Education Of Girls Research Articles

IMPEDIMENTS TO WOMEN HIGHER EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN: A CASE STUDY OF DISTRICT CHITRAL

Education is a holistic approach for peace, progress and bringing change in a society. Women equipped with higher education play a significant role in development of a country. The socio-economic and political uplift of a society largely depends on women higher education. Almost all the developed countries of the world give equal attention and consideration to boys as well as girls education; however higher education in underdeveloped states including Pakistan is the most neglected sector. In developing countries including Pakistan one of the major causes of lagging behind economically and socially is absence of technically qualified and highly educated women. Since its inception Pakistan has faced many serious issues in education sector and the education system has failed to deliver to the aspirations of the people. However, literacy rate in Pakistan since 2014 has sustainably increased from 56 percent to 59 percent, however the ratio and proportion of girls is 43 percent as compared to boy’s 57 percent which is still a matter of serious concern. The status of women education varies in rural urban division in Pakistan. Situated just across the borders of Afghanistan Chitral is the northern-most district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Because of its topology and geographic location Chitral is isolated from the rest of Pakistan. The socio-economic sector of the area was largely ignored in the past, due to which the living condition of people are extremely poor. Among the population of 4 lakhs almost 36 percent of the population live below the poverty line according to a baseline survey (ICUN). Although the ratio of education in Chitral is high comparatively in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, but still women face substantial challenges and hurdles in higher education. Women education in primary and secondary level is slightly better than higher education level. Women face many hurdles and issues because of socio-cultural taboos, financial constraints, negative perception of co-education and lack of facilities in in higher education sector. This paper will discuss and highlight the status of women education in Chitral, problem faced by NGOs working for higher education, impediments to women higher education and will suggest recommendation for a better way forward

Standard score for physical tests and their relationship to the achievement of two activities of 100 m and weight throwing for first-level students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for women

The College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for women is one of the colleges that are accepted through admission tests, which are a group of tests that the advanced student undergoes and that the student’s success in the tests depends on strength and speed as well as strength of will and there are specifications that the student must be distinguished by such as length, mass and compatibility And the athletics lesson is one of the important lessons in the colleges of physical education and the practical lessons in the first course for students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for women, and there is a link between activities and physical tests for female students ’admission and the research aims to identify the standard score for physical tests with the achievement of the effectiveness of the 100 m for students of the level and identifying the relationship of the standard score for physical examinations with the effectiveness of weight ejection for first-level students. It is assumed that there is a statistical indication between the standard score for the physical tests for first-level students and the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the standard score for the tests and the ejection of weight for the first-level students. Research and be a search community (92) female students. As for the research sample, it is made up of all students of the level admitted to the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for girls, whose number is (92) female students, where all data are completed and filled out in forms.
 A significant correlation relationship was concluded between the standard score of the physical exams for admission with the achievement of 100 m and the ejection of weight, and the study reached that . It is necessary to use he level of skill performance for all games in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for women.

Motor capacity and its relationship with some indicators Albaiukinmetekih and performance of the wheel of human skill

The research problem is represented in the weakness of reliance on the role of some motor abilities (flexibility, balance and compatibility) in biomechanical indicators and the performance of a large number of gymnastics skills, including the skill of the human wheel, in addition to the lack of reliance on the use of video imaging of the skill in order to analyze its path and identify its weaknesses.
 The research aimed to identify the relationship between motor abilities, biomechanical indicators and the degree of performance of the skill of the human wheel, and the descriptive method was used on its own, chosen in an intentional method, consisting of (10) students from the third stage in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / College of Education for Girls / University of Kufa.
 The two researchers reached a number of results, the most important of which are: the existence of a significant correlation relationship between motor abilities and biomechanical indicators and the performance of the skill of the human wheel, as the results showed that the elasticity variable has a significant relationship with the angles of the hip joint as well as the knee joint because of its effect on increasing the range of motion ( Angles) the joints of the body during the performance of the skill of the human wheel, as well as the existence of a correlation and moral relationship between balance and the variable of the base of support, and this relationship emphasizes the importance of controlling body parts and thus increasing the stability of the body during movement

