Glass Solution Research Articles

Eudragit® RL as a stabilizer for supersaturation and a substrate for nanocrystal formation

In order to optimize supersaturation levels and avoid early drug precipitation, Eudragit® RL was tested as a carrier in solid dispersions, either alone or in combination with a hydrophilic polymer (PVP K25). In vitro dissolution performance of the spray dried solid dispersions was tested. The phase behavior of the produced solid dispersions was analyzed as well as dissolution precipitates. In case of weak acid model compounds (indomethacin and naproxen), the incorporation of Eudragit® RL resulted in a prolongation of supersaturation. A combination of PVP and Eudragit® RL led to high and stable drug concentrations. Eudragit® RL was only suited as a carrier in combination with higher drug loadings. Phase behavior analysis of the produced solid dispersions showed that Eudragit® RL could form glass solutions, and precipitate analysis showed that these drug-polymer combinations remained amorphous after in vitro dissolution for 24h. Surprisingly, indomethacin and naproxen also formed nanocrystals in presence of Eudragit® RL. These nanocrystals were formed by a dynamic interplay of dissolution, sorption and desorption. A charge interaction between anionic drugs and a cationic polymer provided a high driving force for sorption, which was necessary for nanocrystal formation and supersaturation stabilization.

Full replica symmetry breaking in p-spin-glass-like systems

It is shown that continuously changing the effective number of interacting particles in p-spin-glass-like model allows to describe the transition from the full replica symmetry breaking glass solution to stable first replica symmetry breaking glass solution in the case of non-reflective symmetry diagonal operators used instead of Ising spins. As an example, axial quadrupole moments in place of Ising spins are considered and the boundary value $p_{c_{1}}\cong 2.5$ is found.

Development of enteric-coated fixed dose combinations of amorphous solid dispersions of ezetimibe and lovastatin: Investigation of formulation and process parameters

Enteric-coated fixed-dose combinations of ezetimibe and lovastatin were prepared by fluid bed coating aiming to avoid the acidic conversion of lovastatin to its hydroxyacid derivative. In a two-step process, sucrose beads were layered with a glass solution of ezetimibe, lovastatin and Soluplus®, top-coated with an enteric layer. The impact of different bead size, enteric polymers (Eudragit L100® and Eudragit L100-55®) and coating time was investigated. Samples were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, laser diffraction and in vitro studies in 0.1M HCl and phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Results showed that smaller beads tend to agglomerate and release was jeopardized in acidic conditions, most likely due to irregular coating layer. Eudragit L100-55® required longer processing, but thinner coating layers provided lower drug release. Both polymers showed low drug release in acidic environment and fast release at pH 6.8. The off-line measurement of the coating thickness determined the ideal coating time as 15 and 30min for Eudragit L100-55® and Eudragit L100®-based samples, respectively. Both compounds were molecularly dispersed in Soluplus®, and Eudragit L100® formulations showed concave pores on the surface, presenting higher drug release in acidic conditions. Stability studies after 6 months showed unaltered physical properties and drug release.

Amorphization within the tablet: Using microwave irradiation to form a glass solution in situ

In situ amorphization is a concept that allows to amorphize a given drug in its final dosage form right before administration. Hence, this approach can potentially be used to circumvent recrystallization issues that other amorphous formulation approaches are facing during storage. In this study, the feasibility of microwave irradiation to prepare amorphous solid dispersions (glass solutions) in situ was investigated. Indomethacin (IND) and polyvinylpyrrolidone K12 (PVP) were tableted at a 1:2 (w/w) ratio. In order to study the influence of moisture content and energy input on the degree of amorphization, tablet formulations were stored at different relative humidity (32, 43 and 54% RH) and subsequently microwaved using nine different power-time combinations up to a maximum energy input of 90kJ. XRPD results showed that up to 80% (w/w) of IND could be amorphized within the tablet. mDSC measurements revealed that with increasing microwaving power and time, the fractions of crystalline IND and amorphous PVP reduced, whereas the amount of in situ formed IND-PVP glass solution increased. Intrinsic dissolution showed that the dissolution rate of the microwaved solid dispersion was similar to that of a quench cooled, fully amorphous glass solution even though the microwaved samples contained residual crystalline IND.

