Carbon Intensity Research Articles

Environmental Sustainability in Dermatological Surgery. Part 1: Reducing Carbon Intensity.

This two-part review addresses the pressing need for environmental sustainability in dermatological surgery, driven by the NHS's commitment to net-zero emissions. Part 1 focuses on strategies to reduce the carbon intensity of dermatological procedures by adopting low-carbon alternatives and optimising operational resource usage. Key strategies for a system-wide reduction in environmental impact include using leveraging local suppliers to reduce transport emissions, streamlining care models, promoting efficient waste management, and using mindful prescribing practices. Another aspect is integrating sustainability into dermatological education whilst minimising the carbon footprint of surgical education. Additionally, the review provides a comprehensive overview of optimising resource use in dermatological surgery, focusing on efficient management of consumables, equipment, and energy. This includes recycling, waste segregation, transitioning to reusable personal protective equipment and surgical instruments, and applying energy-saving and sustainable water use practices. By implementing these strategies, dermatological surgery can significantly reduce its environmental impact while upholding high standards of patient care.

Integration of plant and microbial oil processing at oilcane biorefineries for more sustainable biofuel production

AbstractOilcane—an oil‐accumulating crop engineered from sugarcane—and microbial oil have the potential to improve renewable oil production and help meet the expected demand for bioderived oleochemicals and fuels. To assess the potential synergies of processing both plant and microbial oils, the economic and environmental implications of integrating microbial oil production at oilcane and sugarcane biorefineries were characterized. Due to decreased crop yields that lead to higher simulated feedstock prices and lower biorefinery capacities, current oilcane prototypes result in higher costs and carbon intensities than microbial oil from sugarcane. To inform oilcane feedstock development, we calculated the required biomass yields (as a function of oil content) for oilcane to achieve financial parity with sugarcane. At 10 dw% oil, oilcane can sustain up to 30% less yield than sugarcane and still be more profitable in all simulated scenarios. Assuming continued improvements in microbial oil production from cane juice, achieving this target results in a minimum biodiesel selling price of 1.34 [0.90, 1.85] USD∙L−1 (presented as median [5th, 95th] percentiles), a carbon intensity of 0.51 [0.47, 0.55] kg CO2e L−1, and a total biodiesel yield of 2140 [1870, 2410] L ha−1 year−1. Compared to biofuel production from soybean, this outcome is equivalent to 3.0–3.9 as much biofuel per hectare of land and a 57%–63% reduction in carbon intensity. While only 20% of simulated scenarios fell within the market price range of biodiesel (0.45–1.11 USD∙L−1), if the oilcane biomass yield would improve to 25.6 DMT∙ha−1∙y−1 (an equivalent yield to sugarcane) 87% of evaluated scenarios would have a minimum biodiesel selling price within or below the market price range.

Proposals on Effective Implementation of the Carbon Intensity Indication of Ships

The Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) regulation is a short-term measure of IMO for reducing GHG emissions from ships. In addition, the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy describes that the CII regulation is anticipated to create a potential synergy effect with other measures. Accordingly, the CII regulation, which took effect in 2023, is forecast to increasingly impact international shipping and the commercial vessel market. However, efforts to improve energy efficiency and implement slow steaming for ships are insufficient to meet the CII regulation that is increasingly stringent over time. Therefore, there is a growing need for fundamental improvements in future response strategies. In this study, major causes of low CII ratings for ships were investigated from a recent consulting project that was conducted to support shipping companies in satisfying the regulation from operational and technical perspectives. Lastly, proposals to implement the CII regulation effectively and to reduce GHG emissions from ships fundamentally were made, taking into account the major causes derived from the consulting.

Responses of yield, CH4 and N2O emissions to ratoon rice cropping and different management practices

