Growth Of Ginseng Research Articles

인삼의 생육 및 가공에 따른 살균제 Propamocarb의 잔류특성

인삼의 생육 및 가공에 따른 살균제 Propamocarb의 잔류특성

Effects of nutrients deficiency on growth and saponin accumulation of American ginseng

Mineral nutrient elements are the key factors to maintain the growth and quality of American ginseng. In order to understand the comprehensive effect of different nutrient elements deficiency on American ginseng, 2-year-old American ginsengs were cultivated by Hoagland solution(CK) or 10 different nutrients deficiency solution in sand culture. During the cultivation, the deficient symptom was observed. The plant height, leaf area, biomass, photosynthetic index, root activity, ginsenoside content were measured. The results showed that N, K or Fe deficiency could lead to leaves of American ginseng yellowing. Deficiency N, K, Ca, Mg and B were the main factors that decrease plant height and leaf area. The biomass of plant decreased significantly in all the nutrient deficient treatments(P<0.05)compared with control group, and N, K, Ca or Fe deficiency groups descended over 50%. In the absence of N, K and Fe elements, the P_n, G_s, C_i, T_r and chlorophyll of leaves were decreased mostly. The first three factors decreasing root activity were N, K and Ca deficiency. The effects of nutrient deficiency on saponins of American ginseng were different.Generally, N, P, B, Zn and Cu deficiency resulted the synthesis of saponins decreased significantly(P<0.05). This study contributed to clarify the demand characteristics of American ginseng for different nutrient elements,which is of great significance for the diagnose of nutrient deficiency, the rational fertilizer and the improvement of yield and quality of American ginseng.

Allelopathic effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on seed germination and seedling growth of Panax ginseng

Allelopathic effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on seed germination and seedling growth of Panax ginseng

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi biofertilizer improves American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) growth under the continuous cropping regime

Continuous cropping of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is often associated with the scarcity or unavailability of soil nutrients and an imbalance of rhizosphere microbiota, resulting in low yield and poor plant quality. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improves plant growth and production by facilitating nutrient acquisition and by modifying the abundance and diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms by which continuous cropping of American ginseng caused growth inhibition and how AMF biofertilizer application relieved these cropping obstacles. The results showed that: 1) continuous cropping of American ginseng significantly decreased the emergence rate, shoot and root dry weight, rhizosphere soil pH, the contents of ammonium, available phosphorus (P), and available potassium (K) in the rhizosphere, while increasing the root rot disease index and the soil content of nitrate; 2) continuous cropping of American ginseng decreased the diversity of bacteria, while increasing the diversity of fungi, and increased the relative abundances of Acidobacteria and Ascomycota, while decreasing the relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Zygomycota; 3) in contrast, the application of AMF biofertilizer relieved the negative effects of continuous cropping American ginseng; 4) significant positive correlations were found between Pseudarthrobacter, Streptomyces and the content of ammonium, between Bacillus and the content of available K, and between Mortierella elongata and the content of available P, suggesting that the increase of rhizosphere plant-beneficial bacteria and fungi promoted the contents of available nutrients in the rhizosphere; 5) application of AMF biofertilizer significantly decreased the abundances of soil-borne pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani and the deleterious bacteria Candidatus Solibacter. In summary, our results suggest that AMF biofertilizer application improved the continuous cropping of American ginseng growth by increasing the AMF inoculation rate, by recruiting rhizosphere beneficial bacteria and fungi that promote plant-uptake of nitrogen (N) and P, and by suppressing soil-borne pathogens. Therefore, AMF biofertilizer is a probiotic agent that prevents microbial imbalances and nutrient deficiencies during continuous cropping of American ginseng.