Addressing Next Generation Packaging and IoT with Glass Solutions

New requirements are emerging in electronics packaging. The ever-growing need for solutions for mobile communications and sensors that address the Internet of Things (IoT) provide interesting new challenges. RF applications strive to move to higher frequency bands, fan-out technology is being leveraged as an effective way to address interconnect demands, and there is a continuous search for more cost-effective solutions for difficult packaging challenges. Glass provides numerous opportunities to address these needs. As an insulator, glass has low electrical loss, particularly at high frequencies. The relatively high stiffness and ability to adjust coefficient of thermal expansion helps optimize warp in glass core substrates, bonded stacks leveraging TGV and in carrier applications. Glass forming processes allow the potential to both form in panel format as well as at thicknesses as low as 100 um, giving opportunities to optimize or eliminate current manufacturing methods and address packaging challenges in a cost effective way. We will provide the latest demonstrations of electrical, thermal and mechanical performance and reliability, describe areas where glass is being leveraged to achieve goals of next generation products and how properties of different glass types are leveraged by application.

FEATURES OF ALUMINUM POWDER PAP-2 GRANULATION IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF Al–Al2O3 POWDER COMPOSITE WITH LAYERED STRUCTURE

Modern scientific technical information implies great prospects for the use of Al–Al 2 O 3 based composite materials (CM). The papers by the Materials Science Department of Moscow Aviation University have shown the reactive air sintering of highly-dispersed PAP-2 powder blanks to be a promising way of obtaining the aluminum-base CM. However, it is necessary to solve a number of technological problems to apply the above technique such as the lack of fluidity and extremely low apparent density. The paper studies and suggests various methods of PAP-2 aluminum powder granulation with their physical and chemical aspects described. Various technological approaches to PAP-2 aluminum powder granulation have been used based on such process operations as powder heating in air followed by isothermal aging at 350 °C, adding water solution of sodium-silica glass, mechanical processing of powder in high-energy planetary mill, its heat treatment in vacuum at 650 °C initiating the stearin saponification reaction on the surface of the PAP-2 flakes followed by the formation of the organic component – plasticizer. It is found that the proposed methods of industrial PAP-2 powder granulation can modify its composition and structure as well as improve and vary technological characteristics of the original powder. The highest value of apparent density (up to 1,25 g/cm 3 ) is achieved when using mechanical treatment of the original powder in a high-energy planetary mill with the formation of rounded granules 50–150 μm in size. The most producible and cost-effective technique is based on initiating the chemical reaction of «stearin saponification» on the surface of powder particles (with apparent density of approximately 0,4 g/cm 3 ).

Micro-Ikebana by Biomimetic Crystallization of Alkaline Earth Carbonates

Biomineralization is the process of forming hard exo- or endoskeltons by biological organisms. The physical properties and the morphology of the composite material that is formed depends on the mode of crystal-growth, which depends on the diffusion of the constituents (metal cations, their anions, and additives). We chose a model system, strontium carbonate / silica, because the precipitation of SrCO3 and SiO2 is pH dependent. A lower pH accelerates SiO2 formation while it slows down SrCO3 crystallization, and vice versa. Thus, the precipitation of the composite can occur in an alternating fashion, regulating the morphology of the carbonate precipitate. The solution of SrCl2 and water glass is poured into a shallow container and a glass slide is floated on top, eliminating the effects of bulk precipitation and convection. The pH is adjusted to a starting value of 12, and a small amount of dimethyl carbonate is added. This compound slowly hydrolyses and gives off carbon dioxide, the carbonate source for the crystal growth. The crystal morphology is clearly dendritic and shows several distinct periods of growth. First, a few crystals grow from a common seed, and after a while, the blocking of surface sites on the carbonate crystals by water glass, leads to the start of a more needle-like growth with a significant increase of branching density. Finally, after seven days, coral-like structures are formed. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2017.65]

Lightweight Heat Resistant Geopolymer-based Materials Synthesized from Red Mud and Rice Husk Ash Using Sodium Silicate Solution as Alkaline Activator

Geopolymer is an inorganic polymer composite with potentials to replace Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)-based materials in the future because of its lower energy consumption, minimal CO 2 emissions and lower production cost as it utilizes industrial waste resources. Hence, geopolymerization and the process to produce geopolymers for various applications like building materials can be considered as green industry. Moreover, in our study, the raw materials we used are red mud and rice husk ash, which are are industrial and agricultural wastes that need to be managed to reduce their impact to the environment. The red mud and rice husk ash combined with sodium silicate (water glass) solution were mixed to form geopolymer materials. Moreover, the geopolymer specimens were also tested for heat resistance at a temperature of 1000°C for 2 hours. Results suggest high heat resistance with an increase of compressive strength after exposed at high temperature.