Context or problemConversion from single rice (SR) or double rice (DR) to ratoon rice (RR) is gaining growing popularity in China. Yet, a quantitative synthesis of their impact on greenhouse gas (GHG, including methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)) emissions and grain yield has not been conducted. Objective or research questionThe objective was to evaluate the effects of conversion from SR or DR to RR on CH4 and N2O emissions, grain yield, global warming potential (GWP), and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) and to investigate the potential responses to different operating practices [alternate wetting-drying irrigation, nitrogen management, rice variety selection, and their multiple treatments (multiple measures)] in RR fields (oRR). MethodsIn this study, a comprehensive meta-analysis of 571-paired measurements from ratoon rice fields was conducted. ResultsOur results showed that the conversion from SR to RR significantly increased CH4 emissions, grain yield, and GWP by 35.4 %, 30.6 %, and 43.3 %, respectively. In contrast, the conversion from DR to RR decreased CH4 emissions, grain yield, and GWP by 23.2 %, 7.4 %, and 30.0 %, respectively. Interestingly, both conversions from SR or DR to RR did not affect N2O emissions but reduced GHGI in paddy fields, suggesting that RR provided an economically and ecologically sustainable rice planting model. Furthermore, on average, oRR further decreased CH4 and N2O emissions and GHGI from RR fields but did not affect grain yield. Among the existing management practices, the overall effect of multiple measures was better than that of alternate wetting-drying irrigation, nitrogen management, and rice variety selection. ConclusionsOverall, ratoon rice cropping decreased CH4 emissions and maintained rice grain yield. However, it is also necessary to further implement comprehensive cultivation strategies in the future to maximize the benefits of grain yield and GHG emissions reduction.

Effects of GroMore® Program on Rice Yield and GHG Emissions in a Korean Paddy Rice

The agronomic benefits of pesticides combined with amino acid application to increase rice production have been recognized, but they are still not well-known for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigation in irrigated paddy fields. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of pesticide and amino acid application on rice yield and methane (CH4) emissions in a Korean rice paddy. A field experiment was conducted with five levels: none (no pesticide application, T1), different conventional practices (combined application of insecticides and fungicide, T2 and T3), and GroMore® programs (combined application of insecticides, fungicides, and amino acids, T4 and T5). Rice grain yield and yield components were obtained using agronomic measurements. To determine the greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) of each treatment, CH4 emissions were measured throughout the rice growing period. Results showed that the chemical applications in combination with amino acids in T4 obtained a higher grain yield and number of panicles per plant compared to T1, T2, and T3, while T4 and T5 showed no difference on filled spikelets except for T2. T3 and T5 showed lower respective cumulative CH4 emissions by 30% and 32% during the entire rice growing season, compared to no chemical application (T1). Meanwhile, N2O emissions were negligible in all treatments because the paddy field was flooded most of the growing season. The results of the impact of GroMore® programs on relatively higher grain yield and lower GHG emissions are presented. In conclusion, the application of pesticides combined with amino acids obtained lower GHGI values.

Temporal and spatial analysis of fertilizer application intensity and its environmental risks in China from 1978 to 2022

Fertilizers are an essential input in agriculture as they can enhance crop yields. However, their use also poses significant environmental risks. To thoroughly explore the intensity of fertilizer use and its potential threats to the ecological environment, this study analyzed the environmental risks of fertilizer use from a temporal and spatial perspective based on fertilizer application data in China from 1978 to 2022. Additionally, the contribution of fertilizer application in Chinese farmland to greenhouse gas N2O emissions was quantified using IPCC emission factor methodology. The results indicated that fertilizer application intensity and N2O emissions in China initially increased and then decreased from 1978 to 2022. Despite the implementation of various fertilizer control measures at the policy level, such as the Zero Growth of Fertilizer Action in 2015 and the Efficiency-Increasing Action for Reducing Fertilizer Use in 2022, the intensity of fertilizer application in China still exceeded international safety standards by 1.33-fold in 2022, reaching 298.79 kg/hm2. Furthermore, N2O emissions amounted to 50.17 × 104t, accounting for 16% of China's total agricultural greenhouse gas emissions that year. Correlation and regression analyses demonstrated that with increasing fertilizer application, crop production exhibits an inverted U-shaped growth trend, indicating limited effectiveness of high-intensity fertilizer use in increasing crop yields. These findings highlight the profound greenhouse effect resulting from the use of agricultural nitrogen fertilizer. Therefore, this study proposed technical and policy-level mitigation measures to address the issues caused by excessive fertilizer application, aiming to provide insights for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution and preserving the agroecological environment.

