Glass Fiber Mat Research Articles

Research Development and Production of Ultra-thin Electronic Glass Fiber Cloth

Research Development and Production of Ultra-thin Electronic Glass Fiber Cloth

Development of Radiation-Resistant Warm Magnets Using Cyanate Ester Resin

We have been developing radiation-resistant warm magnets insulated by cyanate ester (CE) resins. A glass fiber cloth prepreg tape was fabricated using CE pre-polymers supplied by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company Inc. Proton beam irradiation tests were carried out for evaluation of the radiation hardness. We prepared cured resin samples of cyanate ester, bismaleimide triazine (BT), and epoxy resins using the same glass fiber cloth. The resin samples were irradiated by a 70-MeV proton beam at doses up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> Gy at the Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University. The results of tensile tests after irradiation showed that the radiation resistance of the CE resins was almost same as that of BT resins and more than 10 times as high as that of epoxy resins. We also developed a CE putty for use in coil moldings. A curing test was performed on a coil mock-up made of a stack of hollow conductors wrapped with the CE prepreg tapes and putty. We successfully cured the coil mock-up without causing thermal runaway.

Mechanical properties of laminated bamboo composite as a sustainable green material for fishing vessel: Correlation of layer configuration in various mechanical tests

Abstract With the increased emphasis on the need to use recyclable bio-based materials and a better understanding of the mechanical properties of laminated bamboo, there is currently a great deal of interest in developing a new generation of low-cost bamboo-based composites for use in fishing vessels. Laminated bamboo composites (LBCs) comprised of Apus bamboo (Gigantochloa apus) and fibreglass mats were investigated to obtain the mechanical characteristics. The LBC with 45°/−45° cross-fibre directions combined with chopped strand mat fibreglass was developed under different layers and mass fractions with the same composite thickness. The influence of different numbers of laminated bamboo layers (3–7 layers) on several mechanical testings, including impact tests using ASTM D256, bending tests using ASTM D7264, tensile tests using ASTM D3039, V-notched beam test using ASTM D7078, and lap shear tests using ASTM D5868 standard, were carried out. The result showed that the strategy in improving the strength properties of LBCs could be achieved by using a thinner bamboo lamina with a higher number of bamboo layers. It was found that bamboo composites with 7 layers with a higher epoxy mass matrix had superior mechanical properties than those with 3 and 5 layers at the same thickness. Another finding revealed that adding fibreglass mat to current LBCs improved mechanical properties compared to previous research, explicitly bending strength increased by about 4.02–7.56% and tensile strength in the range of 12.44–17.73%. It can be found that only specimen with 7 layers fulfils the Indonesian Bureau Classification’s bending and tensile strength threshold.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

Non-metallic structural materials that act as an electrical insulation are needed for cryogenic power applications. One of the extensively utilized materials is glass fiber reinforced resins (GFRR) and may also be known as GFRP and FRP. They are created from glass fiber cloth that are impregnated with an epoxy resin under pressure and heat. Although the materials based on GFRR have been employed extensively, reports about their dielectric properties at cryogenic temperatures and larger thicknesses are generally lacking in the literature. Therefore to guide electrical apparatus designers for cryogenic applications, GFRR samples with different thicknesses are tested in a liquid nitrogen bath. Scaling relation between the dielectric breakdown strength and the GFFR thickness is established. Their loss tangents are also reported at various frequencies.

Design, Analysis and Weight Optimization of Roller Conveyor System by using Glass Fiber Composite Material

Abstract: In this paper I studied problem in existing conveyor system and optimized critical part of roller conveyor system like Roller. Industrial roller conveyor having MS rollers due to this sagging is induced in roller support. Hence Company required optimizing weight of roller to avoid sagging. Paper contains geometrical modelling and finite element analysis of existing design and optimizes design. Geometrical modelling is done Using CATIA V5R20 and FEA was done with the help of ANSYS 14.5. also manufacturing of new roller using glass fiber material and testing of both roller by using UTM to validation of ANSYS results.

Predicting of Process Parameters for Theoretical Concentrated Stress of Fatigue Notch Coefficient of Auto Parts Using Virtual Recognizable Performance Evaluation Research.

