Gland Carcinoma Research Articles

Study of the anticancer potential of Cd complexes of selenazoyl-hydrazones and their sulfur isosters

The biological activity of Cd compounds has been investigated scarce since Cd has been recognized as a human carcinogen. However, the toxicity of cadmium is comparable to the toxicity of noble metals such as Pt and Pd. The paradigm of metal toxicity has been challenged suggesting that metal toxicity is not a constant property, yet it depends on many factors like the presence of appropriate ligands. Studies on anticancer activity of cadmium complexes showed that the complexation of various ligands resulted in complexes that showed better activities than approved drugs. In the present study, cadmium complexes with biologically potent thiazolyl/selenazoyl-hydrazone ligands have been prepared, and tested for their activity against different types of tumor cell models. The complexation of ligands with Cd(II) resulted in a synergistic effect. The antiproliferative activity study revealed that all complexes are more active compared to 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. The mechanism of tumor cell growth inhibition reveal that selenium-based compounds induce cell death in T-47D (gland carcinoma) cells through apoptosis via caspase-3/7 activation. Additionally, their pro-apoptotic effect was stronger compared to etoposide and cisplatin. Nuclease activity, detected by gel electrophoresis, may be the possible mechanism of anticancer action of investigated complexes.

Radical resection and reconstruction in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma in the minor salivary glands of the palate

BackgroundThis study evaluated the clinical outcomes of the patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the minor salivary glands of the palate.MethodsForty-four patients with stage I–II disease and 14 patients with stage III–IV disease underwent radical excision and reconstruction with a facial-submental artery island flap (FSAIF) and titanium mesh plus a free anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) and radiotherapy respectively. Patients with stage III–IV disease subsequently received cobalt Co 60 adjuvant radiotherapy. Ki-67 expression was determined semiquantitatively in 52 patients with ACC by based on the cytoplasm staining intensity and percentage of positively stained tumor cells.ResultsThe median (range) follow-up was 32.9 (14–58) months. Forty-one (71.7%) patients survived without disease recurrence. Nine patients (15.5%) survived with recurrent tumors (four with local recurrence, three with regional recurrence requiring salvage surgery, and two with distant metastasis); among these patients, five had overlapping recurrence. Eight patients (13.8%) died of regional, distant, or multiorgan metastasis (range: 22–42 months). The overall median (95% CI) survival time was 32.5 (25.0–39.5) months, and the median (95% CI) progression-free survival time was 32.9 (28.5–36.9) months. Rates of survival and recurrence differed significantly between patients with low- and high-grade tumors, patients with clinical stage I–II disease and those with stage III–IV disease, patients with and without lymph node metastasis, patients who underwent radical excision with versus without radiotherapy, and patients with low and high Ki-67 expression.ConclusionRadical resection and reconstruction with FSAIF is suitable methods for the the treatment of stage I–II ACC of the minor salivary glands of the palate. Stage III–IV tumors require radical resection, reconstruction with titanium mesh and free ALTF, and radiotherapy.

Lymphatic Drainage of Bartholin’s Gland in Fresh Adult Cadavers: Implications in Terms of Groin Surgery in Case of Bartholin’s Gland Carcinoma

Objective: To investigate the lymphatic drainage of Bartholin’s gland and its therapeutic implications in Bartholin’s gland carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from the anatomical study of ten fresh female cadavers with groin and pelvic dissections after lymphatic channel and node staining by injection of Lipiodol dye solution into Bartholin’s gland. Results: We distinguished three different lymphatic pathways: i) the superficial inguinal pathway, identified in 61.5% of cases, ii) the internal pudendal pathway (towards the pararectal fossa), identified in 30.8% of cases, and iii) the pelvic pathway, identified in 15.4% of cases, one after an inguinal pathway and the other following the labiocrural fold. No evidence of stained lymphatic structures was found in 31.6% of cases. The principal pathway was always ipsilateral. Conclusion: Ipsilateral groin lymphadenectomy offers the most effective ratio between oncological safety and surgery-related complications.

