Glass-ceramic Samples Research Articles

Influence of Bismuth Content on the Properties of Glass-Ceramics with Composition xBi2O3-(0.40-x)B2O3-0.15ZnO-0.45P2O5: Synthesis, Structural, Thermal Analysis, and Dielectric Relaxation Process

The glass-ceramics materials with the sample composition of xBi2O3-(0.40-x) B2O3-0.15ZnO-0.45P2O5 (BBZP) (where x = 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25) have been prepared using the conventional melt-quenching technique. Different nanocrystalline phases embedded inside the glass-ceramic matrix have been characterised by analysing x-ray diffraction spectra. The obtained density values as well as molar volume increases with the rise of bismuth content. The network structure of the glass ceramic samples has been investigated employing Raman spectroscopy. The DSC analysis reveals the decrease in Glass transition temperature (Tg) (433K-416K), and crystallization temperature (Tc) (569K-556K) of the studied materials. The electrical properties of the samples have been investigated in the context of dielectric and modulus formalism. Different theoretical models have been employed to analyse the experimental data of dielectric and modulus spectra. The Nyquist plots of the materials have also been analysed employing relevant models. It has been shown that the higher bismuth containing samples are highly dense with high thermal stability. Such materials also have high dielectric strength. Analysis of these performance indicators suggests the possible applications of these materials in electrochemical devices.

Nd3+-doped B2O3-SiO2-AlF3-NaF-CaF2 glass ceramics for 1.06 μm emission

Trivalent neodymium (Nd3+) doped transparent oxyfluoroborosilicate glass and glass ceramics (GCs) comprising CaF2 nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated via melt quench route followed by two step heat treatment process. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic studies confirm the presence of CaF2 NPs. The GC environment for efficient luminescence was obtained at a heat treatment of 450 °C/1 h. The wavelength of pumping laser source was optimized as 808 nm by studying the luminescence properties at different excitations. The Nd3+ ions exhibit their characteristic emission transitions with peak maxima at around 0.89 μm (4F3/2 → 4I9/2), 1.06 μm (4F3/2 → 4I11/2) and 1.32 μm (4F3/2 → 4I13/2). The Nd3+ concentration was also optimized as 1.0 mol% for strong emission up on 808 nm pumping. Various spectroscopic, radiative and laser characteristic parameters were determined using Judd-Ofelt theory. The luminescence decay of 4F3/2 state was studied controlling the excitation and emission wavelengths at 808 and 1060 nm, respectively. The reasons for quenching in luminescence were discussed with suitable illustrations. The experimentally observed results confirm that the GC sample obtained at 450 °C/1 h heat treatment was highly appropriate to design 1.06 μm fiber lasers and optical amplifiers.

Preparation and scintillation properties of Eu3+-doped high crystallinity tellurite glass ceramics

In this study, a high-crystallinity glass-ceramic scintillator doped with Eu³⁺ containing Bi₂Te₄O₁₁ nanocrystals was prepared using a traditional melt crystallization method. The optimal heat treatment conditions, phase structure, and luminescent properties of the glass-ceramics were systematically investigated using various characterization techniques, including DSC, XRD, SEM, and spectrophotometry. To achieve glass-ceramic samples with high transmittance and excellent luminescent performance, the optimal heat treatment process was determined to be 500 °C for 10 minutes. The final sample was found to have a density of 5.9 g/cm³ and a crystallinity of 70%. Strong orange-red light emission was exhibited by the glass-ceramic under both 465 nm light and X-ray excitation. The maximum integral X-ray excited luminescence (XEL) intensity was found to reach 20.2% of that of the commercial Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) scintillation crystal. It is indicated by the research that Eu³⁺-doped high-crystallinity tellurate glass-ceramics are promising candidate materials for scintillators in the field of X-ray detection.