This paper analyzes the structure of the key parts of the car belt guide, and the average stress of the vulnerable parts is simulated by analysis software. The theoretical stress of the section is calculated. The theoretical stress concentration factor () is given. The relation between the gap radius and the notch coefficient () was studied according to a previous calculation formula. The tensile tests of real products are used as reference data. The results showed that and are linear in most cases, but there are also cases of non-compliance. The relationship between the fatigue notch coefficient and the theoretical stress concentration coefficient was closely related to the service life and fatigue strength of the product. In addition, we found that the size and direction of warpage improved significantly with the increase of fillet size, which was not consistent with the effect of adding glass fiber material. The rounded corners of ordinary PP materials usually displayed forward warping, but the addition of glass fiber into PP materials made the degree of warping smaller, or even led to reverse warping. The size of rounded corners is an important optimization parameter. The relationship between and was studied from the perspectives of virtual measurement (VM) and recognizable performance evaluation (RPM). According to abnormal filling pressure, these relationships were compared with filling data to generate a fracture initiation control model. Based on a large amount of normal process data and quality inspection data, the historical data (causes) and quality inspection data (results) were combined.

Optimal Material Selection for Manufacturing Prosthetic Foot

The foot is an essential part of the components of the prosthesis. Therefore, the selected materials’ mechanical properties, cost, and weight must be considered when manufacturing the prosthetic foot. This study studied the mechanical properties of selected materials used for prosthetic feet. The material chosen is Carbon Fiber, Glass fiber, and hybrid composite material. This study aims to simulate chosen materials to find the optimal material selection for manufacturing prosthetic feet by assuming boundary conditions, reaction forces, design consideration, and application. The simulation was done by the finite element analysis ANSYS-14.5 program. The result of the force plate test shows the ground reaction force equal to 750N at heel strike,700N at mid-stance, and 650N at the toe-off stage. The finite element result shows the maximum Von-Misses stress equal to 119MPa at the toe-off stage, and the hybrid composite material has the maximum safety factor. Furthermore, the results showed that the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite materials are the best, as the yield stress is 560MPa, the ultimate stress is 678MPa, and the modulus of elasticity is 6.2GPa. The result shows that the Hybrid composite material has excellent improvement in mechanical properties such as lightweight, stiffness, high mechanical properties, and cost-efficiency. Hence by considering the body weight of the amputee, gait cycle, and analyzing the material properties, the hybrid composite material is the best suitable should be selected to manufacture foot prostheses.

Experimental investigations and kinetics of hydrogen oxidation by oxygen in the media of carbon dioxide under elevated pressure at fiber-glass Pt/Pd catalysts

The study is dedicated to the performance of glass-fiber catalysts (GFCs) in the practically important reaction of hydrogen oxidation by oxygen in the media of carbon dioxide at elevated pressures. The samples of the catalysts were synthesized using Pt and Pd as active metals and thermostable high-silica glass-fiber textiles both unpromoted and promoted by Zr. The used catalyst preparation methods include surface thermal synthesis and leaching/impregnation approaches. All three tested samples showed approximately equal activity, but the preference was given to Pt-based GFC synthesized by means of surface thermal synthesis method because it uses the much cheaper and widely available glass-fiber textile instead of rare and expensive Zr-promoted materials. Resource testing of this catalyst for more than 200 hours demonstrated its high stability. The reaction rate may be described by kinetic equation corresponding to mass-action law with linear dependence upon the reaction pressure. The studied GFC may be arranged into structured cartridges with low pressure drop and highly intensive heat and mass transfer under the commercial process conditions, so its further practical application looks promising.

A Comparative Study On Sliding Wear Behaviour Of Post-Cured Hybrid Reinforced Polymer Composites

&lt;p&gt;This endeavour also entails developing novel materials for composites that are superior to existing composites. Lapox L-12 resin, E glass fibre material, and cerium oxide, which are the rare earth material family member in the periodic table. The combination of these materials was utilised to investigate the wear loss, and surface roughness in a dry sliding wear in two conditions: with and without postcuring (at 100oC for 60 minutes) with process parameters such as percentage of filler material, normal load and sliding speed. The experiments were planned according to L16 orthogonal array based on Taguchi design. Results reveal that wear loss and surface roughness is minimum in post-cured glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites compoared to without post-cured specimens. The optimum process parameters level for minimum wear loss of post-cured GFRP composites, optimum process parameters are percentage of filler material is 20%, load is 15N and sliding speed is 0.25 m/s.&lt;/p&gt;

Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy with CFA and SiC

From early history, builders, manufacturers, and engineers continued to develop composites of wide assortments of materials. Furthermore, chemical upheaval changed the composite development of plastics such as polyvinyl, polystyrene, etc., and reinforcement was reinforced essential to provide strength and rigidity. At present composites finds many applications in every aspects of day to day life. The utilization of raw materials like coal, baggase and agricultural wastes are used in large scales in industries for power generation and food production. The utilization of these fuels causing huge environmental pollution liberating in the form of ashes. These ashes can be utilized in effective way for manufacturing and structural applications with their incorporation in polymer matrix composites. To enhance the mechanical properties and in reducing the manufacturing cost, these industrial wastes plays a major role. The present research work mainly focuses on the influence of Coal Fly Ash (CFA), Silicon Carbide (SiC) and a mixture of CFA & SiC as filler materials on the mechanical behavior of Epoxy Glass fiber composite. Various types of composites are fabricated by manual hand lay-up process with varying weight percentages of the filler materials and epoxy resin as matrix material. The filler materials weight proportions are taken as 5%, 10% and 15%. The prepared composites are cut into tests specimen as per the ASTM standards of mechanical characterization. The mechanical properties of the composites (like Tensile strength (ASTM D3039/D3039M: 2017), Flexural strength (ASTM D790: 2015), Impact strength (ASTM D 229 el: 2019), Interlaminar shear strength (ASTM D2240: 2015), Hardness (ASTM D2240: 2015)) are determined by using corresponding testing machines and it is observed that the properties exhibited by the composites are enhanced with the incorporation of CFA, SiC & mixture of CFA and SiC when compared with the unfilled composites. So, these composites are considered a multifunctional composite material where the individual fillers are used in some applications and the combined proportions are used in different applications. They replace the existing materials that are very high in cost and cause more pollution at the time of manufacturing. These composites give the ability to improve and increase the efficiency, autonomy, and life expectancy of a structure.

Influence of Abaca Fiber on the Performance of Abaca-Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

Woven abaca fiber also known as “Sinamay” was usually used in textile and handcraft industries. In this paper, the use of woven abaca fiber was utilized as a potential component in a fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite material. It also aims to study the effects of increasing abaca fiber layer on the mechanical and water absorption properties of the composite. The composite laminates having 1, 3, 5, and 7 layers of woven abaca stacked in between of glass fiber mats: plain-woven fabric and chopped strand and polyester resin as binder were fabricated by hand lay-up technique. These abaca-glass fiber reinforced polyester composite specimens were characterized using tensile test, flexural test, izod impact test, and water absorption test. Upon introducing and increasing the amount of abaca layers in the composite, the results showed that its properties were significantly changed. The mechanical strength was decreased while water absorbed was increased as the amount of abaca layer increases.

Development of Multiscale Composite with Hybrid Natural Nanofibers.

Natural nanofibers are widely used in the field of medicine, but the low strength of these nanofibers is one of the major concerns. A number of factors, importantly the composition, affect the strength of natural nanofibers. The purpose of the current study is to ascertain the effect of the composition of natural nanofibers on the strength of hybrid composites formed using these nanofibers. Hybrid composites formed using 32% volume glass fibre with optimized volume fraction of 0.5% of pure Cellulose Acetate (CA), and 0.5% CA + Hemp Seed (HS) for this study to carry out the analysis. Hybrid composites were produced with vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) by collecting natural nanofibers, produced using the electrospinning process, over glass fiber mats. The electrospinning process was carried out with 12 kV, 10 cm tip to the collector gap, and 12% concentration of the solution. The tensile strength of the hybrid composites was measured using the universal testing machine (UTM). The results showed that the diameter of the electrospun nanofiber varied between 50 and 1400 nm and was affected by solution concentration, voltage, tip-to-collector distance, flow rate, and inclusion of HS in CA. The inclusion of HS in CA, for all compositions, decreased the fiber diameter and caused the formation of beads prominently at higher concentrations. Hybrid composites formed from nanofibers produced using CA and HS showed higher elastic modulus (232 MPa) and tensile strength (20.4 GPa) as compared with nanofibers produced using CA only (elastic modulus = 110 MPa and 13.7 GPa).