Sructural rearrangements of NTRK genes: characteristics, methods of detection and targeted therapy for cancer

Background. The first-generation trk inhibitors, larotrectinib and entrectinib, were approved by the u.s. Food and drug administration (Fda) for the treatment of advanced solid tumors harboring NTRK gene fusions in November 2018 and in august 2019, respectively. The purpose of the study was to present upto-date data on the structure and functions of ntrk genes, the frequency of occurrence of rearrangements with their participation, the consequences of their occurrence at the cellular level, methods of detecting such rearrangements, as well as targeted drugs used in the presence of chimeric NTRK genes. Material and methods. A systemic literature search was conducted in pubmed ncbi, Web of science, scopus databases. Results. The products of NTRK genes are receptors for neurotrophins, and their high expression is normally observed only in a narrow range of tissue types. Intrachromosomal or interchromosomal rearrangements lead to a significant increase in the level of expression of the chimeric gene regulated by the strong promoter of the partner gene. The high transcriptional activity of such a gene, along with the constant activation of the kinase activity of the protein product, leads to the activation of metabolic pathways responsible for cell escape from apoptosis and disruption of the regulation of the cell cycle. The occurrence of chimeric NTRK genes varies between different types of tumors, with the highest (up to 90 %) in rare cancers (secretory carcinoma of the breast, secretory carcinoma of the salivary glands, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, children’s fibrosarcoma). Larotrectinib and entrectinib are highly effective targeted drugs in suppressing the growth of a tumor carrying NTRK rearrangements, regardless of the type of tumor. In this regard, the introduction of new high-precision methods for the detection of chimeric NTRK genes, as well as the study of the mechanisms of the development of resistance with the assumption of ways to overcome it, seems relevant. Conclusion. Rearrangements of NTRK genes are quite common in various types of oncology and are an effective target for modern targeted drugs.

Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of 23 patients with secretory carcinoma of major salivary glands

This retrospective study investigated the clinicopathological characteristics of secretory carcinoma of salivary glands (SCSG) in 23 patients with histopathologically confirmed SCSG between January 2010 and December 2020. In total, 13 males and 10 females (ratio, 1.3:1) aged 10 − 69 years (median, 45 years) were enrolled in this study; the average disease duration was 2.44 years (0.25–20 years). Twenty-one patients (91.3%) had SCSG in the parotid gland, and two (8.7%) in the submandibular gland. All patients had single nodules of diameters 0.8–4.8 cm (average 2.6 cm); five with lymph node metastases, and two with distant metastases. Immunohistochemically, tumors stained positive for S-100, mammaglobin, CK7, GATA3 and pan-Trk, and negative for DOG1, P63, and calponin, with Ki-67 positivity from 1 to 50%. ETV6 gene rearrangement was confirmed in 15 patients. All patients underwent oncological resection, four had radioactive particles implanted postoperatively, one received chemotherapy, and seven underwent chemoradiotherapy. Six patients had regional recurrences, two distant metastases, and one died before the last follow-up. SCSGs are typically indolent, with a low locoregional recurrence rate and excellent survival. Prognosis is correlated to clinical stage, pathological grade, and surgical procedures.

Ex Vivo Drug Screening Informed Targeted Therapy for Metastatic Parotid Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

The purpose of ex vivo drug screening in the context of precision oncology is to serve as a functional diagnostic method for therapy efficacy modeling directly on patient-derived tumor cells. Here, we report a case study using integrated multiomics ex vivo drug screening approach to assess therapy efficacy in a rare metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. Tumor cells isolated from lymph node metastasis and distal subcutaneous metastasis were used for imaging-based single-cell resolution drug screening and reverse-phase protein array-based drug screening assays to inform the treatment strategy after standard therapeutic options had been exhausted. The drug targets discovered on the basis of the ex vivo measured drug efficacy were validated with histopathology, genomic profiling, and in vitro cell biology methods, and targeted treatments with durable clinical responses were achieved. These results demonstrate the use of serial ex vivo drug screening to inform adjuvant therapy options prior to and during treatment and highlight HER2 as a potential therapy target also in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the salivary glands.

