Gingival Health Status Research Articles

Assessment of Saliva Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Gingival Health Status in a Sample of High-Functioning Autistic Children in Erbil City

Assessment of Saliva Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Gingival Health Status in a Sample of High-Functioning Autistic Children in Erbil City

Gingival Health Status among Patients Wearing Fixed Orthodontic Appliance in Erbil City

Objectives and background: People have increasing demand for orthodontic treatment and it became a common treatment plan nowadays that may affect the gingival health. However, the correlation between orthodontics and periodontal health is not clear, which troubles the clinical orthodontist during planning of the treatment. So many studies showed previously a relationship between orthodontic appliance and the dental diseases that it may cause. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between gingival health status and the duration of wearing fixed orthodontic appliance. Method: The study included 40 patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliance. Patients’ folders were analyzed according to the duration of wearing the appliance and route of breathing then comparing these two factors and their effects on plaque index, gingival index and gingival sulcus depth. Results: As the duration of wearing the appliance increased, there was an increase in the plaque accumulation and gingival bleeding on probing, except for the forth group of duration (more than 12 months with the appliance). As for breathing factor, the findings were as the following (In order from less plaque accumulation to the most, respectfully): nasal, both (nasal and mouth) and finally mouth, while with the gingival index, the data showed the opposite. Conclusion: Prolonged orthodontic treatment was associated with an increased plaque retention and increased bleeding on probing; however, the magnitude of the difference in gingival sulcus depth in both duration of wearing the appliance and different breathing routes was of no clinical significance. Breathing orally had negative effect on the oral hygiene.

Does body surface area of children affect the oral health?

To evaluate relationship between oral health and body surface area among children. The observational, cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February /2022 after approval from the ethics review committee of the College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised children of either gender aged 6-8 years who were randomly selected from primary schools in the city. Body surface area was calculated geometrically using different formulas, and the DuBois formula was used to make the intervals. The estimated body surface area values were broadly divided into four intervals: 0.8-0.9, >0.9-1.0, >1.0-1.1, >1.1. Dental caries was examined using the World Health Organisation criteria related to decayed, missed and filled teeth and surfaces for primary and permanent teeth. Dental plaque and gingival health status were measured using plaque and gingival indices. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. There were 240 subjects. There was no significant difference in terms of mean body surface area intervals of decayed, missed and filled teeth and surfaces for primary and permanent teeth (p>0.05). The mean values of gingival index showed significant differences across body surface area intervals (p<0.05). Mean plaque index values showed no significant differences (p>0.05). No relationship between body surface area and caries experience of primary and permanent teeth was found. However, increasing the body surface area increased gingival inflammation.

CORRELATION OF ORAL HEALTH LITERACY AND GINGIVAL STATUS AMONG ELDERLY IN YOGYAKARTA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Background: The aging population is growing faster in several countries around the world, including Indonesia. Oral health literacy as a personal-behavioral component has been studied and is regarded an important determinant of health as well as a causative factor for oral health disorders, which are subsequently thought to have an impact on oral health-related quality of life. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between oral health literacy and oral health status among elderly in Yogyakarta. Method: This cross-sectional study included 193 respondents aged ?60 years in Yogyakarta City. The data collection was done using interviewer-administered questionnaires (socio-demography data, health history, health behavior, and oral health literacy) and clinical examination. The Modified Gingival Index is used to determine gingival health status during a clinical examination of the oral cavity. Result: The results of this study indicated that there was a significant relationship between oral health literacy and Modified Gingival Index (p=0.01). Understanding participants' oral health literacy levels was critical for developing successful health education materials and intervention programs that enhance oral health. Conclusion: Elderly people with higher oral health literacy have better oral health outcomes.

Depression Levels in Relation to Oral Hygiene, Gingival Health Status, and Salivary Constituents in a Group of Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

In this study, the effects of depression on oral hygiene, gingival health conditions, and some salivary components (total protein, magnesium, and calcium) were explored. A total of 207 dental students aged 20-21 years (third grade) in a College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, were examined. They were distributed into four groups (normal, mild depression, moderate depression, and severe and very severe depression) according to the Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression Scoring. Oral examinations include oral hygiene (dental plaque and calculus) and gingival health status; samples were collected from 90 participants to serve as a sub-sample of the total sample and classified as follows: normal (22), mild depression (24), moderate depression (22), and moderately severe and severe depression (22) groups. Then, saliva samples were analyzed to determine the total protein, magnesium, and calcium. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 was used to analyze the data. The mean value of oral hygiene and gingival indices increased significantly with increasing severity of depression. For salivary calcium and magnesium, their values decreased with increasing severity of depression, whereas total protein values increased. Salivary calcium and magnesium were negatively correlated with oral hygiene and the gingival indices, and the highest correlations of total proteins with plaque index, calculus index, and gingival index were positive. Depressive feelings were observed in dental students. In reality, depression has a close link with oral hygiene and gingival health status, and normal constituents of saliva could be affected.

