Give Background Information Research Articles

Hyperlink usage in local news websites in Azerbaijan

This paper analyzes one of the elements of the digital content-hyperlink issue in digital journalism. Firstly, the main definition of hyperlinks is given. Then hypertext content on several local news websites is analyzed and hyperlink usage in local news websites in Azerbaijan is described through empirical study. A study of the top 5 local news websites shows that hyperlink usage is not so widespread among tested websites. Moreover, the main issue here is data even how wrong can be hyperlinks used. For example, most of the time we can go just to the same page, or to the homepage of the current website by clicking on the hyperlink. This is meaningless, and not an ethical approach to the audience as well. In addition, the article attempts to interpret an online academic survey conducted among local news website journalists to know their hypertext habits, skills, understandings, and so on. Results show that general awareness of hyperlink usage exists among the survey participants, and they mainly use this technique to refer to external sources, or just to give background information.

Analysing a campaign as a lens to the future: A case study

On 31st December, 2021, North Carolina State University concluded a successful, nearly ten-year US$2.1bn fundraising campaign, breaking past both the initial US$1.6bn goal and the US$2bn stretch goal. Simultaneous with celebrating their success, the institution looked back at donor behaviour across its campaign period for insights to leverage in future advancement operations. This paper analyses the reviewing of donor behaviour in NCSU’s ‘Think and Do’ campaign. The paper starts by giving background information and then presents the findings. By analysing donor behaviour throughout the campaign, NCSU discovered how institution-specific priorities allowed leadership to strategise around the next campaign, as well as how alumni and donors can best be reached.

TOURIST SATISFACTION WITH THE QR CODES ON STREET ART IN SONGKHLA OLD TOWN, THAILAND

Quick Response code or QR code is a type of bar code that is used widely in many organizations including in tourism to provide various information. This study aims to investigate tourists’ expectations of information provided by QR codes and to study tourists’ satisfaction with QR codes on Street Art in Songkhla old town, Thailand. Quantitative research design was employed in this study. 100 Thai and non-Thai respondents from each of the two phases of data collection answered each set of two questionnaires. Majority of the tourists responded for the need of QR codes to represent Street Art paintings in Songkhla old town as they would like to know the meaning of the paintings in more detail. The language used in QR codes should be English and Thai. The majority of the tourists showed satisfaction with QR code as information sources for Street Art paintings in terms of design, codes’ easy usage, and its accessibility which is not complicated. The results of this study can facilitate travelers’ rapid and easy access to tourism information. The QR codes can improve tourists’ experience by giving background information behind each painting related to history, culture and local ways of life. It helps both tourists and locals to discover more information about the cultural heritage they inherited and to enhance their awareness of heritage preservation. Tourism stakeholders and policy makers also benefit from this study as the information can be used to develop the QR codes for other tourist destinations. Additionally, street art plays an important role in creating creativity in the city and contributes in promoting Songkhla Old Town. It is considered as a tool to drive the local economy.

The Climatic Impact-Driver Framework for Assessment of Risk-Relevant Climate Information.

The climate science and applications communities need a broad and demand-driven concept to assess physical climate conditions that are relevant for impacts on human and natural systems. Here, we augment the description of the "climatic impact-driver" (CID) approach adopted in the Working Group I (WGI) contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report. CIDs are broadly defined as "physical climate system conditions (e.g., means, events, and extremes) that affect an element of society or ecosystems. Depending on system tolerance, CIDs and their changes can be detrimental, beneficial, neutral, or a mixture of each across interacting system elements and regions." We give background information on the IPCC Report process that led to the development of the 7 CID types (heat and cold, wet and dry, wind, snow and ice, coastal, open ocean, and other) and 33 distinct CID categories, each of which may be evaluated using a variety of CID indices. This inventory of CIDs was co-developed with WGII to provide a useful collaboration point between physical climate scientists and impacts/risk experts to assess the specific climatic phenomena driving sectoral responses and identify relevant CID indices within each sector. The CID Framework ensures that a comprehensive set of climatic conditions informs adaptation planning and risk management and may also help prioritize improvements in modeling sectoral dynamics that depend on climatic conditions. CIDs contribute to climate services by increasing coherence and neutrality when identifying and communicating relevant findings from physical climate research to risk assessment and planning activities.

