Generation Of Ghosts Research Articles

Dopamine ameliorates hyperglycemic memory-induced microvascular dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy.

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that mediates visual function in the retina and diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness; however, the role of dopamine in retinal vascular dysfunction in DR remains unclear. Here, we report a mechanism of hyperglycemic memory (HGM)-induced retinal microvascular dysfunction and the protective effect of dopamine against the HGM-induced retinal microvascular leakage and abnormalities. We found that HGM induced persistent oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and fission, and adherens junction disassembly and subsequent vascular leakage after blood glucose normalization in the mouse retinas. These persistent hyperglycemic stresses were inhibited by dopamine treatment in human retinal endothelial cells and by intravitreal injection of levodopa in the retinas of HGM mice. Moreover, levodopa supplementation ameliorated HGM-induced pericyte degeneration, acellular capillary and pericyte ghost generation, and endothelial apoptosis in the mouse retinas. Our findings suggest that dopamine alleviates HGM-induced retinal microvascular leakage and abnormalities by inhibiting persistent oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

The Efficiency of Bacteriophage Lytic Enzymes in the Course of Bacterial Ghost Generation

The Efficiency of Bacteriophage Lytic Enzymes in the Course of Bacterial Ghost Generation

Offline: The generation of ghosts

What happened to our ambition for a different, better world? One has to go back to World War 2 to find a time when our species faced a catastrophe on the scale of this COVID-19 pandemic. In the early 1940s, there were some observers of the mounting global chaos who recognised a need to create a new world order. In England, two writers stood out, and their far-reaching visions contrast sharply with the surprising lack of aspiration shown by my generation today.

Salmonella Enteritidis ghost vaccine carrying the hemagglutinin globular head (HA1) domain from H1N1 virus protects against salmonellosis and influenza in chickens

This study evaluated the attenuated Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) ghost strain JOL2114 (Δlon ΔcpxR Δasd), which displays on the bacterial surface the H1N1 hemagglutinin globular head portion (HA1; amino acid residues 63-286) on the bacterial surface for protective efficacy against Salmonella and H1N1 challenge in the chicken model, as the birds are the predominant reservoirs for both diseases. The ghost system enhanced the lysis process by converging two lysis processes found in bacteriophages: bacteriophage PhiX174 lysis gene E and holin-endolysin genes found in bacteriophage λ, complemented with accessory lysis-related proteins Rz/Rz1. The present lysis machinery resulted in complete lysis of host-attenuated SE strains in about 24 hrs of incubation under a non-permissible temperature of 42 °C in the absence of L-arabinose, an antisense inducer that blocks lysis gene expression during the growth phase. SE ghost JOL2114 surface display of HA1 was confirmed by Western blot analysis resulting in an immune-reactive band of 31 kDa in size. Chicken immunization via intramuscular and oral routes yielded both SE and HA1 antigen-specific immune responses. Protective humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were effectively elicited against both Salmonella and influenza challenge. This efficient strategy of ghost generation employs a dual system of phage lysis for biological generation of SE ghosts that preserves the surface antigenic architecture, offering a rapid and effective way to generate vaccines that could be deployed in urgent circumstances to protect against both Salmonella and influenza infection.

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis ghosts displaying a surface FliC adjuvant elicit a robust immune response and effective protection against virulent challenge

Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is one of the most common culprits of foodborne disease in humans due to its horizontal transmission from infected animals to humans. The development of a safe vaccine against Salmonella would be important for both farm animals and humans concerning disease containment. The SE ghosts carrying FliC were genetically constructed using a special ghost plasmid pJHL184 that co-expressed FliC and the phage lysis gene E. These SE ghosts were characterized by ghost generation efficacy by increasing the culture temperature to “42 °C” in the absence of L-arabinose. This temperature change led to an ghost generation with almost complete lysis of the SE host strain in 48 hs. The expression of FliC was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Also, indirect ELISA was used to prove FliC specific antibody generation in immunized mice. The parenteral adjuvant effect of the FliC antigen was demonstrated by immunizing mice with pJHL184::flC, pJHL184 alone, or PBS alone. The mice were intramuscularly immunized at six weeks of age (n = 8) and boosted after three weeks of primary inoculation. A total of 32 mice were equally divided into four groups. Each group was treated with pJHL-ghosts alone, ghost surface displaying FliC adjuvant, and compared to the PBS and naïve control groups. The immunized mice demonstrated greater IgG and IgA antibody responses than did the PBS control group. Furthermore, the addition of the ghosts to the FliC led to a significant increase in both the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses compared to those in the ghost alone group. Besides, the in vitro antigen uptake and presentation studies revealed efficient antigen presentation on the mouse macrophage cell surfaces. This finding further corroborated the potential efficacy of immune stimulation by SE ghosts. After the virulent challenge, we observed a significant reduction in the bacterial load in the spleen and liver tissues in SE ghosts surface, displaying FliC adjuvant. Our results demonstrate a safe and effective strategy to prevent salmonellosis. They also suggest that the surface expression of flagellin (FliC) significantly enhances antigen-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. This FliC expression can also enhance the protective efficacy of the bacterial ghosts-based vaccine against virulent challenge.

Source ghost generation: observations from a dual near-field hydrophone test

In this paper, we investigate source ghost generation using experimental data acquired using a dual-string air-gun array instrumented with two near-field hydrophone (NFH) channels per source element instead of the usual single NFH per source element. The extra NFHs enable us to solve directly for source ghosts, sidestepping the requirement for a ghost model. Experience has shown that the standard ghost model does not always represent well the physics of ghost generation for an air-gun array. In practice this model is typically parameterized via a frequency-dependent effective reflectivity, the magnitude of which often needs to be reduced more than expected for the effects of rough sea-surface scattering. The NFH recordings in this test are compared with synthetic data to highlight problems with the standard model of ghost generation and the results suggest that acoustically induced cavitation is responsible for the observed reduction in the amplitude of the ghost. We show examples of de-signature on seismic data using operators derived with and without a ghost model and discuss the merits and potential issues going forward.