Biological control ginseng grey mold and plant colonization by antagonistic bacteria isolated from rhizospheric soil of Panax ginseng Meyer

Botrytis cinerea Pers.ex Fr. is a common soil borne fungal pathogen that infects economic crops, such as ginseng, worldwide. One ideal strategy for controlling B. cinerea is to develop and use beneficial rhizobacteria. The goal of this study was to assess the potential of rhizospheric bacteria as antifungal agents against ginseng grey mold disease. In this study, 169 bacterial strains isolated from rhizospheric soil of ginseng plants were screened using the K-B paper dispersion method and the Oxford cup plate assay. Subsequently, strain SW-34 was selected as a potential stock for biocontrol due to the broad-spectrum antibiotic activity of the SW-34 fermentation liquor against pathogens. To assess the antifungal efficacy of SW-34 against ginseng grey mold as well as its ginseng growth promotion abilities, pot experiments were performed under plastic greenhouse conditions. The morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence were assessed to for the taxonomic characterization of strain SW-34. The results showed that, SW-34 (which was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) exhibited an antagonistic activity against B. cinerea of 85.13% and also provided broad-spectrum antibiotic activity. Inoculation of the SW-34 cell suspension suppressed disease lesions caused by ginseng grey mold with a strong control efficacy of 72.29%, which was significantly higher than that of the Mancozeb 70% WP fungicide treatment (p < 0.05). Moreover, SW-34 exhibited high cell densities in ginseng plants (root, leaf and stem) and promoted ginseng plant growth. Because the B. amyloliquefaciens SW-34 successfully inhibited ginseng grey mold, the results of our study provides a basis for the potential biocontrol of ginseng grey mold caused by B. cinerea.

Effect of vermicompost application on root growth and ginsenoside content of Panax ginseng

Vermicomposts are valuable by-products of organic wastes and can be used to improve soil environments in ginseng production. We compared the effects of food waste vermicompost (FWV), cow manure vermicompost (CMV) and paper sludge vermicompost (PSV) on several ginseng root production variables. Interactions between soil chemical properties, root growth, ginsenoside content and plant mineral content were also investigated. In the PSV treatment, the root yield increased by 40 t ha−1 compared to the untreated control. Nitrate concentration correlated negatively with root yield, and none of the vermicompost treatments differed significantly from the control in terms of root loss. Soil pH correlated positively with root weight, and total ginsenoside content did not vary among treatments, although some individual ginsenosides did differ among treatments. Root iron content correlated strongly with total ginsenoside content, and total ginsenoside content correlated negatively with root yield. Overall, our results showed that the root yield increase was not due to nutrient increase. Vermicompost was safe to use in relation to root rot disease, and it favourably elevated the pH of fields converted from rice paddies to ginseng production. Ginsenoside was not involved in defence mechanisms against root rot disease. Root iron content may have been involved in the metabolism of ginsenoside, and there was an apparent trade-off between ginsenoside content and root yield. Finally, vermicompost application altered resource allocation and soil chemical properties, which led to novel interactions between root parameters and components.

Study on the Optimization of Extraction Technology of Anemonin from &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Pulsatilla chinensis&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; and Its Inhibitory Effect on &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Alternaria panax&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;

Background: The main antibacterial component of Pulsatilla chinensis is anemonin, which has strong antibacterial effect, so it is studied. The Pulsatilla chinensis is one of the diseases that are difficult to solve in the growth of ginseng, but chemical control not only causes harm to the environment, but also has residues on ginseng itself. Pulsatilla is a good medicinal plant. It will have a certain effect on the prevention and treatment of ginseng disease, and it can do no residue, no harm to ginseng. Objective: This experiment can provide effective data support for the prevention and treatment of Pulsatilla chinensis. Method: In this experiment, Pulsatilla Chinensis was used as experimental materials to extract plant by reflux, ultrasonic extraction methods, the content of anemonin in each single factor experiment was determined by HPLC. According to the content, the response surface analysis method was used to find the best extraction process, and the mycelium growth rate method was further used to determine the antifungal effect of Alternaria panax. Results: The EC50 value of P. Chinensis extract to A. panax was methanol extract < acetone extract < ethanol extract in order from small to large; The optimum extraction conditions of anemonin, the effective component of P. Chinensis methanol extract, were as follows: methanol volume fraction 87%, extraction time 2 h, solid-liquid ratio 20 (V: m), the optimum extraction amount was 3.760 μg·g-1.