An SMT solver for non-linear real arithmetic inside maple

We report on work-in-progress to create an SMT-solver inside Maple for non-linear real arithmetic (NRA). We give background information on the algorithm being implemented: cylindrical algebraic coverings as a theory solver in the lazy SMT paradigm. We then present some new work on the identification of minimal conflicting cores from the coverings.

Combined Business Tax Statistics 2016 of the Federal Statistical Office of Germany – A Micro Data Set for Scientific Use

Abstract This article aims to give background information of the combined business tax statistics 2016 of the Federal Statistical Office of Germany. The micro data set includes the different German business tax statistics, which are linked together (i.e. trade tax statistics, corporate income tax statistics, turnover tax statistics, statistics on business partnerships and associations as well as additional information of the statistical business register). With more than three million businesses the micro data set provides linked information on the German business structure and is available in anonymised form for scientific use at the Research Data Centre of the Federal Statistical Office.

A Comprehensive View on the Quercetin Impact on Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third type of cancer in incidence and second in mortality worldwide, with the newly diagnosed case number on the rise. Among the diagnosed patients, approximately 70% have no hereditary germ-line mutations or family history of pathology, thus being termed sporadic CRC. Diet and environmental factors are to date considered solely responsible for the development of sporadic CRC; therefore; attention should be directed towards the discovery of preventative actions to combat the CRC initiation, promotion, and progression. Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid plant secondary metabolite with a well-characterized antioxidant activity. It has been extensively reported as an anti-carcinogenic agent in the scientific literature, and the modulated targets of quercetin have been also characterized in the context of CRC, mainly in original research publications. In this fairly comprehensive review, we summarize the molecular targets of quercetin reported to date in in vivo and in vitro CRC models, while also giving background information about the signal transduction pathways that it up- and downregulates. Among the most relevant modulated pathways, the Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, MAPK/Erk, JNK, or p38, p53, and NF-κB have been described. With this work, we hope to encourage further quests in the elucidation of quercetin anti-carcinogenic activity as single agent, as dietary component, or as pharmaconutrient delivered in the form of plant extracts.

Adolescent attachment to parents and peers in singletons and twins born with assisted and natural conception.

STUDY QUESTIONDoes adolescent attachment to parents and peers differ between singletons and twins born with ART or natural conception (NC)?SUMMARY ANSWERAdolescent attachment anxiety with the father was higher among NC singletons than among ART and NC twins, whereas attachment avoidance with the father was higher in ART singletons than in NC singletons and NC twins. No differences were found in attachment to the mother, best friend or romantic partner.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADYMost studies have not found differences between ART and NC singletons in parent–adolescent relationships, but twin relationships may be more at risk. No previous study has examined all four groups in the same study, or specifically looked at attachment relationships.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATIONThis was an 18-year, prospective and controlled longitudinal study with families of 496 ART singletons, 101 ART twin pairs, 476 NC singletons and 22 NC twin pairs. Families were recruited during the second trimester of pregnancy; the ART group was recruited from five infertility clinics in Finland and the control group was recruited from a hospital outpatient clinic during a routine visit.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODSMothers and fathers gave background information for this study during pregnancy, and during the child’s first year and early school age (7–8 years). For the ART group, infertility characteristics and prenatal medical information was also obtained from the patient registry of the infertility clinics. Children (originally 50% girls) filled in electronic questionnaires related to their attachment to mother, father, best friend and romantic partner (Experiences in Close Relationships—Relationship Structures) at 17–19 years of age.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCEAdolescent attachment anxiety to father was higher in NC singletons than in ART twins, P = 0.004 and marginally higher than in NC twins, P = 0.06. Adolescent attachment avoidance to father was higher in ART singletons than in NC singletons, P = 0.006 and marginally higher than in NC twins, P = 0.055.LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTIONThe sample size was small especially in the NC twin group and there was drop-out over the 18-year time period, especially among boys and families with lower parental education level. The study only included native Finnish-speaking families. The results could differ in a more diverse population. ART singletons were younger and had fewer siblings than ART twins and NC children, and ART and NC twins had more newborn health risks than ART and NC singletons.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGSThe study adds to a growing body of evidence that neither ART treatments nor being a twin places mother–child relationships or peer relationships at long-term risk. However, in our study, which was the first to examine both ART and twinhood simultaneously, we found that there may be more problems in father–adolescent relationships, but only in ART singletons and only related to attachment avoidance. Our findings suggest that men, as well as women, should receive enough support in pre- and peri-natal health care during and after infertility treatments.STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)This study was funded by Academy of Finland (grant number 2501308988), the Juho Vainio Foundation and the Finnish Cultural Foundation. The authors report no conflict of interest.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERN/A.