Laboratory Evaluation of the Properties of Dense Graded Asphalt Mixtures Containing Waste Glass Fibre and Crumb Rubber

Due to environmental issues and rising costs of construction materials, there is an increasing desire to use reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material in road construction. However, using too much of this material may lead to impairment of fundamental properties of asphalt mix. Glass fibre material is a well-known modifier and could be used to compensate possible downgrade of properties. Research articles and theoretical material have shown that adding too much fibre glass reinforcement could cause damage to asphalt mixture. Therefore, in this research, reference mixture has been compared to three projected AC 11 surface mixtures with different amount of fibre glass. The same has been done to HMAC mixtures, but in this case, there is crumb rubber used as mixture modifier. Experimental part has shown that using fibre glass in asphalt mixtures for both construction layers may have positive influence on fundamental parameters of HMAC and AC asphalt mixes, which can be a good solvation for using waste glass fibre in road construction.

Investigation of the friction behavior between dry/infiltrated glass fiber fabric and metal sheet during deep drawing of fiber metal laminates

During deep drawing processes of fiber metal laminates, such as the newly developed in-situ hybridization process, fibers and metal sheets come into contact while the dry fabric is infiltrated by a reactive matrix system. The viscosity of the matrix increases as polymerization starts during deep-drawing. In the in-situ hybridization process, a dry fiber metal laminate is deep drawn while a thermoplastic matrix system is injected into the glass fiber fabric layer in a resin transfer molding process. During forming of the fiber metal laminate, friction occurs in tangential direction to the metal sheet. The friction plays the main role in preventing the elongation of the sheets in the deep drawing process. Therefore, the measurement of friction coefficients between fibers and metal sheets is essential. In this paper, the friction between sheet metal and dry or infiltrated glass fiber fabric under high contact pressures of 1.67 MPa, as occurring in deep drawing processes, is characterized. A modified strip drawing test setup is used to analyze the coefficient of friction under a constant high contact pressure. Compression tests were performed to show that Coulomb friction can be assumed. Different types of glass fiber fabrics and liquids with defined viscosities are used. It was found that fluids with higher viscosity decrease the friction coefficients in the interface, which is physically explained. For the in-situ hybridization process, it is deduced that with low viscosities, a better infiltration is achieved, while higher viscosities reduce the friction coefficient for better formability.

Quantification of a COVID-19 Antibody Assay Using a Lateral Flow Test and a Cell Phone

Although several biomedical assays have been developed to screen for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, very few can be completed without drawing blood. We developed a rapid lateral flow screening tool that used saliva samples and yielded rapid results that could be quantified using a cell phone. This assay provided the sensitive detection of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 within 10 min. We started by synthesising, modifying, and characterising gold nanoparticles. Using these particles as a coloured label, we developed a lateral flow strip made of nitrocellulose, glass fibre, and cellulose material. We quantified our visual results using pictures acquired with a cell phone and calculated a limit of detection of 4 ng/mL of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

Smart Self-Sensing Piezoresistive Composite Materials for Structural Health Monitoring

The use of fiber-reinforced composite materials has widely spread in various sectors, including aerospace, defense, and civil industry. The assessment of these heterogeneous material systems is important for safer and risk-free applications and has contributed to the need for self-sensing composites. This work is focused on the development of piezoresistive composites, the prediction of their performance and structural health monitoring (SHM). Additionally, this work unpacks the complexity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) micro-fabrication and the development of piezoresistive and electromagnetic (EM) waves detection electrodes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the CNTs structure and morphologies. The manufactured CNTs were incorporated in epoxy systems to fabricate glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP)-CNTs smart composites with piezoresistive properties. The detection of micro-damage onset and its progression was carried out in mode I, to evaluate the sensitivity of the smart composites to damage development. The change in electrical conductivity of the nanotubes-reinforced composite systems due to localized mechanical strains enabled crack propagation detection. The relationship between crack propagation, fracture toughness, and electrical resistivity of the smart composite was analyzed.