Molecular mechanism underlying the apoptotic modulation by ethanol extract of Pseudolarix kaempferi in mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands

BackgroundPseudolarix kaempferi is a traditional Chinese natural product that possesses the potential cytotoxic effects against cancer. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying its cytotoxic effects has not yet been completely elucidated. Here, we clarify the mechanism via which the ethanol extract of P. kaempferi (EEPK) leads to cytotoxicity mediated by apoptosis in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) originating from the salivary glands.MethodsWe investigated the mechanism underlying the anticancer efficacy of EEPK in human MEC in vitro by assessing mitochondrial dysfunction, mRNA levels, and morphological changes in apoptotic cell nuclei as well as by using a cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometric analysis, and western blotting.ResultsEEPK inhibited the growth of two human MEC cells and stimulated the induction of caspase-mediated apoptosis that was accompanied by mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Compared with the vehicle control groups, EEPK decreased myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) expression in both cells whereas it significantly decreased B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression in MC3 cells only. The EEPK-induced altered Mcl-1 expression was caused by translational inhibition and proteasomal degradation. Additionally, EEPK significantly increased p-Bcl-2 (Ser70) expression regardless of its total forms by facilitating the activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, which exhibited cell context dependency. Nevertheless, JNK activation following EEPK treatment was, at least in part, required for the proapoptotic efficacy of EEPK in both cells.ConclusionsThis study revealed that EEPK-induced alterations of Mcl-1 inhibition and JNK/Bcl-2 phosphorylation cause apoptosis and provided basic preclinical data for future clinical trials regarding therapy for patients with MEC.Graphic abstract

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Salivary Glands – A Duplet of Cases

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Salivary Glands – A Duplet of Cases

Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy with Carbon Ion Radiotherapy Boost for Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Salivary Glands.

Simple SummaryAcinic cell carcinoma is a rare disease treated usually by surgery. The role of radiotherapy is controversially discussed. In this retrospective analysis based on 15 patients undergoing postoperative or definitive radiotherapy (intensity-modulated radiotherapy, IMRT) with carbon ion radiotherapy boost leads to excellent results after R1-resection, and is a promising treatment modality in inoperable patients. G1-2 xerostomia, dysgeusia, and trismus were the main reported morbidity symptoms after radiotherapy. Confirmation of the results with larger patient cohorts is needed.Aim: to report clinical outcome in patients with acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary glands treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) boost. Materials and Methods: all patients with acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary glands treated at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center were considered for this retrospective analysis. All patients received a CIRT boost with 18–24 Gy radiobiologic effectiveness (RBE)-weighted dose in 3 Gy RBE-weighted dose per fraction followed by IMRT, with 50–54 Gy in 2 Gy per fraction. Disease outcome was evaluated for local (LR), nodal (NR), distant recurrence (DR), and disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Morbidity was scored based on Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5. Descriptive statistics and the Kaplan-Meier method were used for analysis. Results: fifteen patients were available for analysis. Median follow-up after radiotherapy was 43 months. Six patients were treated for primary disease and nine for recurrent disease. Eight patients were treated with radiotherapy for macroscopic disease. Disease recurrence was observed in four patients: 1 LR, 2 NR, and 2 DR; 5-year local control, DFS, and OS were 80%, 52%, and 80%, respectively. No radiotherapy-related G3-5 morbidity was observed. Conclusion: In acinic cell carcinoma, IMRT with carbon ion radiotherapy boost leads to excellent results after R1-resection and is a promising treatment modality for definitive treatment in inoperable patients.

OC-0572: Treatment outcome of 207 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the major salivary glands.

OC-0572: Treatment outcome of 207 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the major salivary glands.

Effects of Concentrated Growth Factor and Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis on the Prognosis of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland

Introduction: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a common salivary gland malignancy. As studies reported on large cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid glands are few, this paper aims to research the effects of clinical and pathological factors, such as applying concentrated growth factor (CGF) on repairing and cervical lymph node metastasis, on the prognosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland.
 Methods: The retrospective analysis of prognostic factors was conducted based on 176 cases with mucoepidermoidcarcinoma of the parotid gland, who received treatment at the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College during the period of March 2000 to March 2012.
 Results: The Five-year overall survival rate was 75.57%, while the Five-year tumor-free survival rate was 64.77%. Univariate analysis showed that the influential factors for the prognosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland included surgical approach, tumor size, clinical stage, pathological grade, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis, etc; among which pathological grade, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis were indicated by multivariate analysis to be the independent risk factors.
 Conclusion: The survival rate of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland is relatively high. Lymph node metastasis, pathological grade, and distant metastasis are the independent risk factors that affect the prognosis of patients with mucous epidermis carcinoma of the parotid gland.