Anomalous dissolution behavior of celecoxib in PVP/Isomalt solid dispersions prepared using spray drier

Celecoxib is a COX II inhibitor NSAID which is used for joint pains, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, however due to its poor water solubility it shows very low oral bioavailability. Using solid dispersion formulations is one of the most promising strategies to increase solubility of poorly water soluble drugs. The purpose of this study is dissolution enhancement of celecoxib by preparation of solid dispersions via spray drying technique using PVP and Isomalt as hydrophilic carriers.Different ratios of celecoxib, Isomalt and PVP K30 (7:3:0, 5:5:0, 3:7:0, 1:9:0 and 3:5:2, 3:2:5) were prepared from 2% hydroalcoholic solutions (70:30 ethanol:water) using spray drier. Particle size analyzing, saturation solubility, SEM, DSC, FT-IR, XRPD and dissolution studies in 0.25% SDS and 0.04M Na3HPO4 mediums were performed. Stability of samples was also studied after a week and a month storage at 75% humidity condition.The results showed that the saturation solubility of celecoxib in solid dispersion samples is 20–30 folds higher than raw celecoxib. Similar results have been shown for dissolution studies. Solid state analyses showed glass solution state of celecoxib in PVP/Isomalt matrixes. FTIR studies exhibited the formation of hydrogen bonding between celecoxib and PVP in these samples. Spray dried celecoxib (amorphous celecoxib) without usage of carrier showed lower dissolution rate compare to its crystalline state (in 0.25% SDS dissolution medium) whilst these results is vise versa in Na3PO4 dissolution medium. Interestingly almost all samples exhibited higher dissolution rate (in 0.25% SDS) after storage in 75% humidity. XRPD analysis demonstrated the crystallization of amorphous celecoxib after 1month storage.In general using PVP K30 and Isomalt as hydrophilic carriers could increase solubility and dissolution rate of celecoxib in solid dispersion formulations.

Structure and Chemical Durability of Lead Crystal Glass.

Silicate glasses containing lead, also called lead crystal glasses, are commonly used as food product containers, in particular for alcoholic beverages. Lead's health hazards require major attention, which can first be investigated through the understanding of Pb release mechanisms in solution. The behavior of a commercial crystal glass containing 10.6 mol % of PbO (28.3 wt %) was studied in a reference solution of 4% acetic acid at 22, 40, and 70 °C at early and advanced stages of reaction. High-resolution solid-state 17O and 29Si NMR was used to probe the local structure of the pristine and, for the first time, of the altered lead crystal glass. Inserted into the vitreous structure between the network formers as Si-O-Pb bonds, Pb does not form Pb-O-Pb clusters which are expected to be more easily leached. A part of K is located near Pb, forming mixed Si-O-(Pb,K) near the nonbridging oxygens. Pb is always released into the solution following a diffusion-controlled dissolution over various periods of time, at a rate between 1 and 2 orders of magnitude lower than the alkalis (K and Na). The preferential release of alkalis is followed by an in situ repolymerization of the silicate network. Pb is only depleted in the outermost part of the alteration layer. In the remaining part, it stays mainly surrounded by Si in a stable structural configuration similar to that of the pristine glass. A simple model is proposed to estimate the Pb concentration as a function of glass surface, solution volume, temperature, and contact time.

Influence of the cooling rate and the blend ratio on the physical stability of co-amorphous naproxen/indomethacin