Na+ conductivity of (100−x)Na3PS4−xCa3N2 glass and glass−ceramics

AbstractThe ionic conductivity of Na3PS4 can be improved via the aliovalent substitution of P and S as well as multivalence cation substitution of Na. Although the enhanced ionic conductivities of tetragonal and cubic Na3PS4 have been theoretically and experimentally studied, the dynamics of sodium ions in these systems have been rarely reported. In this study, (100−x)Na3PS4−xCa3N2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 10) glass samples were synthesizing using high‐energy planetary ball‐milling method. These samples were subjected to heat treatment at 280°C for 1 h in an argon atmosphere to obtain glass–ceramic samples. The structures of these samples were characterized via Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The lattice parameter and cell volume of the glass–ceramic samples strongly depended on the x value in (100−x)Na3PS4−xCa3N2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 10). Their ionic conductivities were determined via alternating current electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). 92Na3PS4−8Ca3N2 glass–ceramics exhibited an ionic conductivity of 8.14 × 10−4 Scm−1 at 25°C. Charge carrier concentration and hopping rate were extracted from the EIS data to determine the ionic conductivities of the samples. The activation energies of DC conductivity and mobile ion formation and migration were also derived from the EIS data to analyze the effect of Ca3N2 doping on the ionic conductivity of the synthesized samples.

The Effects of the Incorporation of Luminescent Vanadate Nanoparticles in Lithium Borate Glass Matrices by Various Methods

The glass-ceramic materials studied in this work are designed using combinations of lithium vanadate borate glass matrices and lanthanum/rare earth (RE) vanadate nanoparticles. Three different techniques of sintering of the glass matrix and vanadate nanoparticles are investigated. The morphological characteristics and spectral properties of the glass-ceramic samples obtained by different techniques are investigated and analyzed in comparison with the properties of the original glass matrices and nanoparticles. The luminescence spectra of all glass-ceramic samples consist of a wideband glass matrix emission and the characteristic line emission of the RE ions that are incorporated into the glass matrices as nanoparticles. The RE luminescence of these glass-ceramics is promising for various optoelectronic applications.

Er3+ -doped oxyfluoroborosilicate glass ceramics with embedded CaF2 nanoparticles for 1.53 μm broad band applications

The CaF2 based oxyfluoroborosilicate glasses and glass ceramics doped with Er3+ ions were prepared via melt quench process followed by heat treatment and characterized for 1.53 μm broadband applications. The optimized glass ceramic sample was obtained at 450oC/1h heat treatment. The Er3+ concentration was optimized as 1.0 mol% for efficient emission at 460 nm excitation through concentration dependent luminescence analysis. The spectroscopic parameters such as Ωλ=2,4,6 parameters and the radiative parameters such as spontaneous transition probability rates (AR), branching ratios (βR) and decay times (τR) were calculated applying the standard Judd-Ofelt theory. The effective bandwidth (Δλeff), stimulated emission cross-section (σe), gain bandwidth (σe×Δλeff), quantum efficiency (η) and figure of merit (σe×τR) were calculated as 25.78 nm, 13.42×10-21 cm2, 3.46×10-26 cm3, 82.83% and 5.32×10-23 cm2s, respectively for the optimized glass ceramic sample. The exchange type of energy transfer among the excited Er3+ ions results the quenching in luminescence and the non-exponentiality in decay curves. The systematic investigations carried out indicate that the glass ceramic obtained at 450oC/1h heat treatment was proficient for 1.53 μm broadband fiber lasers and optical amplifiers in S and C band communication window.

Mn2+ activated Boroaluminosilicate glass-ceramics with Al4B2O9 nanocrystals for tunable Emission

Mullite-type glass ceramics (GCs) are a promising solid-state luminescence matrix material due to their excellent stability and abundant Al-O polyhedral structural units for accommodating active transition metal ions. In this work, Mn2+ activated Al4B2O9 GCs were prepared by the melt-quenching method and subsequent heat treatment. Our results show that the prepared GC samples exhibit four different luminescence peaks under 360 nm excitation, corresponding to the Mn2+ ions located at [AlO4] and [AlO6] coordination sites of Al4B2O9 grains and glass matrix. Both the concentration of Mn2+ and crystallinity of Al4B2O9 crystals affect the emission spectra of the GC. The obtained GCs with good resistance for thermally induced luminescence quenching and moisture tolerance could be used in customizing LEDs with tunable emission characateritics.