ФИТНЕС-АЭРОБИКА КАК ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ФИЗИЧЕСКОГО ВОСПИТАНИЯ СТУДЕНТОК В ВУЗЕ

Statement of the problem. The state of health of the population of Russia (especially the younger generation) is of national importance. At the present stage, it is noted that over the past 10–15 years, the health of student youth in the Russian Federation has significantly deteriorated – almost 2 times. Herewith, the quantity of healthy students decreases and the number of students with a low level of health increases every year. It is noted that the content of the existing generally accepted traditional training programs for the physical education of girls studying at universities does not provide a full-fledged solution to the problems of improving their physical health. The purpose of the article is to develop a technology for the use of health-improving fitness-aerobics to improve the health of female university students. Methodology of the research consists of analysis and synthesis of regulatory documents in the field of higher education, works of foreign and Russian researchers. Research results. The use of health-improving fitness-aerobics in physical education of female university students provides better improvement of their physical health than general physical training. Conclusion. The effect of using this technology is realized in a more complete use of the potential of female students in their physical education. This is expressed in improving physical health, working capacity, increasing motivation for systematic physical exercises and the formation of their stable need for improvement.

ЖАШТАРДЫ ДЕМОКРАТИЯЛУУЛУККА ТАРБИЯЛООДО КЫРГЫЗ ЭЛИНИН КААДА-САЛТТАРЫНЫН ПЕДАГОГИКАЛЫК МҮМКҮНЧҮЛҮКТӨРҮ

The article presents strategies for changing the social preparation of young people for life in the context of globalization, the need to educate democracy among young people in developing countries and the reflection of these trends in the educational documents of the Kyrgyz Republic. The purpose of the article is, along with the recognition of the political pound and multilevel of the concept of democracy, the disclosure of its social significance in a time society. The key idea of the article is to reveal the pedagogical possibilities of the customs and traditions of the Kyrgyz people in the education of democracy among young people. In this regard, the importance of the education of girls in the Kyrgyz family is stressed, as well as the educational importance of such traditions as favoring in various situations.

Anatomical Study of Cervical Vertebra in the White Albino Rat Males Treated with Lepedium Sativium Seeds Extract

The study was conducted to find out the effect of secondary compounds extracted from Lepedium sativium seeds on the phenotypic structure of the cervical vertebrae by measuring the weight and lengths of each cervical vertebra. The study was performed in the animal house of Department of Biology, College of Education for Girls, University of Kufa, it included the use of 40 Albino rat of the Sprague Dawley strain, one months old, the average weights range (200-250g).the were divided in to 4 equal groups, the first group included the control group, which was dosed orally with distilled water only, the second group was treated with cold aqueous extract of the Lepedium sativium seeds 50 mg / kg, the third group was treated with cold aqueous extract of the Lepedium sativium seeds 100 mg / kg, the forth group was treated with cold aqueous extract of the Lepedium sativium seeds 150 mg / kg of body weight. Each group was administrated from the first day to experiment and until the sacrifice of animals, which was in two stages on 30 and 45 days for each group. The study included measuring the weights of the cervical vertebrae, as well as measuring the lengths (length, width, dimeter) of the vertebrae. The statistical analysis of the current study results was showed significant increase in weights of the cervical vertebrae in the group treated with cold eqeous extract of Lepedium sativium seed at a concentration 150 mg / kg, compared to the control group. As the Average weight increases with increasing the concentration of the extract. Also, The statistical analysis of the current study results was showed significant increase in lengths of the cervical animals treated with extract of Lepedium sativium seed at a concentration 150 mg / kg, for periods of 30 and 45 days compared to the control group.

GIRLS’ SCHOOLING AND POVERTY: INSIGHTS FROM FIELDWORK IN TWO VILLAGES IN THE SUNDARBAN REGION

Basic education for girls enhances the process of social development and women’s empowerment. Inequalities and deprivation are faced by many children, and lives of young girls are more vulnerable. This is more significant in countries marked by unequal distribution of wealth and social inequalities of class, caste, ethnicity, religion and region. Gender is a cross-cutting category and societies with high inequality are typically marked by systemic discrimination against girls from marginalized communities. This paper attempts to explore the school participation of disadvantaged girl children of two marginalized remote villages of Dhuri and Kumrakhali of the Sundarbans region of West Bengal. The study of their participation has been approached in terms of access, enrolment, attendance, retention and educational attainment. It situates participation within various dynamics of the region like poverty, vulnerability and emerging communal political tension. Further, it also looks at how alternative income sources such as collecting small tiger prawn seeds (TPS) in the river and zari work available in the villages impacts elementary education of girl children in the selected villages.