Co-amorphization represents a promising approach to increase the physical stability and dissolution rate of amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) as an alternative to polymer glass solutions. For amorphous and co-amorphous systems, it is reported that the preparation method and the blend ratio play major roles with regard to the resulting physical stability. Therefore, in the present study, co-amorphous naproxen-indomethacin (NAP/IND) was prepared by melt-quenching at three different cooling rates and at ten different NAP/IND blend ratios. The samples were analyzed using XRPD and FTIR, both directly after preparation and during storage to investigate their physical stabilities. All cooling methods led to fully amorphous samples, but with significantly different physical stabilities. Samples prepared by fast cooling had a higher degree of crystallinity after 300d of storage than samples prepared by intermediate cooling and slow cooling. Intermediate cooling was subsequently used to prepare co-amorphous NAP/IND at different blend ratios. In a previous study, it was postulated that the equimolar (0.5:0.5) co-amorphous blend of NAP/IND is most stable. However, in the present study the physically most stable blend was found for a NAP/IND ratio of 0.6:0.4, which also represents the eutectic composition of the crystalline NAP/γ-IND system. This indicates that the eutectic point may be of major importance for the stability of binary co-amorphous systems. Slight deviations from the optimal naproxen molar fraction led to significant recrystallization during storage. Either naproxen or γ-indomethacin recrystallized until a naproxen molar fraction of about 0.6 in the residual co-amorphous phase was reached again. In conclusion, the physical stability of co-amorphous NAP/IND may be significantly improved, if suitable preparation conditions and the optimal phase composition are chosen.

Addressing Next Generation Packaging and IoT with Glass Solutions

Abstract New requirements are emerging in electronics packaging. The ever-growing need for solutions for mobile communications and sensors that address the Internet of Things (IoT) brings about interesting new challenges. RF applications strive to move to higher frequency bands, fan-out technology is being leveraged as an effective way to address interconnect demands, and there is a continuous search for more cost-effective solutions for difficult packaging challenges. Glass provides numerous opportunities to address these needs. As an insulator, glass has low electrical loss, particularly at high frequencies. The relatively high stiffness and ability to adjust coefficient of thermal expansion helps optimize warp in glass core substrates, and manage bonded stacks leveraging TGV and carrier applications. Glass forming processes allow to form in a panel format as well as wafer format at thicknesses as low as 100 μm, giving opportunities to optimize or eliminate current polishing type manufacturing methods and address packaging challenges in a cost effective way. As the industry adopts glass solutions, significant advancements have been made in downstream processes such as glass handling and via/surface metallization. Of particular interest is the ability to leverage tool sets and processes for panel fabrication to enable cost structures desired by the industry. We will provide the latest demonstrations of electrical, thermal and mechanical performance and reliability as well as describe areas where glass is being leveraged to achieve goals of next generation products.

A silica/polyvinyl alcohol membrane suitable for separating proteins

Membrane separation at low temperatures is a favorable method for concentrating and purifying heat-sensitive biological molecules, for example, proteins. This results in that the production of an ultrafiltration membrane with long-term durability and low cost is receiving extensive attention. A new type of ultrafiltration membrane suitable for concentrating or separating proteins or macromolecules from small molecules such as salts or organic compounds is obtainable by directly mixing water glass solution with polyvinyl alcohol solution followed by soaking in aqueous H2SO4 solution. The molecular weight cut off of the ultrafiltration membrane was estimated to be >36,000 and <45,000 Da while its water permeability is reasonably high. The measured results of the critical mechanical properties, including tensile force, strength, length and elongation of the membrane indicated that its long-term durability should be good. Soaking the silica/polyvinyl alcohol membranes in 2 mol/L aqueous H2SO4 solution is very vital to improve the rejection rate of proteins investigated. The new and advanced preparation method of the membrane has a short, efficient and low cost operating process. The silica/polyvinyl alcohol membrane may also be applicable to the removal of microorganisms in water.

Interaction between porous glass and ammonium molybdate solution in acidic medium

The results obtained by treating porous high-silica glass with ammonium molybdate are reported. The structural changes occur both in the pore space and on the surface of the porous glass.

Огнезащита тонкомерных элементов кровель из осины и сосны

The experimental research of questions about the influence of wood species on the duration of combustion of the smalldiameter&#x0D; aspen and pine samples was performed. Its surfaces were pre-treated with an aqueous solution of sodium liquid&#x0D; glass with a concentration of from 0% to 20% with step 1%. It is established that processing of samples shingles from aspen&#x0D; wood increases the duration of their complete combustion of from 89 s to 300 s (3.90 times). The same sample treatment&#x0D; shingles from pine wood increases the duration of their complete combustion of from 180 s to 700 s (3.37 times). For fire&#x0D; protection aqueous solution of sodium liquid glass with a concentration of 14% is more relevant. According to the results&#x0D; of the analysis, and in logical connection with known data from other studies, we found that the speed of combustion&#x0D; of samples of aspen than pine. The duration of the complete combustion of samples tested pine shingles without fire&#x0D; protection is 180 s. But the same in form and dimensions of the samples aspen shingles without fire protection only 89 s,&#x0D; this 180/89=2.02 times less. In addition, we have established that the duration of the complete combustion of samples of&#x0D; pine shingles with fire protection 700 s, and aspen shingles with the same fire protection only 300 s, i.e. in 2.33 times less.&#x0D; For explanation of the differences found formulated the hypothesis: per unit mass, the duration of the stage of pyrolysis, and&#x0D; hence combustion is proportional to the amount of extractable substances contained in the wood. The physical adequacy&#x0D; of the initial hypothesis and the reliability of the numerical results were confirmed by consistency with the measurement of&#x0D; the time complete combustion of aspen and pine specimens with fire protection of the surface.