Addition of Tannin-Containing Legumes to Native Grasslands: Effects on Enteric Methane Emissions, Nitrogen Losses and Animal Performance of Beef Cattle

Extensive cattle production on native grasslands is vital to the sustainability of the South American Pampas, and the inclusion of tannin-containing legumes can increase farm profitability, improve nitrogen (N) use and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study quantified the effects of adding tannin-containing legumes to native grasslands on enteric methane (CH4) emissions, animal performance and N balance in cattle. A crossover design trial was conducted with 22 beef heifers under two treatments: native grassland (NG) and native grassland with the addition of Lotus uliginosus and L. angustissimus (NG+L). The results showed that forage mass disappearance was similar between treatments; however, 54% of the forage disappearance in the NG+L corresponded with legumes, indicating that the heifers in this treatment consumed a better-quality diet. While individual CH4 emissions were similar between treatments, heifers grazing the NG+L showed a higher average daily gain (ADG) and lower emissions intensity than heifers grazing NGs (0.25 vs. 0.58 g CH4/g ADG, p < 0.05). Additionally, they also ingested 20% more N and were more efficient in its utilization. Incorporating tannin-containing legumes into native grasslands can improve animal productivity and N use efficiency while reducing the intensity of enteric CH4 emissions.

The role of the electricity grid in operation-induced greenhouse gas emissions by a residential building: A multi-year retrospective simulation study

In view of the growing shares of renewables in the electricity grid in combination with the electrification of hvac (heating, ventilation, air conditioning) systems in residential buildings, the grid intensity (in terms of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of electric energy) becomes increasingly sensitive to weather conditions, and synchronicity between weather and the grid becomes a more critical aspect in building performance assessment. Using building performance simulation techniques to seek robust building designs requires awareness about the uncertainties in circumstantial factors that affect performance. This 2016 – 2022 retrospective study highlights the effects of using low or high temporal resolution grid emissions intensity data on projected operation-induced carbon dioxide emissions for a terraced dwelling in the Netherlands. Building fabric quality, the occupant profile, and systems configurations (i.e., hvac and photovoltaics) are varied to investigate the effects of the applied grid model resolution. This study shows that ignoring high-resolution grid intensity data is getting increasingly problematic; applying low resolution (annual) instead of high-resolution (15-minute) grid intensity data leads to an increasingly unjustified optimistic assessment both for net and gross emissions (either or not allowing for carbon displacement by feeding locally generated electricity into the grid).

The Role of Low-Carbon Fuels and Carbon Capture in Decarbonizing the U.S. Clinker Manufacturing for Cement Production: CO2 Emissions Reduction Potentials

Low-carbon fuels, feedstocks, and energy sources can play a vital role in the decarbonization of clinker production in cement manufacturing. Fuel switching with renewable natural gas, green hydrogen, and biomass can provide a low-carbon energy source for the high-temperature process heat during the pyroprocessing steps of clinker production. However, up to 60% of CO2 emissions from clinker production are attributable to process-related CO2 emissions, which will need the simultaneous implementation of other decarbonization technologies, such as carbon capture. To evaluate the potential of fuel switching and carbon capture technologies in decarbonizing the cement industry, a study of the facility-level CO2 emissions is necessary. This study evaluates the potential for using a single low-carbon fuel as an energy source in clinker production for cement manufacturing compared to conventional clinker production (which uses a range of fuel mixes). In addition, conventional carbon capture (operated with natural gas-based steam for solvent regeneration) and electrified carbon capture configurations were designed and assessed for net-zero emission targets. Carbon emissions reductions with and without biogenic emissions credits were analyzed to ascertain their impact on the overall carbon accounting. Results show that carbon emissions intensity of cement can vary from 571 to 784 kgCO2eq/metric ton of cement without carbon capture and from 166.33 to 438.66 kgCO2eq/metric ton of cement with carbon capture. We find that when biogenic carbon credits are considered, cement production with a sustainably grown biomass as fuel source coupled with conventional carbon capture can lead to a net-negative emission cement (−271 kgCO2eq/metric ton of cement), outperforming an electrified capture design (35 kgCO2eq/metric ton of cement). The carbon accounting for the Scope 1, 2, and biogenic emissions conducted in this study is aimed at helping researchers and industry partners in the cement and concrete sector make an informed decision on the choice of fuel and decarbonization strategy to adopt.

Enhancing Portfolio Decarbonization Through SensitivityVaR and Distorted Stochastic Dominance

Recent trends in portfolio management emphasize the importance of reducing carbon footprints and aligning investments with sustainable practices. This paper introduces SensitivityVaR (SensitivityVaR), an advanced distortion risk measure that combines Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) with the Cornish–Fisher expansion. SensitivityVaR provides a more robust framework for managing risk, particularly under extreme market conditions. By incorporating first- and second-order distorted stochastic dominance criteria, we enhance portfolio decarbonization strategies, aligning financial objectives with environmental targets such as the Paris Agreement’s goal of a 7% annual reduction in carbon intensity from 2019 to 2050. Our empirical analysis evaluates the impact of integrating carbon intensity data—including Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 emissions—on portfolio optimization, focusing on key sectors like technology, energy, and consumer goods. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of SensitivityVaR in managing both risk and environmental impact. The methodology led to significant reductions in carbon intensity across different portfolio configurations, while preserving competitive risk-adjusted returns. By optimizing tail risks and limiting exposure to carbon-intensive assets, this approach produced more balanced and efficient portfolios that aligned with both financial and sustainability goals. These findings offer valuable insights for institutional investors and asset managers aiming to integrate climate considerations into their investment strategies without compromising financial performance.

