glass, for convenient applications of real-time adaptive aiding and task management in the future.

Windows in Buildings - Diagnostics of Selected Properties after Time of Using

In construction projects in a field of residential buildings installation and replacement of fillings of openings (windows) play a very important role. A number of requirements is put on newly built windows, in particular in the field of thermal insulation and airtightness. Will the window elements stand the test even after years of use The aim of this paper is to compare the declared parameter of heat transfer parameter of glazing Ug [W.m-2.K-1] of insulating glasses found from the print on a between the glass frame with the value which can be determined by measuring directly on the building after a certain period of use.

Deriving Position of Bending Roll in Roll Bending of Titanium Alloy Wire for Glasses Frame

Titanium alloy is used for a wire for glasses frame due to having high corrosion resistance and human body compatibility. The wire is formed into a three-dimensional design shape by an NC exclusive bending machine. In present, craftsmen adjust the bending roll position by trial and error at every design change. The purpose of this study is suggesting a feedback control method to revise a formed shape into a design shape with a smaller number of trials. It is desirable to introduce a feedforward compensator into a feedback control loop to reduce the trial number. About one of the two-dimensional curves to constitute the three-dimensional curve of the glasses frame, this paper proposes a derivation method of a bending roll position that getting first formed shape near the design shape. This method is based on geometric relations in a steady bending, and equivalent to a feedforward compensator in the control loop. Design shapes are real glasses and squares that have fileted corners, the curvature becomes more than 300 m-1. It is particularly paid attention to the availability of “indentation” as the governing quantity of moment, every moment arm at no load. By the absolute total of the curvature deviation, it is confirmed that the shape formed by the suggested method is closer than that by a conventional method.

Draw Bending Method of Seizure for Pure Titanium Sheet

In order to evaluate the seizure of pressing process, we adopted a draw bending method to use pure titanium sheets of 1.0mm in thickness (JIS TP340, ASTM Grade2). The draw bending method was simulated under the conditions of die wall for pressing the glasses frame. The titanium sheet was dragged into the clearance between upper punch and die by the fall motion of the upper punch. The seizure occurred at the shoulder part and side wall part of die. The working conditions changed within the bending radius of die, the lubricating condition and punch speed. The surface roughness of titanium sheets and die surface were measured by the surface measuring instrument using PGI (Phase Grating Interferometry) system (Taylor Hobson Form Talysurf 1200). The surface roughness and the punch load increased intensely within a 10mm of sliding distance under the non-lubricant condition, and increased gradually within a range of 10 to 50mm in every die radius. The load of draw bending process was related to the variation of surface roughness. The seizure of the pressing process, occurring between the surfaces of specimen and die, was estimated by measuring the arithmetic mean roughness.

レーザ微細溶接によるチタン製眼鏡フレームへの応用

レーザ微細溶接によるチタン製眼鏡フレームへの応用

Soap Films as 1D waveguides

AbstractLaser light is injected in a free standing horizontal draining soap film through the glass frame sustaining the film. Two propagation regimes are clearly identified depending on the film thickness. At the beginning of the drainage, the soap film behaves as a multimode-one dimensional optofiuidic waveguide. In particular, we observe that the injected light creates a bottleneck in the film and part of the injected light is refracted leading to whiskers. At the end of the drainage where the film thickness is below 1μm, there is a strong selection among the various possible optical modes in the film, and part of the light is defiected. This leads to a self selection of the mode propagation inside the film.

Deriving position of bending roll by experiment and analysis (High precision roll bending of titanium alloy wire for glasses frame)

Deriving position of bending roll by experiment and analysis (High precision roll bending of titanium alloy wire for glasses frame)