Abiotic Factors Influencing Growth and Ginsenoside Content of Panax ginseng Roots

We aimed to evaluate the effects of abiotic factors on root growth and ginsenoside content of Panax ginseng and on the tradeoff between these two properties. Three experiments tested the effects of fertilization, soil particle size and cultivation site, respectively, on root growth and ginsenoside content. Moderate applications of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium did not significantly influence ginsenoside content. Root weight was negatively correlated with ginsenosides Rg1 and Rg2 with excessive fertilization, suggesting that environmental stress caused by excessive fertilization might have created a tradeoff. We tested the effect of soil type by separating soil out according to particle size (ie, < 0.5, 0.5-1 and 1-2 mm, and a mixed control). Root weight was lower in soil of < 0.5 mm, and roots were longer in soil of 1-2 mm compared with those of the control. Total ginsenoside and ginsenoside Rb1 content was lower in soil of < 0.5 mm than those of the unsieved control. These results indicate that soil texture is an important factor determining ginsenoside yield and root quality. The effect of cultivation site was compared among 5 locations using the same soil type. There was a 2.8-fold difference in root weight and a 2.1-fold difference in total ginsenoside content between the highest and lowest values among 5 sites, and no significant correlation was found between root growth and ginsenoside content. Our results suggest that ginsenoside content was influenced by abiotic stresses caused by changes in nutrient, moisture, and temperature. We conclude that proper management of abiotic stresses can promote both root growth and ginsenoside content without a tradeoff between these two properties.

Effect of AMF symbiosis and environmental conditions on growth of Asian ginseng

Effect of AMF symbiosis and environmental conditions on growth of Asian ginseng

Comparative transcriptome analysis of heat stress responsiveness between two contrasting ginseng cultivars

BackgroundPanax ginseng has been used in traditional medicine to strengthen the body and mental well-being of humans for thousands of years. Many elite ginseng cultivars have been developed, and ginseng cultivation has become well established during the last century. However, heat stress poses an important threat to the growth and sustainable production of ginseng. Efforts have been made to study the effects of high temperature on ginseng physiology, but knowledge of the molecular responses to heat stress is still limited. MethodsWe sequenced the transcriptomes (RNA-Seq) of two ginseng cultivars, Chunpoong (CP) and Yunpoong (YP), which are sensitive and resistant to heat stress, respectively, after 1- and 3-week heat treatments. Differential gene expression and gene ontology enrichment along with profiled chlorophyll contents were performed. ResultsCP is more sensitive to heat stress than YP and exhibited a lower chlorophyll content than YP. Moreover, heat stress reduced the chlorophyll content more rapidly in CP than in YP. A total of 329 heat-responsive genes were identified. Intriguingly, genes encoding chlorophyll a/b–binding proteins, WRKY transcription factors, and fatty acid desaturase were predominantly responsive during heat stress and appeared to regulate photosynthesis. In addition, a genome-wide scan of photosynthetic and sugar metabolic genes revealed reduced transcription levels for ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase under heat stress, especially in CP, possibly attributable to elevated levels of soluble sugars. ConclusionOur comprehensive genomic analysis reveals candidate loci/gene targets for breeding and functional studies related to developing high temperature–tolerant ginseng varieties.

First Report of Bacterial Soft Rot of Ginseng Caused by Pseudomonas qessardii in Jilin Province of China

Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey) is one of the perennial herbs well known for the high medicinal value of its root for many years. However, ginseng diseases pose a great threat to the growth of ginseng and may greatly limit the yield and quality of ginseng. In September 2016, roots of ginseng were received from Fusong County, Jilin Province, China (127°29.48′ N, 42°11.12′ E) that displayed typical bacterial root rot. Rotted roots completely lost their medicinal and economic value. Water-soaked and brown-colored lesions on the roots expanded rapidly and the tissues becoming soft and rotten, causing the whole plant to collapse with a nasty smell. Bacterial streaming was observed with three symptomatic roots. To isolate the bacteria, the root tissues were surface-sterilized in 70% ethanol for 30 s, and rinsed 3 times in sterilized water and cut into small pieces (5 × 5 mm), then cultured on nutrient agar (NA), and incubated at 28°C for 48 h. Colonies were round, smooth, grayish white, and lightly convex on ...