Optimal scheduling of boiler electrification for process decarbonization

AbstractProcess heat electrification offers the prospect of deep decarbonization of the chemical and allied industries. Replacing fossil fuel‐fired boilers with electric units can reduce carbon emissions if the power mix has a large share of renewables. For multinational firms with plants in multiple locations, the electrification decisions should be scheduled based on grid carbon intensity projections and should also be coordinated among these subsidiaries. In addition, carbon credits can be traded among the multiple sites to allow lagging plants to reduce their carbon footprints. A novel mathematical model has been developed to optimize process heat electrification plans in multinational corporations. The model determines the optimal timing of electrification at each location, and also the necessary level of carbon trading among subsidiaries. An illustrative case study demonstrates how the model can be used to generate electrification plans that are superior to those based on simple heuristics.

Exploring resource-efficient urban mobility for sustainable low emission solutions: A case study of Ile-de-France, France.

Urban areas and their associated mobility stocks exert substantial environmental impacts, necessitating urgent mitigation efforts. However, prevailing research predominantly concentrates on operational requirements for urban mobility. Few stock studies have quantified the embodied environmental requirements of mobility stocks. This study quantified both the embodied and operational environmental requirements and examined the stock-flow-service indicators to offer a new perspective on options for low emissions on urban mobility. Focusing on the mobility dynamics of the Ile-de-France region and its three sub-regional zones from 2010 to 2018, our findings reveal a pronounced imbalance in the utilization of materials within different mobility modes (car, public transport, motorized two-wheelers, cycling, and pedestrian) across Paris, Petite Couronne, and Grande Couronne. Local disparities in the stock of mobility modes and their capacity to facilitate movement are evident, particularly when considering various service metrics (person-trip, person-travel time, and person-kilometer). Furthermore, the different patterns of service-flow-stock indicators among mobility modes are investigated to find their impacts on regional carbon emissions changes from 2010 to 2018. Stock turnover rate and service demand were the main drivers of embodied emissions of public transportation and cycling, while operational carbon intensity showed a major impact on car operational emissions. This study enriches our comprehension of the intricate interplay between resource utilization and the provision of people's mobility, thereby promoting sustainable mobility in the Ile-de-France region.

Environmental life-cycle analysis of hydrogen technology pathways in the United States

Hydrogen is a zero-carbon energy carrier with potential to decarbonize industrial and transportation sectors, but its life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions depend on its energy supply chain and carbon management measures (e.g., carbon capture and storage). Global support for clean hydrogen production and use has recently intensified. In the United States, Congress passed several laws that incentivize the production and use of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen, such as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) in 2021 and the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) in 2022, which provides tax credits of up to $3/kg depending on the carbon intensity of the produced hydrogen. A comprehensive life-cycle accounting of GHG emissions associated with hydrogen production is needed to determine the carbon intensity of hydrogen throughout its value chain. In the United States, Argonne’s R&D GREET® (Greenhouse Gases, Regulated emissions, and Energy use in Technologies) model has been widely used for hydrogen carbon intensity calculations. This paper describes the major hydrogen technology pathways considered in the United States and provides data sources and carbon intensity results for each of the hydrogen production and delivery pathways using consistent system boundaries and most recent technology performance and supply chain data.

Cross-country distribution dynamics of carbon emissions and intensity: Before and after the global financial crisis

Our study employs the distribution dynamics approach to uncover transition probabilities and the long-term evolution of relative per capita carbon emissions (REPC) and relative carbon intensity (REPGDP) across 204 countries. We split the period of analysis into pre-crisis (2000-2007), and post-crisis (2007-2016) and divided countries into four income groups. The results indicate the emergence of new convergence clubs post-crisis in both REPC and REPGDP. On the one hand, the majority (many) of the low- (high) income countries congregate to extremely low (above the global average) REPC levels in the long run. On the other hand, most of the upper-medium- (high) income economies cluster around REPGDP levels far above (below) the global average. Finally, using mobility probability plots, we identify above-average carbon emitters with the highest probabilities of diverging further above the global average in the coming years. The study delivers nascent evidence supporting the usefulness of the MPP display tool in clarifying the positions and responsibilities of specific countries in future agreements on climate change. The results support the argument for using both measures of carbon emissions as a suite of future multilateral climate negotiations and policies.