Thrust measurement and thrust balance development at DLR\u2019s electric propulsion test facility

Electric space propulsion thrusters only produce low thrust forces. For the fulfillment of a space mission this implies long thruster runtimes, and this entails long qualification times on ground. For such long testing times, a ground facility requires a vacuum chamber and a powerful pumping system which can guarantee high vacuum over extended times and under thruster gas load. DLR’s STG-ET is such a ground test facility. It has a high pumping capability for the noble gases typically used as propellants. One basic diagnostic tool is a thrust measurement device, among various other diagnostic systems required for electric propulsion testing, e.g. beam diagnostics. At DLR we operate a thrust balance developed by the company AST with a thrust measurement range of 250 mN and capable of thruster weights up to 40 kg. Adversely, it is a bulky and heavy device and all upgrades and qualification work needs to be done in a large vacuum chamber. In order to have a smaller device at hand a second thrust stand is under development at DLR. The idea is to have a light and compact balance that could also be placed in one of the smaller DLR vacuum chambers. Furthermore, the calibration is more robust and the whole device is equipped with a watercooled housing. First tests are promising and showed a resolution well below 1 mN. In this paper we give background information about the chamber, describe the basics of thrust measurement and the development of a new balance.

Speech Acts as a Tool of Change in Religious Complimentary Messages of Selected Pentecostal Churches

This work examined the way language operates in the domain of religious discourse. The way and manner in which language was manipulated to produce impact by notable clerics in their messages was examined. This study set out to investigate the types of speech acts that characterize the language of religious complimentary messages. The research applied the speech acts theory by Searle, 1969 as the theoretical framework. The data for the analysis comprised of the complimentary messages by four (4) general overseers of four (4) churches, namely: The Redeemed Christian Church, The Living Faith Church AKA Winners Church and The Living spring Chapel International. The study discovered that commissives dominated the texts as the messages were characterised by predictions, prophecies and promises to give hope and anticipation for better things. This is followed by the representatives in the degree of occurrence because it is used to give background information and explanation with the use of sub acts of stating, informing, reporting, affirming etc. This is followed by the expressive, declarations and directives respectively The study concluded that the clerics have skilfully manipulated linguistic and rhetorical resources to pass messages to the people and to assure and motivate them to a change of lifestyle and better way of life in the society.

Speech Acts Analysis on President Joko Widodo's Cinematic Reference Speeches Texts

