The present work is involved in the synthesize, characterization and evaluating the role of CuO on physical, structural and optical properties of 45P2O5-(55-x)Na2O-xCuO (x=0, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 mol%) compositions. The as-synthesized samples are characterized by various experimental techniques such as XRD, FTIR, Raman and UV visible spectroscopy to study their suitability for laser and non-linear optical applications. The density of glasses increases whereas molar volume decreases from with the doping of CuO in place of Na2O. The amorphous nature of the prepared samples is confirmed by X-ray pattern. FTIR and Raman spectra confirm the presence of metaphosphate (Q2) and orthophosphate (Q0) structural units in the prepared glass samples which confirms that the glass network become more polymerised with the addition of CuO in place of Na2O. The optical band gap increases from 1.94 to 4.11 eV whereas refractive index decreases from 2.76 to 2.14 with increasing doping of CuO. The molar refraction decreases while metallization criteria increase with CuO doping. This glass material demonstrates promising potential for applications in non-linear optics.