Radio-Heat Contrasts of UAVs and Their Weather Variability at 12 GHz, 20 GHz, 34 GHz, and 94 GHz Frequencies

This work describes the procedure for determining the expected values of UAV radio-heat contrasts () and discusses its angular dependences, as well as the estimation of UAV detection distances at four points cm and mm ranges (12 GHz, 20 GHz, 34 GHz, and 94 GHz). This paper reveals the pronounced frequency dependence on brightness temperature () and of a fiberglass unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) made from composite fiberglass materials. The quantified experiments are conducted against a sky background under various weather conditions and wave ranges. The qualitative physical interpretation of these properties and their frequency dependence is proposed, reflecting the coefficient values and radio brightness of the background. The weak influence of weather on the observed UAVs in the X and Ku bands are demonstrated along with the multiple decreasing detection characteristics and advantages of the W band under bad weather conditions (the appearance of rain or thick cloud). This work presents data on the values of UAV contrasts, observed against the background of the sky and the regularities noted could be useful for predicting the effectiveness of the proposed radiometric detection and tracking system.

A Review Paper on Design and Analysis of Leaf Spring

Abstract: This paper reviews some of the general study on the design, analysis and fabrication of composite leaf spring. Leaf springs are one of the oldest suspension components they are still frequently used, especially in commercial vehicles. The literature has indicated a growing interest in the replacement of steel spring with composite leaf spring.The suspension system in a vehicle significantly affects the behavior of vehicle, i.e. vibration characteristics including ride comfort, stability etc. Leaf springs are commonly used in the vehicle suspension system and are subjected to millions of varying stress cycles leading to fatigue failure. A lot of research has been done for improving the performance of leaf spring. Lot of materials are used for leaf spring .but it is found that fiberglass material has better strengthcharacteristic and lighter in weight as compare to steel for leaf spring. In this paper the author is reviewed few papers on use of alternate materials and effect of material on leaf spring performance. Keywords: steel leaf spring, ANSYS, PRO-E software.

Vibration Analysis of Composite Internal Door Panel of a Car

Abstract: The main objective behind this paper is to develop a suitable model of internal door panel for cars, to conduct a static structural analysis of internal door panel by finite element method and to compare the performance of glass fiber material with previously recommended materials of internal door panel. This paper deals with the mechanical behavior and vibration analysis of glass fiber-based polymer composite beam structures. Glass fiber has been widely used for many applications due to its high strength, flexibility, stiffness and resistance to chemical this extended work the inactive basic Limited Component Investigation of inside entryway board of a vehicle by considering glass fiber composite materials was conducted. The entryway board of the vehicle was utilized to create the geometric show of the inward entryway board by CATIA V5 R20 modeling program. This 3-D geometric demonstration was imported to utilize ANSYS Workbench 19.0. Model analysis of the internal door panel has been done using ANSYS software.

Hydrocarbon Resin-Based Composites with Low Thermal Expansion Coefficient and Dielectric Loss for High-Frequency Copper Clad Laminates.

The rapid development of the 5G communication technology requires the improvement of the thermal stability and dielectric performance of high-frequency copper clad laminates (CCL). A cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) resin was added to the original 1,2-polybutadienes (PB)/styrene ethylene butylene styrene (SEBS) binary resin system to construct a PB/SEBS/COC ternary polyolefin system with optimized dielectric properties, mechanical properties, and water absorption. Glass fiber cloths (GFCs) and SiO2 were used to fill the resin matrix so to reduce the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) and enhance the mechanical strength of the composites. It was found that the CTE of polyolefin/GFCs/SiO2 composite laminates decreased with the increase of SiO2 loading at first, which was attributed to the strong interfacial interaction restricting the segmental motion of polymer chains between filler and matrix. It was obvious that the addition of COC and SiO2 had an effect on the porosity, as shown in the SEM graph, which influenced the dielectric loss (Df) of the composites directly. When the weight of SiO2 accounted for 40% of the total mass of the composites, the laminates exhibited the best comprehensive performance. Their CTE and Df were reduced by 63.3% and 22.0%, respectively, and their bending strength increased by 2136.1% compared with that of the substrates without COC and SiO2. These substrates have a great application prospect in the field of hydrocarbon resin-based CCL.