Influencing factors and predictions of carbon emissions for the chemical industry in China

As global warming increases the frequent occurrences of natural disasters, the reduction of carbon emissions has become an important issue around the world. The chemical industry is an important source of carbon emissions in China. The carbon emissions of the chemical industry are calculated from 2000 to 2019 by using the emission factor method. The logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) method is exploited to analyze the factors that influence carbon emissions, and the emissions variations are attributed to the contributions of carbon intensity, energy structure, energy intensity, industrial value-added rate, per capita industrial output value, and industrial scale. The results of decomposition show that per capita industrial output value is the main driving factor, and energy intensity is the main inhibiting factor of the chemical industry’s carbon emissions. In order to quantify the variation of carbon emissions, the extended stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) model is constructed and examined. Using the STIRPAT model, the basic scenario and energy intensity control scenario are set, and the carbon emissions are predicted, which shows that under a strict energy intensity control scenario, carbon emissions may reach a peak around 2031. The factors influencing the decomposition and prediction of carbon emissions should be helpful in reducing the carbon emissions of the chemical industry in China.

Application of straw-derived biochar: a sustainable approach to improve soil quality and crop yield and reduce N2O emissions in paddy soil.

The burning of agricultural straw is a pressing environmental issue, and identifying effective strategies for the rational utilization of straw resources is decisive for achieving sustainable development. Owing to its high carbon content and exceptional stability, straw biochar produced via pyrolysis has emerged as a key focus in multidisciplinary research. However, the efficacy of biochar in mitigating nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from paddy soils is not consistent. A 2-year field experiment was conducted and investigated the impact of biochar derived from two feedstocks (rice straw and wheat straw, pyrolyzed at 450°C) on N2O emissions, global warming potential (GWP), greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), crop yield, and soil quality. The static chamber technique was used for collecting N2O gas samples, and concentrations were analyzed through gas chromatography methods. The treatment combinations included BR0 (control), BR1 (NPK at the recommended dose, 120:60:40kgha-1), BR2 (wheat straw biochar, 5 t ha-1), and BR3 (rice straw biochar, 5 t ha-1). The results exhibited that cumulative N2O emissions from BR2 and BR3 treatments decreased by 10.55% and 13.75% respectively, compared to BR1. Lower GWP and GHGI were observed under both biochar treatments compared with BR1. The highest rice grain yield (3.48Mgha-1) and NUE (76.72%) were recorded from BR3, which also exhibitedthe lowest yield-scaled N2O emission. We observed positive correlations between soil nitrate, ammonia and water-filled pore spaces, while NUE showed negative correlations with N2O emissions. Significant (p < 0.05) improvements in soil quality were also detected in both the biochar treated plots, indicated by increased soil pH, water holding capacity, porosity, and nutrient contents. Overall, the results suggest that applying biochar at a rate of 5 t ha-1 in paddy soil is a viable nutrient management strategy with the potential to reduce reliance on inorganic fertilizers, mitigate N2O emissions, and contribute to sustainable food production.

Influence of green ICT and socioeconomic factors on sustainable development: Evidence from Chinese provinces

We examine the impact of green information communication technology, while considering the conditioning role of other seminal factors. Using panel quantile-quantile granger causality testing and method of moments quantile regression for Chinese provinces for 2000–2019, we find that green information communication technology promotion, human capital, and urbanization positively impact green growth, while globalization, energy intensity, and carbon emissions are not significant. Results highlight the importance of green information communication technology for sustainable development.

