The Impact of the Socioeconomic Status(SES) on the Oral Health Status Among 15 Year-Old School Adolescents In Kerbala City/Iraq

Abstract

Dental caries, plaque, calculus and gingivitis are the most common and widely spread oral health conditions affecting humans at different ages. Socioeconomic status was reported to be one of the factors affecting the severity of oral diseases. The aim of the study included studying the impact of socioeconomic status on oral health variables and investigating the prevalence and severity of dental caries, gingivitis, dental plaque, and dental calculus and an excellent data baseline for planning future preventive programs. The total sample was composed of 500 male students at 15 years old selected randomly from the secondary schools in Karbala city. Assessment of the socioeconomic status using a questionnaire; information about the student's socioeconomic status (SES) was obtained from the student's guardians. Diagnosis and recording of dental caries were according to the criteria described by WHO (2013). gingival index of Loe and Silness (1963) was followed for recording gingival health condition, the Plaque index of Silness and Loe (1964) was used for plaque assessment, and the assessment of calculus was done by applying the Ramfjord index (1959). A high prevalence of dental caries (95.60%) was found, and the caries-free students represented (4.40%); the caries prevalence and severity represented by (DMFT)(DMFS) respectively and the (FS) component of the DMF were significantly affected by the socioeconomic status (SES), Dental plaque and calculus are more in low SES group than other groups, with no significant differences, The mean of gingivitis of the total sample was(1.908), also finding gingivitis is more in low SES group than other groups with a Significant difference(0.011), and regarding the Gingival severity, all subjects have the moderate type of gingivitis (1.1-2). There is a clear and significant increase in the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis concerning the socioeconomic status of this adolescent group of students. This requires good dental school health programs and improvement in the education level about the importance of oral health and more regular dental visits. Keywords: Dental caries, oral health, gingivitis, socioeconomic