Influence of exogenous ginsenosides on new forest soil microbial communities

Ginsenosides are the main active ingredient and allelochemicals of Panax ginseng, and they play an important role in ginseng growth and in ecological adaptation. To study the influence of ginsenosides on soil microbial communities, the method of given exogenous total ginsenosides of different concentrations were used to study the influence of ginsenosides on new forest soil microbial community, evaluate the change of metabolic activity of microbial community and investigate the ecological effect of ginsenosides on soil microbial community. Results showed that, exogenous total ginsenosides promoted metabolic activity of microbial community in new forest soil at different concentrations compared with the control after 10 d and 40 d treatment. After 10 d,except for the Evenness index, all of the other indices indicated that the functional diversity of the soil microbial community in the new forest firstly increased then decreased with increase of the total ginsenosides concentration. The Substrate richness for 0.01 g•L⁻¹ soil treatment was significantly different from that of the control. After 20 d, 30 d and 40 d, except for the Evenness index, all of the other indices indicated that the functional diversity of the soil microbial community in the new forest increased with total ginsenosides. These results suggested that ginsenosids can change soil microbial community and microbial metabolic activity, which alter soil microbial ecology and accordingly affect the growth of ginseng with accumulation of ginsenosides in the soil.

Metabolic dynamics and physiological adaptation of Panax ginseng during development.

The dynamics of metabolites from leaves to roots of Panax ginseng during development has revealed the tissue-specific and year-specific metabolic networks. Being an essential Oriental medicinal plant, ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a slow-growing perennial herb-accumulating pharmaceutically active metabolites such as ginsenosides in roots during growth. However, little is known about how ginseng plants survive in the harsh environments such as winter cold and summer heat for a longer period and accumulates those active metabolites as the plant grows. To understand the metabolic kinetics in both source and sink organs such as leaves and roots of ginseng plant, respectively, and to assess the changes in ginsenosides biosynthesis during ginseng growth, we investigated the metabolic profiles from leaves and roots of 1-, 4-, and 6-year-old field-grown ginseng plants. Using an integrated non-targeted metabolomic approach, we identified in total 348 primary and secondary metabolites, which provided us for the first time a global metabolomic assessment of ginseng during growth, and morphogenesis. Strikingly, the osmoprotectants and oxidized chemicals were highly accumulated in 4- and 6-year-old ginseng leaves suggested that ginseng develop a wide range of metabolic strategies to adapt unfavorable conditions as they mature. In 6-year-old plants, ginsenosides were decreased in leaves but increased in roots up to 1.2- to sixfold, supporting the view that there is a long-distance transport of ginsenosides from leaves to roots as ginseng plants mature. Our findings provide insights into the metabolic kinetics during the development of ginseng plant and this could complement the pharmacological importance of ginseng and its compounds according to their age.

Influence of Boron and Iron Toxicity on the Physiological Status, Growth, and Mineral Uptake of Ginseng in Hydroponic Culture

Background: Ginseng is a perennial crop grown for more than four years in the same place. Therefore, it is highly affected by the soil environment, especially nutrients in the soil. The present study was carried out to investigate to the influence of boron and iron concentrations on the physiological status, growth, and mineral uptake of ginseng to obtain the basic information for diagnosing a physiological disorder in ginseng plants.Methods and Results: The boron and iron concentrations were controlled at 3, 30, 150, 300 and 2, 20, 100, 200㎎/ℓ, respectively. When treated with 150㎎/ℓ of boron, the ginseng plants showed yellowing or necrosis symptoms at the edge or end of their leaves. Compared with the 3㎎/ℓ treatment, the root weight decreased by 13 and 24% in the 150 and 300㎎/ℓ treatments, respectively. When treated with 20㎎/ℓ of iron, the ginseng plants showed yellowing between the veins of the leaves followed by the formation of brown spots. The root weight gradually decreased with increasing iron concentration. Approximately 55% decrease in root weight was observed upon treatment with 200㎎/ℓ of iron.Conclusions: The boron toxicity occurs in the leaves of ginseng at the boron concentration of approximately 1,900㎎/㎏ or more. The iron toxicity occurs at the iron concentration of approximately 120㎎/㎏ for leaves and 270㎎/㎏ for roots.