Tunable broadband luminescence of the novel Sn2+ doped oxyfluoride glass and glass-ceramics for W-LEDs

The demand for white-light luminescent materials for the white-light-emitting diodes (W-LEDs) field has been growing in modern life. In this work, a series of Sn2+ and Mn2+ ions co-doped highly transparent white-light emitting oxyfluoride glasses (precursor glass, PG) and Sr2LuF7 glass-ceramics (GC) were successfully prepared by the melt-quenching technique. Their luminescent and structural properties were investigated by the transmission spectra, excitation and emission spectra at different temperatures (300-500 K), luminescent decay curves, XRD, and TEM characterizations. Upon excitation with ultraviolet (UV) light, tunable broadband blue-white light emissions of Sn2+ were obtained by adjusting the concentration of Sn2+ ions. A conspicuous energy transfer process from Sn2+ to Mn2+ was observed in Sn2+/Mn2+ co-doped samples. Tunable broadband luminescence between blue-white light and orange-red light regions and nearly pink-white light emission was realized by varying Mn2+ concentration. Furthermore, compared to PG samples, the emissions were enhanced in GC samples due to the crystallization of Sr2LuF7 nanocrystals. Excellent thermal stability was also performed in these Sn2+ doped PG and GC samples with a recovering value of 96 % and 98.8 %, respectively. Simultaneously, Sn2+ doped PG and GC samples also own good optical thermal sensitivities with an SA value of 2.28 % and 2.47 % K-1, respectively. Our results indicate that these Sn2+/Mn2+ co-doped PG and GC may serve as tunable light sources under UV excitation and have prospects on the ratiometric optical thermometry fields.

Development of Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) to Increase Ionic Conductivity through Interactions between Solid Electrolytes and Anode and Cathode Electrodes

Although in general ions are not able to migrate in the solid-state position due to rigid skeletal structure, in some solid electrolytes with a low energy barrier and high ionic conductivities, these ion transition can occur. In this work, we considered several solid electrolytes including lithium phosphorus oxy-nitride (LIPON), a lithium super-ionic conductor (SILICON), and thio-LISICON. For the fabrication and characterization of the solid electrolyte’s fabrication, we used a single-step ball milling (SSBM) procedure. Through this research on all-solid-state rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, our target is to discuss solving several problems in solid LIBs that have recently escalated due to raised concerns relating to safety hazards such as solvent leakage and the flammability of the liquid electrolytes used for commercial LIBs. Through this research, we tested the conductivity amounts of various substrates containing amorphous glass, SSBM, and glass-ceramic samples. Obviously, the SSBM glass-ceramics increased the conductivity, and we also found that the values for conductivity attained by SSBM were higher than those values for glass-ceramics. Using an SSBM technique, silicon nanoparticles were used as an anode material and it was found that the charge and discharge curves in the battery cell cycled between 0.009 and 1.45 V versus Li+/Li at a current density of 210 mA g−1 at room temperature. Since high resistance causes degradation between the cathode material (LiCoO2) and the solid electrolyte, we added GeS2 and SiS2 to the Li2S-P2S5 system to obtain higher conductivities and better stability of the electrode–electrolyte interface.

Effects of different surface finishing procedures and staining solution applications on lightness, chroma and hue of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass ceramics

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in lightness (ΔL), chroma (ΔC), and hue (ΔH) of zirconia-reinforced glass ceramic (ZLS) samples of various thicknesses, which underwent different surface finishing procedures, after aging and staining solutions. Methodology: Sixty samples of ZLS blocks were produced in two different thicknesses (12x14x1 mm, n=30; 12x14x1.5 mm, n=30), and different surface treatments were applied to them (mechanical polishing or glaze; n=15). After polishing and glazing, all samples were cleaned using an ultrasonic cleaner for 10 minutes. Color measurements were taken using a spectrophotometer before and after autoclave aging and immersion in staining solutions (tea, coffee, and coke), and color values were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Shapiro, three-way ANOVA, and Tukey HSD tests were used for statistical evaluation. Results: The common effects of surface finishing treatment, staining solution, and thickness interaction on ∆L and ∆C values were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), while the common effect on ∆H values was not found to be significant (p>0.05). The ∆L and ∆H values (5.06 ± 1.60 and 2.95 ± 0.61, respectively) were the highest in the groups with 1 mm thickness, mechanical polishing, and immersion in tea solution. The highest ∆C value (4.21 ± 0.35) was noted for the group with 1 mm thickness, mechanical polishing, and immersion in cola solution. Conclusion: Differences in material thickness and the staining solution affected the lightness, hue, and chroma of the ZLS samples. The difference in the surface finishing procedure affected the hue and chroma but not the lightness. How to cite this article: Korkmaz C. Effects of different surface finishing procedures and staining solution applications on lightness, chroma and hue of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass ceramics. Int Dent Res 2024;14(2):57-67. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.538

High-Stability Near-Infrared Luminescent Glass Ceramic and Its Applications.