Supervised Learning of Two-Layer Perceptron under the Existence of External Noise — Learning Curve of Boolean Functions of Two Variables in Tree-Like Architecture —

We investigate the supervised batch learning of Boolean functions expressed by a two-layer perceptron with a tree-like structure. We adopt continuous weights (spherical model) and the Gibbs algorithm. We study the Parity and And machines and two types of noise, input and output noise, together with the noiseless case. We assume that only the teacher suffers from noise. By using the replica method, we derive the saddle point equations for order parameters under the replica symmetric (RS) ansatz. We study the critical value αC of the loading rate α above which the learning phase exists for cases with and without noise. We find that αC is nonzero for the Parity machine, while it is zero for the And machine. We derive the exponents \(\bar{\beta}\) of order parameters expressed as \((\alpha - \alpha _{\text{C}})^{\bar{\beta}}\) when α is near to αC. Furthermore, in the Parity machine, when noise exists, we find a spin glass solution, in which the overlap between the teacher and student vectors is zero but that...

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Geopolymers from Mixtures of Coal Ash and Rice Hull Ash using Water Glass Solution as Activator

Geopolymers, from industrial wastes such as blast furnace slag, red mud, and coal ash, among others, have emerged as technically viable, economically competitive, and environmentally attractive supplements and even alternatives to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Furthermore, while the most impact shall be achieved with large-scale use in the general building and structural sector, as replacement or supplement to OPC, the properties of these geopolymers may be optimized for special niche applications. One of these applications is for light weight, low thermal conductivity, heat resistant, and moderate strength cement binder for low rise residential buildings. In this study, compressive strength, heat resistance, volumetric weight, mass loss, water absorption and thermal conductivity of geopolymers formed from mixtures of coal bottom ash and rice hull ash (CBA-RHA) and coal fly ash and rice hull ash (CFA-RHA) with sodium silicate solution (modulus 2.5) as activator were evaluated. Using mixture design and the JMP statistical software, the CBA-RHA combination at a mass ratio of 46% CBA, 32% RHA with 22% WGS gave properties at maximum desirability of 17.6 MPa compressive strength, 1640 kg/m3 volumetric weight, 273 kg/m3 water absorption, 28 MPa compressive strength after high temperature exposure (1000oC for 2 hours) with 4.4% mass loss, and 0.578 W/m-K thermal conductivity. On a performance basis, even as the geopolymers are formed as paste, these properties fall within the standards for lightweight OPC based-concrete with strength requirements for residential buildings. The low thermal conductivity and higher strength after high temperature exposure vis-à-vis OPC are additional advantages for consideration.

Influence of Fiber Orientation on Bridging Performance of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite

Crack bridging performance of fibers strongly affects the tensile characteristics of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCCs) after first cracking. The fiber orientation distribution is likely to be affected by factors that include fresh-state properties, casting method, formwork geometry, and others. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the fiber orientation on the bridging performance in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) FRCCs through a visualization simulation using a water glass solution and a calculation of the bridging law. The main parameter of the investigations in the present study is the casting direction. To evaluate the fiber orientation distribution quantitatively, an approximation methodology using an elliptic function is newly introduced. The bridging stress versus crack width relationship is calculated considering the elliptic distribution, the snubbing effect, and the fiber strength degradation. The calculated stress-crack width curves can express the uniaxial tension test results after first cracking well.