This research aims to describe the types of speech acts that Jokowi delivered in his selected speeches, Jokowis reasons for committing illocutionary acts seen from the context of the situation behind the speeches, and the prospective perlocutionary effects of the dominant illocutionary acts found in Jokowis speeches.This is a descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this research are President Jokowis speeches texts which contain cinematic references at the World Economic Forum on ASEAN in Hanoi, Vietnam, September 12, 2018 and at the plenary session of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank Annual Meetings in Nusa Dua Bali, Indonesia, October 12, 2018.The primary sources of this research are the videos of President Jokowi speeches which were taken from the official YouTube channel of The Ministry of State of the Republic of Indonesia and World Bank. The data are the speeches transcripts which were used to ease the analysis of this research. The main instrument in this research is the researcher herself. The second instrument is the data sheets which were utilized as supporting instrument to accomplish the research. Watching, listening, reading, and note taking technique were employed to collect the data.The data analysis was performed by classifying the selected data into the data sheets which contain the speech acts classification proposed by Austin (1962) and Searle (2005) then calculated the occurrence frequency of each type of speech acts in order to identify the dominant ones. Each type was carefully observed to find the answer of the second and third research questions according to the concept of context, felicity condition, political discourse, and cinematic reference.The research findings show that the locutionary acts found in Jokowis speeches texts is declarative as it has a total percentage 86% while 11% is interrogative and 3% is imperative.Illocutionary acts consist of 55% of assertive which is followed by directive, expressive, and commissive which occurred respectively 26%, 17%, and 2%. Perlocutionary acts consist of 27% of Hearer is doing somethingwhich is followed by Hearer is impressed (24%), Hearer is convinced (17%), Hearer is attracted (11%), Hearer feels irritated (7%), Hearer feels frightened (6%)and Hearer is inspired (3%).The reasons of presenting illocutionary acts include giving background information why change has to be made since he realized that the world has change, convincing the audiences who are the prior policy makers among developing countries to immediately agree for a global economic cooperation, and showing his optimism of economic equality among nations through the fourth industrial revolution.The prospective perlocutionary effects include providing the inspiration for other countries to boost policies related to human resource development program and technology-based creative economy, agreeing to the idea of building a collective power, and promoting collaboration and partnership among nations. Keywords: President Jokowi, Speech Acts, Cinematic Reference,LocutionaryActs, IllocutionaryActs, PerlocutionaryActs.

SPEECH ACTS ANALYSIS ON PRESIDENT JOKO WIDODOS CINEMATIC REFERENCE SPEECHES TEXTS

This research aims to describe the types of speech acts that Jokowi delivered in his selected speeches, Jokowis reasons for committing illocutionary acts seen from the context of the situation behind the speeches, and the prospective perlocutionary effects of the dominant illocutionary acts found in Jokowis speeches.This is a descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this research are President Jokowis speeches texts which contain cinematic references at the World Economic Forum on ASEAN in Hanoi, Vietnam, September 12, 2018 and at the plenary session of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank Annual Meetings in Nusa Dua Bali, Indonesia, October 12, 2018.The primary sources of this research are the videos of President Jokowi speeches which were taken from the official YouTube channel of The Ministry of State of the Republic of Indonesia and World Bank. The data are the speeches transcripts which were used to ease the analysis of this research. The main instrument in this research is the researcher herself. The second instrument is the data sheets which were utilized as supporting instrument to accomplish the research. Watching, listening, reading, and note taking technique were employed to collect the data.The data analysis was performed by classifying the selected data into the data sheets which contain the speech acts classification proposed by Austin (1962) and Searle (2005) then calculated the occurrence frequency of each type of speech acts in order to identify the dominant ones. Each type was carefully observed to find the answer of the second and third research questions according to the concept of context, felicity condition, political discourse, and cinematic reference.The research findings show that the locutionary acts found in Jokowis speeches texts is declarative as it has a total percentage 86% while 11% is interrogative and 3% is imperative.Illocutionary acts consist of 55% of assertive which is followed by directive, expressive, and commissive which occurred respectively 26%, 17%, and 2%. Perlocutionary acts consist of 27% of Hearer is doing somethingwhich is followed by Hearer is impressed (24%), Hearer is convinced (17%), Hearer is attracted (11%), Hearer feels irritated (7%), Hearer feels frightened (6%)and Hearer is inspired (3%).The reasons of presenting illocutionary acts include giving background information why change has to be made since he realized that the world has change, convincing the audiences who are the prior policy makers among developing countries to immediately agree for a global economic cooperation, and showing his optimism of economic equality among nations through the fourth industrial revolution.The prospective perlocutionary effects include providing the inspiration for other countries to boost policies related to human resource development program and technology-based creative economy, agreeing to the idea of building a collective power, and promoting collaboration and partnership among nations. Keywords: President Jokowi, Speech Acts, Cinematic Reference,LocutionaryActs, IllocutionaryActs, PerlocutionaryActs.