Role of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investment and natural capital stocks in achieving net-zero carbon emission

This study investigates the role of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investment and natural capital stocks in achieving net-zero carbon emissions, focusing on the Chinese economy. This study uses the data from 2013 to 2022 and applies correlation analysis, quantile process estimation, quantile-factor augmented vector autoregressive, quantile dimension regression, and robustness analysis techniques. The results confirmed that ESG investment has a significant role in net-zero carbon emission and fosters natural capital stocks in the Chinese ecosystem. The results further established that natural capital stocks significantly benefit the Chinese ecosystem and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, CO2 emission – gaseous fuel, CO2 emission – solid fuel, and carbon intensity. Moreover, natural capital stocks have a significant role in achieving net-zero carbon emissions and it accelerates gross tree cover and green agricultural yield. The study is of great interest to corporations, Chinese banks, and the government in planning and achieving net-zero carbon emissions as per Prudential Financial regulation and accounting reporting systems. Achieving net-zero carbon emission is a process-based approach; therefore, the study recommends that policymakers customize investment mechanisms and natural capital accounting standards as per the territorial requirements and execute an ecological control system to make it sustainable.

Exploring carbon footprints and carbon intensities of Indonesian provinces in a domestic and global context

Within Indonesia, the structure of consumption and production differs significantly across provinces. This implies that carbon footprints and intensities between provinces are also diverse. This paper calculates historical consumption- and production-based carbon emissions at the provincial level using a multi-scale input-output (IO) database for 2010, in which an environmentally extended multi-regional IO (EE MRIO) table for 34 Indonesian provinces is integrated in the global EE MRIO EXIOBASE with data for 43 countries and 5 rest of the world regions. Emissions from consumption are detailed by product and their points of origin, while emissions from production are detailed by industry and their destinations. Our results show the heterogeneity of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions under both sides. The Java region is a net importer of carbon emission, while Sumatra and Kalimantan are net exporters. In the global context, the Asia Pacific region plays important role in national GHG emissions. Services product contributed 57.1% of national consumption-based GHG emissions, followed by manufacture (30.6%), and agriculture (12.3%). On the national level, 63.5% of national GHG emissions are related to household consumption. There is a high disparity across provinces in Indonesia in carbon footprints. Provincial average per capita carbon footprints vary from 2 t CO2e/capita in East Nusa Tenggara to 13.84 t CO2e/capita in East Kalimantan. Carbon intensity also varies from 0.83 kt CO2e/M Euro in Jakarta to 2.37 kt CO2e/M Euro in North Kalimantan. Agriculture and food products dominate household carbon footprints, while construction leads in government carbon footprints. Utilities and transportation services play important roles on national carbon intensities. We further correlated the Human Development Index (HDI) with per capita carbon footprints and expenditure, and find that provinces with similar GHG emissions and expenditure per capita income as Java, tend to have a lower HDI. Understanding development status and province-level characteristics is important for selecting policy strategies.

Path of Co-control of Pollution and Carbon Emissions Reduction in Typical Parks of Pharmaceutical and Health Industry in Beijing

The agglomeration of carbon emissions from the pharmaceutical and health industry has been growing gradually in Beijing. Conducting research on the path of co-control of pollution and carbon emission reduction in industrial parks is essential to realize synergy between economic development, pollution reduction, and green low-carbon. Based on the production activity data in 2020 of two typical parks of manufacturing and R&D, we selected six measures for co-control of pollution and carbon emission reduction and set up a synergistic development scenario to explore the collaborative development path of different types of parks. The results showed that： ① The primary carbon emission source in the two parks was energy consumption, such as natural gas and electricity, whereas the major pollution source was from key polluting enterprises. The emissions in the R&D park were significantly lower than those in manufacturing parks, with atmospheric pollutant emissions accounting for 25% of the manufacturing park's emissions. ② Energy structure and intensity, along with pollutant emission reduction measures, contributed 62.6% and 37.4% to pollution and carbon emission reduction for the R&D park and 81.6% and 13.5% for manufacturing park, respectively. ③ Adjusting the energy structure of the park and prioritizing the management of key polluting enterprises could achieve synergistic emission reduction, with the rate of emission reduction primarily reflecting atmospheric pollutants. Reducing energy intensity could also facilitate synergistic emission reduction, with a rapid rate of carbon emission reduction. Optimizing the industrial structure could lead to different degrees of pollution and carbon emissions increasing synergistically or not synergistically, owing to the particularity of the industrial structure of the park. ④ Applying measures to adjust the energy structure and reduce energy intensity and pollutant emissions into the collaborative path should be a priority. The governance scope of key polluting enterprises should be appropriately expanded in manufacturing parks. The synergistic effect of public environmental protection facilities of R&D parks should be focused on, in addition to reducing corporate pollutant emissions. Measures to optimize industrial structure at the park level should be adjusted to local conditions and scientifically guide industrial transformation and the settlement of high-tech enterprises.