Generation and use of Edwardsiella ictaluri ghosts as a vaccine against enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC)

The enteric septicemia of channel catfish, caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri, is one of the most severe diseases in channel catfish worldwide. Currently, a safe and highly effective vaccine is urgently needed for the control of this disease. In this study, E. ictaluri ghosts (EIGs) were first generated by PhiX174 lysis gene E, and the hematological indices and relative percent of survival (RPS) were examined in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) after immunization. Generation of ghosts in the transformant of E. ictaluri carrying the plasmid pBV-lysisE was enhanced by increasing the incubation temperature up to 42°C. Lysis of E. ictaluri occurred 2h after induction and the process was complete in 6h. The efficiency of ghost induction in non-lyophilized E. ictaluri was 99.997%. Additionally, no bacterial growth was detected by culture on BHI plates after lyophilization of the ghosts. The immune response of channel catfish immunized with the E. ictaluri ghosts indicated that the number of erythrocytes and leucocytes reached a maximum value of 3.53×106 and 5.25×105cell/ml, at day 4 post-immunization, respectively, which were both significantly higher than in the control group inoculated with PBS only (P<0.01). The percentage of monocyte and neutrophils reached 7.33±1.52% and 26.3±2.08% at day 4 post-immunization, respectively. The phagocytic percentage (PP) and phagocytic index (PI) reached maximum values of 49.33±1.52% and 5.67±1.15, respectively, which were significantly higher than in control group (P<0.01). The percentage of lymphocytes and the serum antibody titers also increased significantly and peaked at 61.33±0.58% and a titer of 1:682.67 at day 21 post-immunization, respectively. The challenge evaluation showed that the RPS of immunized group was 89.3%. These results demonstrated that EIGs could induce significant immunological responses in channel catfish that resulted in high protection and suggest that EIGs may be a potential vaccine against ESC in channel catfish. Statement of relevanceIn the paper, we illustrated the generation method of Edwardsiella ictaluri ghosts and the immunological responses and protection in channel catfish after being immunized with E. ictaluri ghosts. The result of this paper indicated that E. ictaluri ghosts would be an effective approach for preventing ESC in channel catfish in the future.

Panoramic human structure maintenance based on invariant features of video frames

AbstractPanoramic photography is becoming a very popular and commonly available feature in the mobile handheld devices nowadays. In traditional panoramic photography, the human structure often becomes messy if the human changes position in the scene or during the combination step of the human structure and natural background. In this paper, we present an effective method in panorama creation to maintain the main structure of human in the panorama. In the proposed method, we use an automatic method of feature matching, and the energy map of seam carving is used to avoid the overlapping of human with the natural background. The contributions of this proposal include automated panoramic creation method and it solves the human ghost generation problem in panorama by maintaining the structure of human by energy map. Experimental results prove that the proposed system can be effectively used to compose panoramic photographs and maintain human structure in panorama.

First-quantized N=4 Yang-Mills

We present simple first-class-constraint actions and BRST operators for the 4D N=4 superparticle in terms of a super anti-de Sitter coset. Each generation of ghosts has 2 super-indices, like the coordinates. The constraints that define projective superspace close in a super Yang-Mills background due to the presence of a (non-central) U(1) generator in the algebra.

Generation of Edwardsiella tarda ghosts by bacteriophage PhiX174 lysis gene E

Bacterial ghosts generated by the controlled expression of the PhiX174 lysis gene E in Gram-negative bacteria have been known to retain the functional and antigenic determinants of the envelope with their living counterparts and thus represent ideal vaccine candidates. The objective of this study was to examine the potential utility of the PhiX174 E gene driven by the P R/cI regulatory system for the generation of Edwardsiella tarda ghosts. The lysis kinetics in E. tarda were also compared with those in Escherichia coli. Generation of ghosts in the transformants of E. coli and E. tarda carrying plasmid pλP R-cI-Elysis was performed successfully by increasing the incubation temperature up to 42 °C. Compared to E. coli, in which lysis was observed within 30 min and was completed 2 h after induction of E gene expression, onset of E. tarda lysis occurred 2 h after temperature elevation and the lysis process was completed 16 h after induction. At the end of the lysis process, the efficiency of ghost induction in non-lyophilized E. tarda was 99.99 ± 0.01%, as the results of 10 replicate experiments showed. However, no bacterial growth was detected in lyophilized E. tarda. Holes ranging from 80 to 400 nm in diameter were observed in E. tarda ghosts by scanning electron microscopy. The present advance, especially regarding the tight control of ‘ E-lysis’ and complete cell killing activity, will provide a new opportunity to improve the efficiency of vaccination against edwardsiellosis.

Narrating the Thirties: A Decade in the Making; 1930 to the Present

Acknowledgements - Introduction: A Decade Under Construction - Representing the People: the Documentary Film Movement and Mass Observation in the Thirties - In Search of the People: the Journeys of J.B. Priestley - Narratives of Empire: Journeys from the 'Centre' and 'Periphery' - 'Kept Under by a Generation of Ghosts': the War, the People and the Thirties - From the Devil's Decade to the Golden Age: the Postwar Politics of the Thirties - Pennies From Heaven: Revisiting the Thirties as Popular Culture - 'A Feeling for Tradition and Discipline': Conservatism and the Thirties in Remains of the Day - Notes - Bibliography