Near-infrared (NIR) light, valuable for its biological penetration and invisibility to the human eye, is a crucial tool in biomedicine, environmental monitoring, anticounterfeiting, and information encryption, yet traditional NIR luminescent materials are often unstable in humid conditions. Here, a highly stable MgGeO3:Mn2+ glass ceramic (GC) with NIR luminescence was successfully synthesized. As-obtained GC700 boasts exceptional luminescent capabilities and possesses abundant trap structures, enabling data inscription with a 405 nm laser and retrieval via laser/thermal excitation. Moreover, the emission peak of Mn2+ can be manipulated from 630 to 691 nm by increasing the annealing treatment temperature. With the harnessing of the effective NIR emission, stable carrier characteristics, and numerous trap structures, there is potential for application in information encryption. Accordingly, we explored the application of MgGeO3:Mn2+ GC (GC700 and GC800) samples in precious three-dimensional (3D) information storage and NIR mechanoluminescence (ML) for biological tissue imaging. These applications demonstrate the potential and versatility of electron-capturing NIR luminescent materials in a range of cutting-edge fields.

Glass-Ceramic Materials with Luminescent Properties in the System ZnO-B2O3-Nb2O5-Eu2O3.

In this paper, the crystallization behavior of 50ZnO:47B2O3:3Nb2O3:0.5Eu2O3 (G-0 h) glass has been investigated in detail by DSC, XRD and TEM analysis. The luminescent properties of the resulting glass-ceramics were also investigated. By XRD and TEM analysis, crystallization of several crystalline phases has been proved (α-Zn3B2O6, β-Zn3B2O6 and ZnNb2O6). By calculating crystal parameters, it was found that europium ions are successfully incorporated in the β-Zn3B2O6. Photo-luminescent spectra showed increased emission in the resulting glass-ceramic samples compared to the parent glass sample due to higher asymmetry of Eu3+ ions in the obtained crystalline phases. It was established that the optimum emission intensity is registered for glass-ceramic samples obtained after 25 h heat treatment of the parent glass.

Preparation of diopside-augite-based glass ceramics derived from magnesium slag and fly ash

Magnesium slag (MS) and fly ash (FA) are industrial wastes that must be utilized in a clean, effective, and massive method to avoid environmental pollution. In this study, the preparation of diopside-augite-based glass-ceramics was theoretically analyzed and experimentally conducted by disposal of MS and FA with chromium oxide (Cr2O3) as a nucleating agent. The thermodynamics analysis first indicated that pyroxene could be the main crystal phase of the target glass-ceramics for the co-utilization of both wastes. The experimental results indicated that the main phase in prepared glass-ceramics samples was diopside ([Ca(Mg, Fe, Al)(Si, Al)2O6], and the degree of glass network polymerization was enhanced with the FA in raw material increasing from 50 wt% to 65 wt%. Plus, the crystal size of the prepared glass-ceramics was gradually refined by increasing the FA. The optimized conditions were given as controlling nucleation at 790 °C for 2 h and crystallization at 929 °C for 2 h of the parent glass that derived from 40 wt% MS and 60 wt% FA as raw materials, 1 wt% Cr2O3 as nucleating agent. The resulting glass-ceramics had excellent properties and chemical stability, such as a density of 3.11 g cm−3, bending strength of 101.98 MPa, acid resistance of 98.34 %, and alkali resistance of 99.53 %. This study provided a route to produce eco-friendly glass-ceramics material for architectural decoration by high-efficiency utilization of MS and FA.

Experimental investigations on B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics with different K2O/Na2O ratios for sealing to Kovar alloy