Libyan Jewish Women's Lore: From Homeschooling to Formal Education

The source of Libyan Jewish women's lore was the environment in which they lived, which was shaped—intellectually, socially, and economically—by the gender norms of Libyan Jews. These norms were based on Jewish traditions and the surrounding Muslim society, which since the mid-sixteenth century was under Ottoman rule until the Italian occupation of 1911. Formal education for Jewish girls became available in Libya from the 1870s, first through European enterprises and from the 1930s also by the community. This paper examines Libyan Jewish women's lore and what was the impact of the developing educational, social, and economic opportunities for growing numbers of Libyan Jewish women, mainly in the urban society, on their cultural capital from the late nineteenth century until the mass Jewish emigration from Libya starting in the late 1940s.

Individual/Household and Community-Level Factors Associated with Child Marriage in Mali: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey.

Background Child marriage is a major public health problem globally, and the prevalence remains high in sub-Saharan African countries, including Mali. There is a dearth of evidence about factors associated with child marriage in Mali. Hence, this studyaimed at investigating the individual/household and community-level factors associated with child marriage among women in Mali. Methods Using data from the 2018 Mali Demographic and Health Survey, analysis was done on 8,350 women aged 18-49 years. A Chi-square test was used to select candidate variables for the multilevel multivariable logistic regression models. Fixed effects results weree xpressed as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) at 95% confidence intervals (CI). Stata version 14 software was used for the analysis. Results The results showed that 58.2% (95% CI; 56.3%-60.0%) and 20.3% (95%; 19.0%-21.6%) of women aged 18-49 years were married before their 18th and 15th birthday, respectively. Educational status of women (higher education: aOR = 0.25, 95% CI; 0.14-0.44), their partner's/husband's educational status (higher education: aOR = 0.64, 95% CI; 0.47-0.87), women's occupation (professional, technical, or managerial: aOR = 0.50, 95% CI; 0.33-0.77), family size (five and above: aOR = 1.16, 95% CI; 1.03-1.30), and ethnicity (Senoufo/Minianka: aOR = 0.73, 95% CI; 0.58-0.92) were the identified individual/household level factors associated with child marriage, whereas region (Mopti: aOR = 0.27, 95% CI; 0.19-0.39) was the community level factor associated with child marriage. Conclusions This study has revealed a high prevalence of child marriage in Mali. To reduce the magnitude of child marriage in Mali, enhancing policies and programs that promote education for both girls and boys, creating employment opportunities, improving the utilization of family planning services, and sensitizing girls and parents who live in regions such as Kayes on the negative effects of child marriage is essential. Moreover, working with community leaders so as to reduce child marriage in the Bambara ethnic communities would also be beneficial.

Prevalence and factors associated with sexual violence among women aged 15–49 years in rural Uganda: evidence from the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 2016

ObjectivesSexual violence is a serious global health problem with short- and long-term physical, mental, and reproductive adverse effects. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with sexual violence among women of reproductive age in rural Uganda. Study designThis was a cross-sectional study based on the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) 2016 data. MethodsUDHS 2016 data for 5259 rural women aged 15–49 years were used in this study. Multistage stratified sampling was used to select participants, and data were collected using validated questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with sexual violence. All analyses we carried out in SPSS (version 25). ResultsThe overall prevalence of sexual violence among rural women was 24.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23.4–25.7) compared with 18.4% (95% CI: 17.0–20.7) among urban women. Rural women who had received only primary education had higher odds of sexual violence compared with those who had received tertiary education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.17–7.72). Women living in the Western region were more likely to experience sexual violence than those living in the Northern region of Uganda (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.41–2.87). In addition, women in the poorest wealth quintile had higher odds of sexual violence compared with those in the richest quintile (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.02–4.17). Women justifying beating, health care decision-making, and husband's/partner's frequency of getting drunk were also significantly associated with sexual violence. ConclusionsThe prevalence of sexual violence among rural Ugandan women was high and is associated with factors such as educational level, region, wealth index, justified beating, health care decision-making, and husband's/partner's frequency of getting drunk. Thus, there is a need to improve the livelihoods and income of rural women, including the promotion of continued education for girls, as well as to strengthen protective laws and policies to curb this public health issue.

Parental education's role in child survival

The end of the Millennium Development Goals era marked progress in global under-5 mortality, but this was largely inequitable.1 Since the introduction of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) much evidence has indicated the necessity of an integrative and intersectoral approach to the global health agenda.2–4 In recognition of this, education has been considered a core social determinant of health, with SDG 4 focusing on ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all, with an explicit indicator on better education for girls.