Investigation the Influence of Stress on Salivary Features, Oral Hygiene and Gingival Health Condition among a Group of Adolescents Male Students

Investigation the Influence of Stress on Salivary Features, Oral Hygiene and Gingival Health Condition among a Group of Adolescents Male Students

Oral health of chemotherapy patients before and after provision of oral hygiene instructions at a tertiary care hospital: pre-post design

ObjectiveDisturbances in the oral mucosa is a major concern among patients undergoing chemotherapy. One of the most significant barriers in the implementation of oral care is the lack of knowledge. The aim of the study was to assess gingival and periodontal health status of chemotherapy patients before and after the provision of oral hygiene instructions.MethodsA single group, pre-post test was conducted to assess oral health status of patients at the daycare chemotherapy, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Oral hygiene instructions were given with study models and leaflets. Patients were followed for 6-weeks. Oral health was assessed by using Simplified-Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Differences in indices were analyzed in STATA version-15.0 using Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) and Wilcoxon Signed-rank test.ResultsOut of 74, 53 (72%) patients completed study follow-up. Improvement in the OHI-S was found in 14 (26%) patients (p-value < 0.001). GEE showed that age [adjusted OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03–1.11], current chemotherapy cycle [adjusted OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.98–1.46], highest education level [Adjusted OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.08–12.7] and cancer therapy [Adjusted OR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.24–0.55] were significantly associated with the change in OHI-S. Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed positive changes in the CPI (p-value < 0.001).ConclusionsBasic oral hygiene instructional intervention can be effective in improving the oral hygiene of chemotherapy patients. Nurses should also play a key role in providing psychological and nutritional support to patients.

Gingival Health Status of Abutment Teeth in Acrylic Removable Partial Denture

Objective: To determine the change in gingival health status of removable partial dentures abutment tooth/teeth after 1month post-insertion Study design and setting : Quasi-Experimental Study, Department of Prosthodontics, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry Rawalpindi, from October 2021 to April 2022 Methodology: The patients underwent a thorough history and clinical examination after formal consent. Prior to recording the impression for provision of acrylic removable partial denture, the baseline scores for gingival index, plaque index and abutment teeth’s periodontal pocket depth were noted. After 30-days of placement of the acrylic removable partial denture, the patient was recalled for follow up and reassessment of score. Results: Out of 90, there were 64 (71.1%) males and 26 (28.8%) females with average age of 31.1±5.8 years. The average value of plaque index at baseline was observed to be 0.39±0.03, while mean value of gingival index at baseline was found to be 0.19±0.01. At 30 days follow up, the mean value of plaque index significantly increased to 1.21±0.07 (p=0.001). Similarly, the mean value of gingival index after 30 days insertion of the acrylic removable partial denture significantly increased to 1.50±0.09 (p=0.001). No significant difference was observed between 30 days post-insertion indices between smokers and non-smokers, males and females, and &lt;30 and &gt;30 years age groups. Conclusion: It is concluded that the gingival health of abutment teeth significantly gets affected due to removable partial denture. The plague and gingival index significantly worsen due to use of removable partial denture within a month’s time.

Assessment of Oral Hygiene and Gingival Health Condition and their Relationship with Some Salivary Variables among Boxers

Background: Background oral hygiene means the degree of cleanliness of the oral cavity. Good oral hygiene is necessary to prevent common oral diseases. Objectives: to evaluate the relation of some salivary variables to oral hygiene and gingival health conditions among Iraqi boxers. Subjects and Methods: There was a cross-sectional comparative study. The total sample consisted of 80 males, including 40 male boxing players with weights ranging from (46-60 kg) attending different sports clubs for boxers in Baghdad (study group). And 40 male school students from some schools in Baghdad (comparative groups), ages ranging from (15-16) years old. This study was conducted from January-2022 to the end of May -2022. The unstimulated salivary analysis included samples collected flow rate, pH, and Minerals (calcium and phosphate) and salivary immunoglobulin A. After that, the clinical Assessment of gingival disease, calculus and plaque were assessed. Results: The results demonstrate that plaque and calculus are higher in the study group than in the control with a significant difference in plaque index and no significant difference in calculus. Concerning correlations, a weak negative significant correlation between flow rate and plaque index in control weakens the negative significance between Gingival index and PH, while other results are insignificant. Also, Findings show a weak negative significant correlation between plaque index and salivary IgA and a weak negative significant correlation between Gingival index and calcium and phosphorous in control. Conclusions: In conclusion, boxer players were associated with high gingival index, calculus and plaque index compared to control groups.