A case of Bartholin's gland malignancy: A rare diagnosis

Objective: Bartholin’s gland carcinoma is rare. It may arise from the duct or gland proper and thus may be a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or adenocarcinoma. Delays in treatment are not uncommon because of misdiagnosis as a cyst or abscess. Bartholin’s gland cancers have a poorer prognosis than SCC vulva, and thus timely and appropriate treatment is key.

Identity Crisis - Common Tumors in Exceptional Locations, A Case Series

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) accounts for only 5% of all salivary gland tumors and is most often seen in the parotid glands. MEC occurrence in the larynx is, however, rare. The incidence of primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of salivary glands is also scarce and comprises only about 1.6% of all salivary gland malignancies. Hereby, we share our experience in managing two patients with rare and opposite variants of malignancy which were diagnosed at the same time; MEC of the larynx and SCC of the parotid. In MEC tumors, the presence of the intermediate and mucous cells with positivity in mucicarmine stain are the significant features. For SCC tumors, identification of the usual tumor markers (p40, CK 5/6 and p63) are pathognomonic. Although MEC and SCC are common in the head and neck regions, the existence of these malignancies in exceptional locations must be considered. The key features mentioned in our comparison table can help distinguish both these tumors and to deliver the correct treatment modalities. The prevalence of genomic and carcinogenic factors in the occurrence of these tumors in uncommon locations needs to be explored in future studies.

ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA OF SALIVARY GLANDS: CLINICOPATHOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF 44 CASES

Objectives To evaluate clinicopathologic parameters of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of salivary glands. Study Design Cross-sectional and observational research. The sample consisted of 44 cases of ACC diagnosed between 2008 and 2016 at a reference hospital in oncology. Clinical parameters (age, sex, anatomic site, tumor size, locoregional metastasis, distant metastasis, clinical staging, recurrence, and survival) were obtained from medical records. Morphologic classification was performed according to Szanto et al. (1984) (cribriform, tubular, and solid) and Weert et al. (2015) (solid/nonsolid). Results ACC represented 8.2% (n = 44) of 531 salivary gland tumors. Mean age of the patients was 53 years. ACC was more frequent in women (n = 29; 59%), major salivary glands (n = 26; 59.1%), and advanced clinical stages III/IV (n = 30; 68.2%). Cribriform (n = 30; 71.4%) and nonsolid (n = 39; 88.6%) pattern were the most frequent. Index of ACC without recurrence was higher (n = 32; 72.7%). Locoregional and distant metastasis occurred in 34% (n = 15) and 13.6% (n = 6) of patients, respectively. Overall survival was ± 42.7 months. Conclusions It is possible to observe that ACC is a very rare and aggressive malignant neoplasia, being diagnosed in advanced clinical stages and with global survival around 5 years. Support: FAPEG 201710267000510.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the hard palate in a 9-year-old girl (clinical case)

The objective of the work is to demonstrate the signs of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the minor salivary glands in pediatric patients on a clinical example.Clinical case. In August 2017, a girl of 9 years old appeared in the area of the right half of the hard palate. The dentist at the place of residence diagnosed an abscess in the area of the hard palate, performed the lancing and drainage of the “abscess”, prescribed antibiotic therapy. After 3.5 months (in December 2017), hyperemia and an increase in the volume of the mucous membrane reappeared in the same zone. Reapplied to the dentist. The girl was sent to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, where the hard palate formation was removed on 23.01.2018; according to histological examination a highly differentiated tumor of the hard palate was diagnosed. The girl was sent for a consultation to the N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, where histological preparations were reviewed: a fragment of the mucous membrane of the hard palate covered with squamous epithelium, with the growth of low-grade mucoepidermoid cancer (from the minor salivary glands of the hard palate). A biopsy of the postoperative scar 3 mm long and of the formation of a hard palate 1 mm in diameter was performed; during histological examination of the biopsy material tumor cells were not detected (the material was represented by fibrous tissue). Despite the biopsy results, taking into account the medical history, the results of a review of histological preparations, the rarity and high aggressiveness of the tumor, poor prognosis for relapse, lack of data for regional and distant metastases, at the concilium it was accepted the decision to conduct repeated surgery. In the Surgical Department No. 1 of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology on 13.03.2018 a resection of the hard palate was performed with plastic surgery of the defect with a mixed skin-muscle flap on the vascular pedicle.Conclusion. Mucoepidermoid cancer of the minor salivary glands of the hard palate in children and adolescents can be manifested by the presence of a slowly growing, painless, pale blue tumor. For a correct clinical and morphological diagnosis, a biopsy of the tumor is necessary, further the removal of the tumor is recommended with resection of the hard palate, in view of the high risk of tumor spreading in the thickness of the bone.

Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Major Salivary Glands: Analysis of Prognostic Factors in 2,950 patients

Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Major Salivary Glands: Analysis of Prognostic Factors in 2,950 patients

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of salivary glands: histological and immunohistochemical features

PROPOSITO: Recientemente, en el ano 2010, Skalova et al describieron un tumor de glandulas salivales de baja malignidad, el carcinoma secretorio analogo mamario (CSAM), con caracteristicas moleculares, microscopicas e inmunohistoquimicas similares al carcinoma secretorio de la mama. Antes de su descubrimiento fue interpretado como carcinoma de celulas acinares (CCA) por sus similitudes morfologicas. En este estudio presentamos un caso de CSAM de glandula parotida izquierda diagnosticado por su morfologia con el soporte de la inmunohistoquimica (IHQ). METODOS Y RESULTADOS: Paciente varon de 60 anos sin antecedentes patologicos de importancia con un nodulo asintomatico de parotida izquierda de 5 anos de evolucion, que consulta por aumento de tamano del mismo, dolor y eritema de la piel. Se realizo parotidectomia total. La biopsia postoperatoria se estudio con H/E y se realizo inmunomarcacion con mamaglobina, S100 y DGO1. Ki67 para analizar su capacidad proliferativa. El estudio histologico demostro la presencia de areas micro y macroquisticas, quistico-papilares y solidas. Se observaron celulas claras con citoplasma vacuolado o granular con eosinofilia debil y celulas semejantes a histiocitos. La atipia celular estaba ausente. La marcacion inmunohistoquimica resulto positiva para mamaglobina y S100 y negativa para DGO1. En cuanto a Ki 67 se observo una reaccion nuclear positiva con un porcentaje del 10%. CONCLUSIONES: El CSAM es una entidad aun no informada en la literatura odontologica. Es importante conocer sus caracteristicas microscopicas, sus criterios diagnosticos, comportamiento clinico y pronostico. Para su diagnostico diferencial se deben considerar el CCA y el carcinoma intraductal de bajo grado.