Exploration of the Impact of the COVID-19 on Girls Education in Nigeria

This article explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on girls education in Nigeria. COVID-19 raises concerns to every nationality and has thus made way to the continent of Africa, therein Nigeria. This pandemic has a significant gendered impact on children, especially girls being out of school. The vast majority of pupils affected by this pandemic are rural girls. Despite the fact that these rural girls from poor backgrounds are already marginalised, the pandemic has highly disadvantaged them in terms of access to education, limited provision of resources and infrastructure to ensure learning is taking place even at home. While some research was found to have been done on COVID-19, none was found specifically on rural girls and education in Nigeria. This paper utilised a secondary research methodology which involved reviewing and interpreting past data to explore the impact of this pandemic on the Nigerian girl child. Among other impacts, peer pressure temptations, sexual abuse, unplanned and unwanted pregnancies, and child exploitation were found to put girls at risk. The researchers were able to suggest possible interventions for the girl child’s education in the post COVID-19 era which include the reviewing of cultural practices and customs, making education fashionable, providing extra classes, establishing programmes and initiatives to empower women, and awareness against gender-based violence. This pandemic has drawn attention to the injustices girls live under; and if these interventions are put into practice, a better life for all can be assured.

Impliciti della memoria collettiva nell’educazione delle bambine e delle donne. Trasgredire progetti ancestrali e rompere vincoli inviolabili: il filo rosso per essere ’le donne che si è’

In this contribution, I explore the drama buried in the collective memory implicit in the education of girls and women. A thread which historically continues to remain in the models of education for girls can be found, with serious consequences in the transgenerational transmission of pedagogical models and educational practices. The first-hand experience of these models and practices aimed at self-sacrifice and the mortification of vitality as an educational instrument, has generated an accumulation of pain, suffering, frustration and anger which inevitably spread and invade the public space of shared society, significantly insinuating itself in social, family, educational, affective, sentimental and even working relations. In conclusion, I identify the need for formative paths aimed at awareness of the existence and tenacity of the unspoken pedagogical messages deeply rooted in historical memories.

Varieties of gender wash: towards a framework for critiquing corporate social responsibility in feminist IPE

Recent years have seen vast sums of money invested in health, education and economic empowerment Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs for women and girls, particularly in the Global South. Feminist scholars of IPE have charted how transnational corporations (TNCs) have partnered with international institutions, donor governments and non-governmental organizations to position themselves as champions of gender equality. There is some debate in the literature over whether this phenomenon constitutes a co-optation or an appropriation of feminism. In this article, I focus on the behavior of TNCs, arguing that it can be conceptualized as ‘gender wash.’ Drawing on the extensive environmental literature on the ‘greenwashing’ of corporations’ public images, I outline a framework for analyzing CSR as ‘gender washing.’ Adapting Lyon and Montgomery’s summary of the greenwashing literature, I present seven varieties of gender wash – selective disclosure, empty gender claims and policies, dubious certifications and labels, co-opted NGO endorsements and partnerships, ineffective public voluntary programs, misleading narrative and discourse, and misleading branding – giving illustrative examples for each. In doing so, I aim to put forward a useful tool for critiquing contradictory claims made by corporations whose products, business model or employment practices are inherently damaging to women and girls.

The Relative Contribution of the Flexibility for the Hip Joint, the Angle of the Knees, and the Muscular Strength for Arms of Performance of the Front and Back Rolling Skills, Opening on the Floor Movement Mat

In order to improve the students’ performance level in some of the skills that are implemented on the mat device of ground movements, including the front and rear rolling, it is necessary to study the most important indicators that have a clear impact on the performance of those rolls. Among the objectives of the research: To identify the percentage of the contribution of flexibility of the hip joint, the angle of the knees and the muscular strength of the arms in the performance of the front and rear rolling skills, an opening of the research sample. The researchers used the descriptive method in the survey method for its suitability to the nature of the work, and the research community was represented by students of the third stage of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the College of Education for Girls / University of Kufa, and their number reached (26) students, and the research sample was chosen by the random method by drawing a lot from the original community and their number ( 20) a student, and with this, the percentage of the research sample is (76.9%).