A Cross-Sectional Study to Evaluate the Prevalence and Severity of Gingivitis among High School Students in Erbil City-Iraq.

Background and objective: There is an increase in the gingival inflammation without an associated increase in plaque level during puberty. This study aimed to find out the extensiveness and severity of gingivitis among high school students and its relation with the socioeconomic status in different areas of Erbil city. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 300 students from both genders aged between (12-17) years old were selected from different areas of Erbil city consisting of 7 high schools. The data were collected with the aid of a questionnaire by direct interview. The gingival health condition was assessed using gingival index by Löe and Silness. Results: The number of participants in public schools was (66%) of the total and private schools (34%). Regarding tooth brushing, most of the students in public schools brushed once daily (44%), while in private schools they mostly brushed twice daily (41.7%). The moderate severity of gingivitis was the highest among students in general (85.3%). The percentage of dental visits in private schools was higher than that of students in public schools (28.78%). Gingival index for public schools was (1.62) and in private schools (1.43). In general, males show a higher Gingival Index compared to females. Conclusion: The high prevalence of gingivitis shows us there’s a need for educational programs to improve the awareness and attitude towards better oral hygiene practices and the students belonging to lower socioeconomic were more affected by gingivitis. In conclusion, gingival disease was slightly more prevalent in public schools than in private schools. Keywords: Gingival index, pubertal gingivitis, tooth brushing frequency, oral hygiene practice.

Dental health status of children with diabetes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

ObjectiveThe impact of diabetes on oral diseases remains debatable. We aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries, gingival health status and knowledge, and oral hygiene level and practice in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. MethodsThe teeth of Sixty children with diabetes (33 males and 27 females; age 11.3 ± 2.2 [7–14] years) were examined for dental caries following the modified World Health Organization criteria. Data on age, sex, medical history, gingival health status and knowledge, and oral hygiene level and practice were collected from parents. ResultsIn this study, 53 % of the children had dental caries with decayed, missing, and filled primary and permanent teeth scores of 5.6 ± 3.8 and 3.6 ± 3.2, respectively, with similar scores for male and female children. Children with and without caries had similar oral hygiene practices and oral health knowledge but differed in the rates of good or fair oral hygiene status (89.2 vs. 56.6 %; P = 0.024) and normal gingival health status or mild gingivitis (96.5 vs. 81.3 %; P = 0.010). ConclusionsWe found that the oral hygiene status and rate of gingivitis differed in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus with or without dental caries.

The effect of early childhood caries on chewing function and tolerated food texture levels in preschool children.

The early form of caries can affect solid food consumption. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of oral health status on chewing performance, and tolerated food texture among preschool children suffering from early childhood caries (ECC). A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 109 children aged between 3 and 6 years, who were allocated to three groups (severe-ECC (s-ECC), ECC and control) on the basis of their caries. Chewing function was evaluated by using the 'Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale (KCPS)' and the Turkish version of the 'Mastication Observation and Evaluation instrument (T-MOE)', and the tolerated food texture was determined by the 'International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI)'. Carious lesions, oral hygiene and gingival health status were evaluated by using the 'decayed, missing, filled tooth/surface indices (dmft/s)', 'plaque and gingival indices'; respectively. A total of 56 children (51.4%) had s-ECC, 39 (35.8%) had ECC and 14 (12.8%) had no caries (control group). KCPS showed that 26 (86.7%) children suffering from s-ECC were at level 1, and 11 (100%) children were at level 2. Seven (100%) children with s-ECC had IDDSI level-5. All children with healthy oral status had IDSSI level-7. Compared to the ECC and control groups, the s-ECC group had significantly lower scores from the T-MOE total and subscale scores (p < .001). The evaluation of chewing performance during routine dental examinations of children with ECC (especially s-ECC) may considerably contribute to the early diagnosis of chewing problems and the provision of necessary oral rehabilitation.