An investigation of Panax ginseng Meyer growth promotion and the biocontrol potential of antagonistic bacteria against ginseng black spot

BackgroundGinseng black spot disease resulting from Alternaria panax Whuetz is a common soil-borne disease, with an annual incidence rate higher than 20–30%. In this study, the bacterial strains with good antagonistic effect against A. panax are screened. MethodsA total of 285 bacterial strains isolated from ginseng rhizosphere soils were screened using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method and the Oxford cup plate assay. We analyzed the antifungal spectrum of SZ-22 by confronting incubation. To evaluate the efficacy of biocontrol against ginseng black spot and for growth promotion by SZ-22, we performed pot experiments in a plastic greenhouse. Taxonomic position of SZ-22 was identified using morphology, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, 16S ribosomal DNA, and gyrB sequences. ResultsSZ-22 (which was identified as Brevundimonas terrae) showed the strongest inhibition rate against A. panax, which showed 83.70% inhibition, and it also provided broad-spectrum antifungal effects. The inhibition efficacies of the SZ-22 bacterial suspension against ginseng black spot reached 82.47% inhibition, which is significantly higher than that of the 25% suspension concentrate azoxystrobin fungicide treatment (p < 0.05). Moreover, the SZ-22 bacterial suspension also caused ginseng plant growth promotion as well as root enhancement. ConclusionAlthough the results of the outdoor pot-culture method were influenced by the pathogen inoculum density, the cropping history of the field site, and the weather conditions, B. terrae SZ-22 controlled ginseng black spot and promoted ginseng growth successfully. This study provides resource for the biocontrol of ginseng black spot.

Growth characteristics and ginsenoside contents of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) by shade materials and green manure crops

ABSTRACT This research carried out to figure out the effect of the green manure crop cultivated at a preparation field and the shading net on the growth, development, and quality of ginseng. Followings are results obtained from the research. Leaf width of ginseng under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polythylene net (TBTBPN) was good at rye and hairy vetch cultured group. Leaf length of ginseng under the shading net of a three- layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN) was good at barley and hairy vetch cultured group. Meanwhile, leaf width was good at hairy vetch cultured group. Leaf length of ginseng under a blue polyethylene sheet (BPS) was good at a barley and barley + hairy vetch cultured group, but stem length was shorter compare to other shading net cultivations. Root weight of ginseng was good under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN) at a rye and hairy vetch cultured group, and was good under the shading net of a three-layered blue and one- layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN) at a barley + hairy vetch cultured group, but there was no significant difference under blackout screen according to manure crop varieties. Ratio of rusty root was 10.2% at the barley cultured group under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN), and was 23.1% at hairy vetch cultured group under shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN). Ratio of rusty root was the lowest at a rye cultured group regardless the shading nets. Content of the ginsenoside was the highest at the rye cultured group under the shading net of two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN), was the highest at the barley cultured group under the shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN), and was the highest at the rye cultured group under the blackout screen.Keywords : ginseng, green manure crop, shade net, ginsenoside

Comparison of growth characteristics and quality of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) using different shade materials

Production methods for high-quality ginsengs for various advanced medical applications of today and the future are developing continuously. This research project aimed at exploring the growth of Panax ginseng at different microclimate-changes induced by using different shading materials and by analyzing the ginsenosides produced in P. ginseng grown under different shading material. The temperatures under the shading materials from June to October was high in order of Blue polyethylene sheet (BPS) > Aluminium-coated polyethylene sheet (ACPS) > Three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN). Particularly BPS showed the highest light transmission of 381.7µmol/s/m2 in August, which generated high temperature in the ginseng field. The growth of aerial parts from the 2 – 3 year old ginsengs were vigorous in order of TBOBPN > ACPS > BPS, whereas BPS with high light transmission rate also allowed strong growth of 4 year old ginsengs. Root growth in terms of root length and root diameter by different shading materials was satisfactory, regardless of root age, in the order of ACPS > BPS > TBOBPN. More specifically, root length was 23.2 cm longer for 2 year-old roots, 28.3 cm longer for 3 year-old roots, and 29.3 cm longer for 4 year-old roots in the plots treated with ACPS compared to TBOBPN and BPS plots – and root diameter showed the same results as root length. However, the root weight was essentially identical for the three shading materials for all age groups, except for the 4-year old root of ACPS-shaded ginseng that showed 2.96 kg dry material per 1.62 m2 field, i.e., about 8% increase in yield compared to the plot shaded with TBOBPN. The content of ginsenosides Rg2, Rf, Re and Rd in the plot treated with ACPS was higher than in both BPS and TBOBPN plots. Thus, the total ginsenoside content of 4-years-old roots was 20.92 mg/g dry material for ACPS-shaded ginseng and 20.38 and 15.89 mg/g dry material for BPS-shaded and TBOBPN-shaded ginseng, respectively.