Access to Higher Education in French Africa South of the Sahara

This article examines the evolution of the educational situation in French West Africa (FWA) and French Equatorial Africa (FEA) from the onset of colonization until independence. Our central theme is the tragic deprivation endured by the public school system, especially in FEA, which handed over primary education to Catholic missions and slowed down secondary education; in FWA, only one university was belatedly created in Senegal (1958). The education of girls remained non-existent. The article is based upon a large number of mostly unpublished doctoral works, a handful of published studies, and half a century of personal inquiries, conducted mainly in Gabon, Congo and Senegal. This paper establishes a connection between the lack of political skills based upon Western standards of the colonized peoples on the eve of independence to the training of their civil servants which was drastically limited to secondary school education and the major hurdles involved in obtaining French nationality except for the residents of the Four Communes of Senegal. At the time of independence, only a few thousand colonized people had reached the level of university that was being established in the early 1950s; even fewer received scholarships to study in France. This shortage of trained personnel in administration and education required massive recourse to French “coopérants”, whose presence would only gradually diminish from the 1970s.

Shot but not Silenced: I am Malala

I am Malala: A Girl who Stood Up for Education and was Shot by the Taliban is a compelling autobiography about a 14-year-old girl's campaign for girls' right to education within an oppressive society. The entire book is written from Malala's perspective, each chapter allows the reader to become immersed within the text and invested within human rights oppression. Malala's story seeks to bring awareness to the injustices within education for young girls and women as well as emphasize the power of education. Malala challenges the reader to dig deeper into the oppressiveness and truly examine the value of education.

Girls Entrepreneurship Education Concept At Rumah Singgah Anak Perempuan Garuda

The impact of the 4.0 industrial revolution era is enormous on the behavior of the people, including children, who massively switch to technology; this is a product of change driven by developed countries as holders of the world constellation in the fields of science and technology and the economy. The success of developed countries cannot be separated from the role of educational institutions. The era of globalization is currently being experienced by all people in the world, including in Indonesia. Global challenges with advances in science and technology. The concept of entrepreneurial education for girls in open houses causes competition and faster and more competitive movements, which directly impact the world of education. Entrepreneurship is not only a world of adults, but it can also be a part of the world of children. The difference is, entrepreneurship in children cannot be carried out alone. However, it requires guidance and support from adults, parents, and teachers. Children who know the world of entrepreneurship from an early age will find it useful for future provisions. Education is an integral part of the life of society, nation, and state. One of the factors taken to improve the quality of life of the Indonesian nation is to increase the attitude of independence in the future.

GENDER EQUALITY IN ISLAM AND GENDER BIASED DISCRIMINATION IN GLOBAL MUSLIM SOCIETIES: ANALYTIC AND CRITICAL EVALUATION

Purpose of the study: The main aim of this study is to stipulate the practical elucidation for the act in spotting sustaining ways of discrimination as well as inequality against the female children, obliterating ways, and practices that are harmful in fulfilling the rights of the females and prescribing an efficient policy for the protection and promotion of these rights.
 Methodology: Analytical and critical evaluation techniques have been used in executing this research study. Ongoing gender-based discrimination in societies of Muslim worlds has been analysed through various sources including published journal articles, news articles, and books, etc. These analytical studies are then critically evaluated in the light of the Holy Quran and Sunnah as primary study resources.
 Main Findings: Education helps in breaking the model of gender discrimination and creates permanent changes for the females in the developing states inclusive of Pakistan, among others. Pakistan has hardly invested in educational sectors, and specifically in the education of women. The education of girls leads to extensive social changes. Educated females are very significant to terminate this rapidly growing notion of gender discrimination.
 Application of study: This study is applicable in the domain of gender studies in the perspective of global Islamic societies, in comprehension of the drawbacks of this norm faced by the societies, and the consequences of gender discrimination.
 The novelty of this study: To the best of my knowledge this study explores the concept of gender inequality in the light of the Quran and Sunnah and gender discrimination in the society of Pakistan. Furthermore, it addresses the bill passed by the national assembly of Pakistan in context to the protection of Women’s property rights in 2020 and its religious significances and advantages of observing this bill.

Women's Education and Literacy in England, 1066–1540

AbstractThis essay provides a holistic review of what girls and young women learned, and the settings in which they learned, in the Middle Ages in England between the Norman Conquest (1066) and the Dissolution of the Monasteries (late 1530s). Education of girls was carried out in households, elementary schools, and nunneries, as well as through employment and apprenticeship. Girls were taught a wide range of subjects, depending on their socioeconomic status, including practical skills, reading comprehension, and social accomplishments. This essay also provides a review to date of the scholarship on the topic.