Sign language based educational interventions vs. other educational interventions to improve the oral health of hearing-impaired individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Individuals with special needs requiring special care are more vulnerable to oral health problems. Sign language is a communication medium and language of instruction for individuals with hearing impairments. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of sign language-based educational interventions compared to other educational interventions in improving the oral health of hearing-impaired individuals. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched without any restriction on the publication date. Analytical and experimental studies that evaluated and compared the effectiveness of sign language with other educational intervention groups such as videos, posters etc were included. Initially, 5568 records were identified. Three relevant publications from India were eligible and included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Differences were reported in favour of sign language over other interventions concerning plaque status, gingival health, and oral hygiene status. Sign language-based interventions were found to be effective. However, further studies in different locations and populations are required to support their effectiveness.

Effectiveness of Oral Health Education Interventions Using Braille on Oral Health among Visually Impaired Children: Proposal for a Systematic Review

ABSTRACT To assess how oral health education (OHE) techniques using braille affect visually impaired children’s awareness of oral health, oral hygiene status and practices, plaque, gingival health, and dental caries status. From 2010 to 2020, a thorough literature search will be conducted for studies in the English language using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Open Grey. Data extraction will be done after two reviewers extensively evaluate the papers for qualifying requirements. In accordance with the research designs, a quality evaluation of the chosen studies will be conducted. With the use of the program Review Manager 5.3, a meta-analysis will be completed.

A Short-term Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Hydroalcoholic Herbal Phytonutrient Mouthrinse as an Adjunct with Scaling &amp; Root Planning in Old Age Home Inmates with Chronic Periodontitis: a Randomized Control Clinical Trial

AIM: The aim of this study is to compare &amp; evaluate clinical efficacy of a herbal phytonutrients mouthrinse with Hedychium coronarium, Echinacea, Calendula-officinalis and Ocimum sanctum extracts in patients with gingivitis &amp; chronic periodontitis in adjunct with scaling &amp; root planning. MATERIAL &amp; METHODS: 30 subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis based on periodontal examination and microbiological evaluation, were selected from an Old Age Home. The study population was randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 subjects each: Group I - Phytonutrient herbal mouthrinse, Group II - 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and Group III – Distilled water. RESULTS: ANOVA test showed significant difference in the mean values of FMPI, FMBI and PPD variables– PHT: (FMBI-P value- .005); (FMPI- P value- .002); (PPD- P value- &lt;0.001), CHX: (FMBI-P value- .003); (FMPI- P value- .441); (PPD- P value- 0.049), DW: (FMBI-P value- .089); (FMPI- P value-.081); (PPD- P value- 0.104). There was statistically significant difference in the efficacy of PHT when compared with CHX and DW mouthrinse on plaque accumulation, gingival health and oral hygiene status. CONCLUSION: Herbal phytonutrient rich-mouthrinse can prove to be effective alternatives to CHX with minimal side effects.

FEEDING PATTERN EFFECT ON ORAL HEALTH PARAMETERS AND SALIVARY IL-6 LEVEL AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Background: Interleukin-6 plays a role in both regenerative and anti-inflammatory processes as well as inflammatory reactions. Various cytokines can be produced as a result of caries, which can then trigger oral immune reactions. Different inflammatory states, such as gingivitis, periodontitis, and oral lichen planus, were discovered to have high cytokine levels. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding patterns on oral health parameters (dental caries, gingival health status) and age by measuring the level of salivary IL-6. Material and methods: The study sample included 61 children aged 4-6 years old divided into two groups (breastfeeding group and formula feeding group). The examination of the oral cavity was done on the basic method of oral health surveys of the World Health Organization by using dmfs, plaque, and gingival index according to recording protocols to measure the severity of dental caries and gingivitis. Saliva samples were collected and subjected to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test to measure the level of IL-6. Results: Data of the present study showed a highly significant difference in salivary IL-6 levels between the breastfeeding group and formula-feeding group, and the median level of IL-6 was 5.5 in the breastfeeding group while in the formula-feeding group, it was 32.2. The results were statistically significant in the breastfeeding group between IL-6 and caries rate dmfs (p0.048), IL-6 and gingival index (p0.035), and dmfs with age (p0.049), while for formula feeding group these results were statistically non-significant. Conclusion: In preschool-aged caries rate (dmfs) is strongly correlated to the salivary IL-6 level. IL-6 level has a potent relation to the gingival index with a positive direction so it can be used as an early indicator for the presence of gingivitis and carious lesion. Breastfeeding has a direct effect to reduce the level of salivary IL-6 so it will affect the correlation between IL-6 levels and oral health parameters.