Architectural design approach for morphing smart cities in Mexico

This academic work aims to provide an intricate definition of the terms at hand as well as explain the relationship between smart cities and the sustainable development that they present based on a comparative analysis of case studies and experiences in the Mexican context. The endeavour to achieve being an architectural proposal of an innovative solution adapted to current conditions that will be carried out by an academic team, thus incorporating sustainable criteria, universal accessibility and social inclusion. This research work reflects the theoretical aspect, providing an intricate academic reflection and giving background information also establishing the complexity that lies within Latin American metropolis emphasizing in Mexican cities, as to provide insight into the academic dynamics in order to educate professionals on the field from an updated perspective in which they´ll be able to determine and analyse the implementation of smart cities from an architectural standpoint and the impact they would have on the quality of urban life in those Mexican cities.

Mentalexo approach for diagnosis of psychiatric disorders

IntroductionPsychiatric disorders cause a high burden of disease and disability for the society. Liquid biopsies provide potent opportunities for screening programs, diagnosis, prognostic stratification and treatment monitorization. Previously, the liquid biopsy studies were mainly focused on the several malignancies without proper screen methods, but this approach has also a strong potential for decreasing disease burden in CNS pathologies. The main restriction for the diagnosis of CNS diseases is the lack of the methods to receive biochemical/functional information form a tightly enveloped compartment. The hypothesis/theoryIn this proposal, we aim to develop a fast and cheap diagnostic platform based on the detection of exosomes originating from the central nervous system (CNS) cells. We intended to develop a sensor device with minimum maintenance costs, which is highly specific and sensitive for psychiatric diseases. Evaluation of the hypothesis/ideaIn order to give background information for our proposal; we began with reviewing the concept of liquid biopsies and adaptation of this concept for psychiatric disorders. Then we discussed the conventional and novel methods for the detection of extracellular vesicles (EV). Furthermore, we discussed the detection of exosomes originating from central nervous system and methods analyzing the content of the EVs. Additionally, we reviewed the imaging techniques for detection and visualization of EVs. Empirical dataWe used in silico research tools (MetaCore™ version 6.37, Clarivate Analytics, and ExoCarta database) to detect appropriate disease specific exosomal markers. We proposed our design for the detection of EVs based on the immune-capture of EVs and detection of surface antigens via the antibody conjugated fluorophores. We also proposed a design to increase the channels for detection of exosomal antigens by using bioinformatics methods, including pathway networks, RDOC matrices and exosome databases which we called “Mentalexo” approach. We applied this approach on depression and addiction disorders in order to find appropriate exosomal markers. Consequences of the hypothesis and discussionWe believe that our proposal may contribute to the conception of new diagnostic devices focusing on the detection of exosomes in psychiatric conditions.

From Hopf algebras to topological quantum groups. A short history, various aspects and some problems

Quantum groups have been studied within several areas of mathematics and mathematical physics. This has led to different approaches, each of them with their own techniques and conventions. Starting with Hopf algebras, where there is a general consensus, moving in the direction of topological quantum groups, where there is no such consensus, it is easy to get lost. Not only many difficulties have to be overcome, but also several choices must be made. The way this is done is often confusing. Some choices even turn out to be rather annoying. As an introductory lecture at the conference on Topological quantum groups and Hopf algebras in 2016, we have explained these choices, difficulties and annoyances, encountered on the road from Hopf algebras to topological quantum groups. In these notes, we discuss more aspects of the development of locally compact quantum groups. We not only explain some of these difficulties in greater detail, but we also give background information about the different steps, combined with some historical comments. We start with finite quantum groups and continue with discrete quantum groups, compact quantum groups and algebraic quantum groups. Multiplicative unitaries are an important side track before we finally arrive at locally compact quantum groups. Along the way, we also formulate some interesting remaining problems in the theory.