Effect of Controlled Light Environment on the Growth and Ginsenoside Content of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer

Background: The photosynthetic efficiency cool-season, semi-shade ginseng is normal at low morning temperatures, but drops at high afternoon temperatures. Therefore, optimal plant performance would be ensured if it were possible to control daily light transmission rates (LTR). Methods and Results: Plants were grown in a controlled light environment that replicated 11 AM conditions and comparatively analyzed against plant grown under normal conditions. Growth in the controlled light environment resulted in a 2.81 fold increase in photosynthetic efficiency with no change in chlorophyll content, although LTR were high due to low morning temperatures. Increased aerial plant growth was observed in the ginseng plants adapted to the controlled light environment, which in turn influenced root weight. An 81% increase in fresh root weight (33.3 g per plant on average) was observed in 4-year-old ginseng plants grown in controlled light environment compared to the plants grown following conventional practices (18.4 g per plant on average). With regard to the inorganic composition of leaves of 4-year-old ginseng plants grown in controlled light environment, an increased in Fe content was observed, while Mn and Zn content decreased, and total ginsenoside content of roots increased 2.37 fold. Conclusions: Growth of ginseng under a favorable light environment, such as the condition which exist naturally at 11 AM and are suitable for the plant's photosynthetic activity creates the possibility of large scale production, excellent-quality ginseng.

Denovo sequencing and analysis of the transcriptome of Panax ginseng in the leaf-expansion period.

Panax ginseng, a traditional Chinese medicine, is used worldwide for its variety of health benefits and its treatment efficacy. However, it is difficult to cultivate due to its vulnerability to environmental stresses. The present study provided the first report, to the best of our knowledge, of transcriptome analysis of ginseng at the leaf‑expansion stage. Using the Illumina sequencing platform, >40,000,000high‑quality paired‑end reads were obtained and assembled into 100,533unique sequences. When the sequences were searched against the publicly available National Center for Biotechnology Information protein database using The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, 61,599sequences exhibited similarity to known proteins. Functional annotation and classification, including use of the Gene Ontology, Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases, revealed that the activated genes in ginseng were predominantly ribonuclease‑like storage genes, environmental stress genes, pathogenesis-related genes and other antioxidant genes. A number of candidate genes in environmental stress‑associated pathways were also identified. These novel data provide useful information on the growth and development stages of ginseng, and serve as an important public information platform for further understanding of the molecular mechanisms and functional genomics of ginseng.

Effects of Vermicompost Application on the Growth and Ginsenoside Content of Panax ginseng in a Reclaimed Field

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of vermicomposts on the growth parameters and ginsenoside content of ginseng roots. Food waste vermicompost (FW), cow manure vermicompost (CM), and paper sludge vermicompost (PS) were applied at 10 and <TEX>$40t\;ha^{-1}$</TEX>, respectively. One-year-old seedlings were transplanted and 4-year-old roots were harvested. Soil nitrate and phosphate concentrations were increased in the plots applied with FW and CM at <TEX>$40t\;ha^{-1}$</TEX>. Soil pH and exchangeable Ca concentrations were higher at FW <TEX>$40t\;ha^{-1}$</TEX> than at CM <TEX>$40t\;ha^{-1}$</TEX>. Root yield increased when treated with FW <TEX>$40t\;ha^{-1}$</TEX> in comparison to the yield for the control. The incidences of root rot disease and ginsenoside content were not significantly affected by the treatments. The results suggested that application of vermicompost might not show a relationship between root biomass and ginsenoside content. It further showed that proper use of vermicompost can promote root yield without a reduction in root quality or an increase in the incidence of root rot disease in reclaimed fields.