Abstract 1757: Spectrum of BAP1 mutations identified in diverse cancer lineages

Abstract Background: Germline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene, BAP1, a deubiquitylase that regulates key cellular pathways, are associated with a recently-described tumor predisposition syndrome characterized by early onset benign melanocytic skin tumors, and a significant risk of cancers that include mesothelioma, cutaneous and uveal melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and cholangiocarcinoma. Somatic or germline BAP1 mutations have been associated with an aggressive course and a poor prognosis in RCC and cholangiocarcinoma and may render the cancer cells more sensitive to HDAC inhibitors or Parp inhibitors. We investigated types and frequencies of BAP1 mutations in a large cohort of diverse malignancies and their associations with other molecular/genomic characteristics. Methods: A total of 9782 tumor samples from over 40 cancer types were molecularly profiled at Caris Life Sciences by next generation sequencing (Illumina NextSeq platform and Agilent SureSelect XT panel, 592 genes). Microsatellite instability (MSI) was tested by PCR and fragment analysis (Promega MSI Analysis System). Results: A pathogenic somatic or germline BAP1 mutation was identified in 20 cancer types, with a total of 129 tumors with mutations found (1.3% prevalence). As expected, BAP1 mutations were frequently seen in uveal melanoma (50% or 24 in 48), malignant pleural mesothelioma (29% or 6 in 21), RCC (8% or 12 in 150), cholangiocarcinoma (6.6% or 13 in 196), and cutaneous melanoma (2.2% or 7 in 319). In addition, pathogenic BAP1 mutations were detected in carcinomas arising in parotid gland (10.3% or 3 in 29), anus (8.3% or 3 in 36), cervix (3.4% or 4 in 117), stomach (3.3%, or 6 in 180), head and neck (1 in 97 or 1%), lung (14 in 1590 or 0.9%), and breast (0.8% or 7 in 887). A mutation was also noted in a meningioma (1 in 43) and a uterine sarcoma (1 in 96). Variants of BAP1 (pathogenic, presumed pathogenic, and variants of unknown significance) were more often seen in MSI-high tumors (compared to MSS) in both colorectal (12/61 vs. 18/1003) and endometrial carcinomas (5 of 69 vs. 5 of 321; both p<0.01). It was not determined whether the BAP1 mutations were somatic or germline in origin. Conclusions: The study confirmed the presence of pathogenic BAP1 mutations in carcinomas commonly associated with BAP1 germline and somatic mutations. It also identified BAP1 mutations in additional cancer types (parotid gland, anal and cervical carcinomas), as well as its association with MSI-H cancers (colon and endometrium). Evaluation of mutations in non-cancerous tissues is underway to determine if these novel cancer associations are related to germline predisposition. Citation Format: Zoran Gatalica, Joanne Xiu, Jeffrey Swensen, Wangjuh Chen. Spectrum of BAP1 mutations identified in diverse cancer lineages [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1757. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1757

Tumors of the eyelid - a histopathological study at tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Background and objective: Eyelid growth is a common clinical condition presented to ophthalmologists. Accurate diagnosis of eyelid tumors is necessary to guide ophthalmologists to design optimal management. We carried out the study to assess the histopathological types of different eyelid growth in tertiarycare hospitals of Dhaka city.Methods: This is a cross sectional study performed at the Department of Pathology of Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Samples were collected from hospitals of SSMC and National Institute of Ophthalmology (NIO), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Study period was from January 2012 to December 2013. A total of 93 cases with eyelid growth of both sex were enrolled in the study. After obtaining informed written consent, tumors were excised by the ophthalmologist and the specimens were collected in 10% formalin for histopathological examination.Results: A total of 93 cases of eyelid lesions were examined. The most common age group affected was between 26-50yrs (50.54%). Mean age was 43.22±17.42 (range 19 – 90 years). Gender distribution of the patients was almost equal (male 51.6%, female 48.4%). Neoplastic lesions were found in 86 cases (92.47%) and non neoplastic growth was present in 7 (7.53%) cases. Benign, pre-malignant and malignant tumors were found in 52 (55.91%), 01(1.08%) and 33(35.48%) cases respectively. Among the malignant lesions, basal cell carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor (36.4%) followed by sebaceous gland and squamous cell carcinoma (27.3%). Nevus was the most common benign lesions (26.9%) followed by sudoriferous cyst (19.2%) and haemangioma (15.4%).Conclusions: All the eyelid lesions removed surgically should be examined histopathologically to establish the correct diagnosis. Accurate diagnosis of specific tumors is important for proper treatment and favorable prognosis.IMC J Med Sci 2017; 11(1): 5-10

Bulbar conjunctival metastasis from mucoepidermoid carcinoma of parotid\u2014a case report and review of literature

BackgroundMucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands usually metastasizes to the lungs, liver, bone, brain, and skin. We report a rare case of distant metastasis of high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid to the ipsilateral bulbar conjunctiva of the eye.Case presentationSixty-year-old male of Kashmiri origin presented to our tertiary care referral cancer institute with exophytic lesion of the left bulbar conjunctiva following his treatment for mucoepidermoid cancer of ipsilateral parotid gland, 9 months back. The lesion was biopsied and reported as high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Radiological imaging showed no other site of recurrence. The patient underwent orbital exenteration and final histopathological evaluation reported the lesion as mucoepidermoid carcinoma.ConclusionsDistal metastasis from mucoepidermoid carcinoma to bulbar conjunctiva is very rare and to the best of our knowledge has not been previously reported.