This work studied the effects of the K2O/Na2O ratio on the viscosity of B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 parent glass and the microstructure, physical, and chemical properties of the resulting glass-ceramics after heat treatment. Additionally, the effect of sealing temperatures on the sealing strength of glass-ceramics-to-Kovar was studied. The results show that the viscosity of parent glass increases with the increase in the R (R=n(K2O)/[n(Na2O)+n(K2O)]) value, and the viscous activation energy of BAS parent glass is about 262.65–293.85 KJ/mol. After heat treatment, the parent glass precipitates the main crystalline phase of Al0.52Zr0.48O1.74 (PDF#53–0294) and ZrO2 (PDF#37–1484). As the R value gradually increases, the thermal expansion coefficient of glass-ceramics initially decreases before increasing within the range of 44.74×10−7 to 52.29×10−7 ℃−1. The density follows a similar trend, fluctuating between 2.40 and 2.45 g/cm3. Meanwhile, the resistivity of the glass-ceramics steadily increases from 1×1012.07 to 1×1014.82 Ω·cm. Moreover, the resistivity of GcN-3 (R=1/2) sample remains excellent at high temperatures, maintaining 3.94×109 Ω·cm at 600 ℃. Subsequently，the BAS glass-ceramics sample GcN-3 (R=1/2) was sealed with Kovar alloy at temperatures range from 930 to 970℃. With the increasing of sealing temperature, the sealing strength increased from 0.51 to 2.10 MPa. In the process of sealing, with the increase of temperature, the iron in the Kovar alloy and the silicon in the glass-ceramics diffused to produce effective sealing and formed different sealing layers. The sealing area was observed to consist of four distinct regions: the matrix alloy, the alloy iron-deficiency area, the iron-rich glass-ceramics and the matrix glass-ceramics.

Evaluation of lithium tetra borate glass-ceramics: Structural, physical and radiation safety properties using experimental and theoretical methods

By using the standard melt quenching method, samples of lithium borate glass-ceramics with a composition of 40Li2B4O7 + xLi2O +(50-x)NiO+5Gd2O3 + 5BaTiO3 (x = 10 (C1), 20 (C2), 30 (C3), 40 (C4) and 50 (C5) wt%) have been manufactured. The structural and physical characteristics of the prepared C1–C5 samples have been investigated. Using an Ultra Ge detector and a 133Ba (3 Ci) radioisotope source as well as theoretically using EpiXS software, the radiation shielding competence of the C1–C5 samples were examined. The XRD analysis showed large crystal particle sizes were formed in the C1 sample, where the amount of NiO in its structure was maximum and the amount of Li2O was minimum. The change in the NiO/Li2O ratio caused the crystal particle size in the structure to decrease. Additionally, it was observed that the particle size increased in the C4 structure. In addition, the C3 and C5 structures became completely amorphous. This doping in the structure caused the crystal structure of C3 and C5 to deteriorate. While increasing the amount of NiO in the structure gave positive results up to a certain value, increasing the Li2O structure disrupted the crystal structure. A range of 2.91–4.51 g/cm3 was observed in the density of the synthesized C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5 samples. The dense C1 sample proved to have the largest mass-attenuation coefficient (MAC). The results obtained from experiments agree with the theoretical ones. There are no differences in the trends of the MAC and linear attenuation (LAC) coefficient. For each given energy, the half-value layer (HVL) organized as (HVL)C5 > (HVL)C4 > (HVL)C3 > (HVL)C2 > (HVL)C1. Results revealed that glass-ceramics are one source of materials that can be used for radiation shielding.

Crystallization processes of rare-earth doped GdF3 nanocrystals in silicate glass matrix: Dimorphism and photoluminescence properties

Rare-earth doped GdF3 nanocrystals embedded in silica glassy matrix have been prepared by controlled crystallization of the xerogel; the influence of rare-earth ion (Pr, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Er, Yb) and additional Li-codopant on structural and optical properties was discussed. The precipitation of RE-doped GdF3 nanocrystalline phase is the result of Gd-trifluoracetate thermolysis revealed as a strong exothermic peak at around 300 °C. Structural analysis of RE-doped SiO2-GdF3 glass-ceramic sample calcined at 525 °C showed the occurrence of GdF3 nanocrystals of about 25 nm size, showing hexagonal or orthorombic structure depending on the RE-ion. Under UV-light excitation at 273 nm of Gd3+ ions (8S7/2 → 6I13/2,15/2 transition), photoluminescence spectra showed characteristic RE3+ luminescence due to the non-radiative energy transfer between the excited Gd3+ and acceptor RE ions; the highest energy transfer (≅ 80 %) was observed for Tb3+ and lowest (≅ 21 %) for Sm3+.