Gingival health status in relation to salivary irisin in oral ulcerative patients of Diyala city, Iraq

Background: Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gingival tissue around the teeth initiated by bacteria. Irisin is a newly identified novel anti-inflammatory effect of adipocytokine. Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) remains the most common ulcerative disease in the mucosa tissue of the oral cavity, existing as repeated onset of single or multiple painful ulcers. The study aims to evaluate gingival health status in relation to salivary irisin in oral ulcerative patients of Diyala City/ Iraq. The total sample consists of 200 patients taken from the specialized dental center in Ba'aquba / Diyala governorate from January-March 2022 for both genders within the 20- 31 age group. One hundred patients complaining of recurrent aphthous ulcers without systemic diseases were selected, and 100 patients were free from recurrent aphthous ulcers. The gingival inflammation was examined and recorded using Loe and Silness (1964). According to WHO (1997), a recurrent aphthous ulcer was assessed, and salivary irisin levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the study and control groups, the prevalence of gingivitis was 100%, with a higher mean value of GI among the study group than the control group. Minor ulcer prevalence was higher than a significant ulcer. The level of irisin was higher in the study group than in the control group, and the correlation between GI and irisin was negatively weak in the study and positively weak in the control group. Keywords: Gingival health, Irisin, RAU.

The Impact of the Socioeconomic Status(SES) on the Oral Health Status Among 15 Year-Old School Adolescents In Kerbala City/Iraq

Dental caries, plaque, calculus and gingivitis are the most common and widely spread oral health conditions affecting humans at different ages. Socioeconomic status was reported to be one of the factors affecting the severity of oral diseases. The aim of the study included studying the impact of socioeconomic status on oral health variables and investigating the prevalence and severity of dental caries, gingivitis, dental plaque, and dental calculus and an excellent data baseline for planning future preventive programs. The total sample was composed of 500 male students at 15 years old selected randomly from the secondary schools in Karbala city. Assessment of the socioeconomic status using a questionnaire; information about the student's socioeconomic status (SES) was obtained from the student's guardians. Diagnosis and recording of dental caries were according to the criteria described by WHO (2013). gingival index of Loe and Silness (1963) was followed for recording gingival health condition, the Plaque index of Silness and Loe (1964) was used for plaque assessment, and the assessment of calculus was done by applying the Ramfjord index (1959). A high prevalence of dental caries (95.60%) was found, and the caries-free students represented (4.40%); the caries prevalence and severity represented by (DMFT)(DMFS) respectively and the (FS) component of the DMF were significantly affected by the socioeconomic status (SES), Dental plaque and calculus are more in low SES group than other groups, with no significant differences, The mean of gingivitis of the total sample was(1.908), also finding gingivitis is more in low SES group than other groups with a Significant difference(0.011), and regarding the Gingival severity, all subjects have the moderate type of gingivitis (1.1-2). There is a clear and significant increase in the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis concerning the socioeconomic status of this adolescent group of students. This requires good dental school health programs and improvement in the education level about the importance of oral health and more regular dental visits. Keywords: Dental caries, oral health, gingivitis, socioeconomic

Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Gingival Health Condition and Salivary Level of Prostaglandin E2 among Group of Females

Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Gingival Health Condition and Salivary Level of Prostaglandin E2 among Group of Females

Information Technology-Based Educational Video Model For Changes In Gingival Health Status In Adolescents

The health problem that is often experienced by adolescents is dental and oral hygiene, RISKESDAS data for 2018, 57.6% of Indonesian people have dental and oral health problems. Gingival problems are common in adolescents. Lack of dental and oral hygiene causes gingival inflammation. Plaque, bacteria, and calculus that accumulate on the tooth surface are the main causes of periodontal disease. Early detection that is carried out independently as well as providing solutions for prevention and treatment to patients is very necessary. Media that is currently developing among adolescents is technology-based media which is increasingly creative and can be a solution for preventing dental disease. Proving appropriate information technology-based educational videos and their effective application to changes in gingival health status in adolescents. The research method used is Research and Development (RnD) with Quasy Experiment pre-test post-test control group design. Educational video based on information technology is appropriate for changes in gingival health status with the results of expert validation of 83% and p-value 0.044 and its application is effective in increasing knowledge (p=0.000), attitude (p=0.002), skills (p=0.000), GI (p = 0.001). As well as indicated by the delta value of knowledge (2.14), attitude (1.29), skills (2.14), decreased GI score (0.44) compared to the control group. Educational videos have proven to be appropriate and effective in their application to changes in gingival health status in adolescents marked by a decrease in the gingival index score.