PENGARUH KUALITAS BAHAN BAKU DAN RASIO UMPAN TERHADAP PELARUT PADA PROSES PEMURNIAN GARAM DENGAN METODE HIDROEKSTRAKSI BATCH

Nowadays, Indonesia is still relying on the imported salt, especially from Australia to meet the domestic salt demand. Development of salt purification process is still ventured to improve the quality of the salt as well as the efficiency. In this research, salt purification process is done using the hydroextraction method, where the salt crystals are purified using the pure saturated salt solution in a beaker glass. Different classification of salt K1, K2, and K3 are used with F:S ratio is varied by 1:30; 1:35; 1:40; 1:45; and 1:50. The hydroectraction process is stirred at 50 rpm. The quality of the purified salt are determined based on analysis of the levels of NaCl, Ca2+, and Mg2+. The highest NaCl level, 98,89% obtained on the process using K2 salt with F:S ratio is 1:45.

Pengaruh Lama Perendaman terhadap Absorpsi Tetrasiklin pada Adsorben Limbah Sisik Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus Gouramy)

Sisik ikan gurami (Osphronemus Gouramy) merupakan salah satu sumber alternatif kolagen alami yang bersifat biodegradable (mudah terurai) dan bio-compatible (kompatibel dengan jaringan sekitarnya) serta memiliki potensi sebagai bioadsorben. Sifat bioadsorben kolagen ini sudah dimanfaatkan sebagai media transport antibiotik tetrasiklin dalam bentuk chip, yang digunakan sebagai antibiotik lokal dalam perawatan periodontitis. Kekurangan chip ini yaitu harganya mahal serta harus diambil kembali dari jaringan gingiva karena tidak dapat diresorpsi tubuh. Potensi bioadsorben sisik dari ikan gurami diduga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media transport tetrasiklin dalam bidang biomedis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi absorbsi, kadar absorbsi serta pengaruh lama perendaman limbah sisik ikan gurami terhadap absorbsi antibiotik tetrasiklin. Sampel penelitian berupa sisik ikan gurami yang didapat dari rumah makan seafood di daerah Jember, Jawa Timur. Sebanyak 500 mg sisik ikan direndam ke dalam 20 ml larutan induk tetrasiklin hidroklorida dalam beaker glass. Larutan diambil sebanyak 200 μl dengan mikropipet pada jam ke-0, jam ke-1, jam ke-2, jam ke-4, jam ke-12 dan jam ke-24 setelah perendaman. Absorbansi sisik ikan gurami terhadap tetrasiklin pada masing-masing interval waktu perendaman dibaca menggunakan spektrofotometer dengan panjang gelombang 450nm. Tahapan ini diulangi sebanyak lima kali. Hasilnya kadar tetrasiklin dalam larutan pada lama perendaman 1 jam menunjukkan kadar terendah yaitu 160,6 μg/μl. Dari pengamatan mikroskopis terlihat adanya ikatan antara tetrasiklin dan kolagen sisik ikan. Sisik ikan gurami dapat mengabsorbsi tetrasiklin dengan lama perendaman efektif yaitu 1 jam dengan mekanisme ikatan antara kolagen sisik ikan dengan kristal tetrasiklinInfluence of Immersion Length on Tetracycline Absorption on Gourami (Osphronemus Gouramy) Scales as Adsorbent. Gourami (Osphronemus Gouramy) scales are one of the natural sources of collagen. This fish scale’s collagen has functional properties, such as bio-degradable (easily decomposed), bio-compatible (compatible with surrounding tissue), and potential as bio-adsorbent. The absorbent properties of collagen are currently used as a transport material in local drug delivery for periodontal disease treatment, which is known as tetracycline chip. However, this chip is made of synthetic collagen so it is not absorbable by the body’s system. The price is also expensive. This study’s aim is to prove the potency of Gourami scales as a source of collagen in medical treatment, especially as a transport material of tetracycline for periodontal disease treatment. The gourami scale was obtained from seafood restaurant in Jember, Jawa Timur. About 500 mg of gourami scales was immersed into 20 ml tetracycline solution in beaker glass. About 200 μl solution from the beaker glass was taken with micropipette after 1-hour, 2-hour, 4-hour, 12-hour and 24-hour after immersed. After that, the solution was collected into an eppendorf for each time. The absorbance was measured with spectrophotometer at 450 nm wave length. This procedure was repeated five times. The lowest absorbance occured at 1-hour time (160,6 μg/μl). The result from light and inverted microscope examination shows a bond between collagen from gourami scales with tetracycline. Gourami scale has the ability to absorb the highest rate of tetracycline at 1-hour immersed time by forming a bond between collagen and tetracycline.