Radiation shielding, optical, structural, morphological, and thermal features for tellurite glass ceramics

A new series of tellurite glass-ceramic was prepared for potential utilization in the radiation shielding field. The thermal features of parent glasses were assessed to choose the best heat treatment technique. The morphological and structural properties of glass ceramics were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The UV absorption was utilized to calculate the optical features of glass ceramics. The shielding properties were computed based on the Phy-X software. The transformation of glasses to glass ceramics enhanced the density of all glass ceramics. XRD results exhibited an orthorhombic BaTeO3 crystalline phase for the TMSB0 and TMSB5 samples. It is proved that the monoclinic molybdenum tellurium oxide (Mo5TeO16) crystalline phase for TMSB10, TMSB15, and TMSB20 samples. Also, the change in crystalline phase resulted from adding MoO3 instead of TeO2. SEM results affirmed the role of MoO3 in improving the structure of glass ceramics. The thermal stability and weight loss of TMSB20 samples are higher than other glasses. Also, the adding MoO3 led to a slight enhancement in the radiation shielding properties of the prepared samples. Data indicate that adding MoO3 to the glasses enhanced the glass-ceramic samples' thermal, structural, and radiation protection properties.

Structural, morphological, optical, and radiation shielding properties for BaO–TeO2 glass ceramic modified with different oxides: Bi2O3, MoO3, MnO2, and TiO2

This study investigates the impact of different modifiers on the optical, structural, morphological, and radiation-shielding properties of BaO–TeO2 glass ceramics. Various physicochemical instruments were used to assess structure, morphological, and optical properties, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and UV–Vis. The photon protection features were computed theoretically based on the Phy-X program. The XRD results showed different main phases in glass ceramics samples; other secondary phases appeared in each sample. The morphological results affirm the formation of some crystallized and glassy states with heterogeneous agglomerations. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) values at 0.2835 MeV for BiBTGC, TiBTGC, MnBTGC, and MoBTGC samples are 1.427, 0.852, 0.870, and 0.952 cm−1, respectively. Based on this result, the BiBTGC and MoBTGC samples showed the best gamma and neutron radiation shielding performances, respectively. While TiBTGC and BiBTGC samples showed the highest and lowest charged particle shielding properties, respectively.

Structural features and crystallization of Na2O-Cs2O-B2O3-SiO2 glasses for radioactive waste immobilization

Borosilicate glasses have long been the preferred form for immobilizing high-level radioactive wastes. However, a significant drawback of glass-matrices involves the low rate of loading with radionuclides. One of the approaches to solving this problem envisages a multiphase glass system with crystalline inclusions. The present work aims to study model borosilicate glasses and glass-ceramics containing Cs atoms serving as a radionuclide simulator. Two approaches for the synthesis of glass-ceramics were used: directed crystallization, and pressing followed by annealing. The structure of initial borosilicate glasses and glass-ceramic samples obtained by these means was studied using Raman spectroscopy. An X-ray diffraction analysis was applied to identify crystalline phases. The morphology and composition of the crystalline phase was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The obtained results showed that the structure and properties of the synthesized glass-ceramic material is determined by the composition of initial glasses. Due to the ratio of modifying cations in glasses at a constant boron-to-silicon ratio, the crystalline phases identified in glass-ceramics are significantly affected by the anionic structure. The formation and growth of crystals was also established to be dependent on the technological scheme of synthesis.

Correlation of Electrical Conductivity and Microstructure with the Band Gap of Oxysulfide Glass-Ceramics for Na-Ion Battery

In the present investigation, a glass-ceramics with the composition of xNa2S + (100–x)P2S5, where x = 40, 45, 50 and 55, were successfully synthesized by employing the melt-quenching method. Comprehensive characterization of the glass-ceramic samples was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, impedance spectroscopy (IS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques. The XRD analysis revealed the presence of three distinct phases, namely NaPO3, Na2S2O3 and Na3PS4, in all samples. Significantly, NaPO3 and Na2S2O3 exhibited an orthorhombic crystal structure, while Na3PS4 displayed a tetragonal crystal structure. The densities of the synthesized samples fell within the range of 2.24 to 2.35 g/cc, surpassing those of Li2S-based solid electrolytes commonly used in portable devices. The band gap of the materials varied from 2.99 to 3.60 eV. Significantly, an inverse relationship between Na2S content (modifier) and band gap was observed, indicating a decrease in band gaps with increasing Na2S content. This phenomenon is beneficial for enhancing ionic conductivity. At ambient temperature, samples with x values of 50 and 55 demonstrated remarkable conductivity on the order of 10-4 S cm-1. Overall, the synthesized glass ceramics exhibit promising features, such as higher density compared to conventional Li2S-based solid electrolytes and favourable band gap values, suggesting their potential application in enhancing ionic conductivity for various electronic devices.