ADOPTION OF IMPROVED DANFIE WHEAT TECHNOLOGY AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO WHEAT YIELD IN JANAMORAWOREDA, AMHARA ETHIOPIA

The purpose of this study is to give background information and empirical evidence on the determinants in adoption of improved wheat technologies and its contribution to wheat yield in Janamora District. In the study area, there is lack of empirical study on the adoption and contribution improved seed to wheat yield .To fill this gap and achieve the objectives this study used the quantitative research method with cross-sectional survey data collected from randomly selected 278 sampled households which are determined based on simple random techniques.The descriptive statistics result show that from the total 278 respondents only 42.81% farm household were adopters and 57.19% of the respondents were non adopter. The chi-square test show that there is significant relation between access to credit, extension services, sex of household head and the mean land size, annual income, number of ox are higher for adopter than non-adopters. Beside this study has used the logit, Tobitand OLS methods are used to identify significant factors that affect the use of improved wheat technology, the intensity use of improved wheat seed.The econometric estimation result of the models show that adoption and intensity of improved wheat technology was significantly and positively affected by, literacy level of the household head, number of oxen, land holding size, total income, access to extension services and access to credit but negatively related with lack of labor force. It was concluded that improved wheat technology adoption had significant contribution to wheat yield. The empirical result of this study, the improved wheat technology is an important means of improving farm yield. Moreover, to adopt the technology factors such as literacy, land size, number of ox, total income, extension services and credit access are focus of attention.

The School of Site: Istanbul Walkabouts

This article focuses on the potentialities of employing the practice of walking as a critical public pedagogy in the context of the transforming territories of northern Istanbul. It will initially give background information on the current processes of neoliberal urbanization taking place in northern Istanbul. It will then, based on the experience of the independent walking project Istanbul Walkabouts, discuss how walking can be used as a critical methodology outside and in academia to question hegemonic approaches to land, record the terra incognita areas of cities, and produce alternative modes of mapping. Ultimately, it will emphasize how performing critical walking in the precarious geographies of northern Istanbul with diverse publics can trigger experiential and place-based (un)learning, produce multiple epistemologies, and generate a community that is critically engaged with top-down approaches to urbanization.

The School of Site: Istanbul Walkabouts

This article focuses on the potentialities of employing the practice of walking as a critical public pedagogy in the context of the transforming territories of northern Istanbul. It will initially give background information on the current processes of neoliberal urbanization taking place in northern Istanbul. It will then, based on the experience of the independent walking project Istanbul Walkabouts, discuss how walking can be used as a critical methodology outside and in academia to question hegemonic approaches to land, record the terra incognita areas of cities, and produce alternative modes of mapping. Ultimately, it will emphasize how performing critical walking in the precarious geographies of northern Istanbul with diverse publics can trigger experiential and place-based (un)learning, produce multiple epistemologies, and generate a community that is critically engaged with top-down approaches to urbanization.

European Citizens’ Consultations: Consultation begins at home

In 2018 the European Citizens’ Consultations took place throughout Europe. These events were organised by national governments and local actors, and thus represented a significantly increased role for the member states in communicating about Europe, a task which had previously been carried out chiefly by EU bodies. Thus, the Citizens’ Consultations hold great potential for the application of the principle of subsidiarity to citizens’ engagement and inclusion in decision-making. However, for the consultations to be successful, political leaders need to ensure that the results are reflected in the European Parliament election campaign and the agenda of the new leadership, demonstrating that citizens’ voices are being heard in Brussels. This article will give background information about the European Citizens’ Consultations, evaluate their potential and provide recommendations on how policymakers can ensure this new tool is used effectively.

A STUDY OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE PRACTICE IN SELANGOR

The development of construction sector has produced mass volume of construction waste. The aim of this research is to give background information on the construction waste problem in Selangor and to acknowledge the practical method of management in order to reduce construction waste. The quantification of construction waste is used to measure the waste index of the construction project in Selangor. A survey is conducted in order to collect the data needed in quantification of construction waste. The data is used to calculate the project waste indexes for construction projects. The amount of waste can therefore be detected explicitly to alert the construction stakeholders for undertaking preventive measures to reduce the waste production. The approaches adopted for construction waste reduction are stated in this research. The findings revealed that the studied companies practiced good management methods for construction waste. The results were prominent when compared with the benchmarked waste index of construction projects and demolition in Hong Kong.