Gettysburg College Research Articles

Elijah P. Lovejoy: Abolitionist Editor

Journal Article Elijah P. Lovejoy: Abolitionist Editor. By Merton L. Dillon. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1961. xii + 190 pp. Notes, bibliography, and index. $4.75.) Get access Robert L. Bloom Robert L. Bloom Gettysburg College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 49, Issue 1, June 1962, Pages 136–137, https://doi.org/10.2307/1889494 Published: 01 June 1962

Abraham Lincoln and the Politicians

ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND THE POLITICIANS William B. Hesseltine THE PEOPLE, DECLABED THE I WENI Y-EICHT-YEAR-OLD LEGISLATOR, were not suffering great injuries. "No Sir, it is the politician who is the first to sound the alarm---- Itishe,who, by theseunholy means, is endeavoring to blowup a storm thathe may ride upon and direct. . . . This movement is exclusively the work of politicians; a set of men who have interests aside from the interests of the people, and who, to say the most of them, are, taken as a mass, at least one long step removed from honest men."1 Forthe remaining halfofhis life, Abraham Lincoln clung to his opinion of politicians. Although he added the ruefully facetious remark, "I say this with the greater freedom because, being a poUtician myself, none can regard it as personal,"he mainly reserved the term for his opponents , and especially for Democrats. "If the politicians and leaders of parties were as true as the people, there would be little fear," he told a crowd in Lawrenceburg, Indiana on his fifty-second birthday, and three dayslater,inPittsburgh,heexplained in words reminiscent ofhis speech in the IlUnois legislature ". . . there is no crisis, except such a one as may be gotten up at any time by designing poUticians."* "You are quite a female poUtician," he told Jesse Fremont when she irritated him by explaining the effect her husband's emancipation order would have on British sentiment.3 "May I inquire how long it took you and the New Yorkpoliticians to concoctthat paper?"he asked a group ofTennesseans Df. Hesselttne isone ofthe most well-known andrespected Lincoln scholars in the world. His more recent works include: Lincoln's Plan of Reconstruction and Three Against Lincoln: Murat Hulstead Reports the Caucuses of 1860. This article was one offour addresses deliveredat the ThirdAnnual CwQ, War Conference, sponsored by Gettysburg College, November 19-21, 1959. ? Roy P. Basler, ed., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln ( New Brunswick, 1953 ), 1,65-ßß.» Ibid., TV, 197, 211. 3 AUen Nevins, The War for the Union (New York, 1959), I, 338, 428. 43 44WILLI A M B. HESSELTINE who protested against Andrew Johnson's arrangements for the election of 1864.·· Yet, however low his opinion of politicians, Abraham Lincoln took an active interest in the minutiae of poUtics. Formally he could advise a Young Man's Lyceum tolet"reverencefor thelaws . . . become the political religion of the nation," whüe from the elevated post of congressman he could instruct young Billy Hemdon on forming a "Rough and Ready Club.""Take in everybody you can get . . . gather up all the shrewd wild boys about town. . . . Let everyone play the part he can play best—some speak, some sing, and all hollow."5 He added example to precept. He attended meetings, and, with more talent for speaking than for singing, he spoke on every occasion. He carefully surveyed the prospects of the Whigs in each electoral campaign, and once stood for election to the legislature only to resign upon winning. "I only aUowed myseU to be elected," he explained, "because it was thought my doing so would help [Richard] Yates."8 He understood the necessity for preparing careful lists ofvoters and organizing them—and even for "working so quiet that the adversary shall not be notified." As for money, its use, "in the main," was wrong—"but for certain objects, in a political contest, the use of some, is both right and indispensable." So saying, he promised one hundred doUars to a prospective delegate to the Chicago Wigwam.7 With so intimate a knowledge of the precepts and practice of politics, Lincoln found it easy, as president-elect, to deal with such experienced political engineers as Thurlow Weed and Simon Cameron. He was fully, even keenly, aware of the role of patronage in building and maintaining a poUtical party. When rumor reached Illinois in 1849 that Zachary Taylor was about to appoint Justin Butterfield as Commissioner of the General Land Office, Lincoln raised a hue and cry and wrote vigorously to leading Whigs to bring pressure on the president. Butterfield's appointment, he assured them, would be an "egregious poUtical blunder." It would "dissatisfy, rather than gratify," the...

A Major Result Of the Civil War

Author-historian Aüan Nevins retired recently from the Columbia University faculty and is now on the staff of the Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, California. In November, 1957, he organized and directed a conference on the CMl War asa feature ofthe 125th anniversary of Gettysburg College. This lecture was one of *ix presented to the large popular audiences which attended the the conference. A Major Result Of the Civil War ALLAN NEVINS Thomas carlyle shrank in horror from our Civil War. The fact that multitudes of Americans should take to butchering one another seemed to him an indictment of our democracy; the issue of the Negroes' status struck him as far from justifying such a holocaust of lives and property. His remark that the war was a fire in a dirty chimney, and his little fable called "Ilias Americana in Nuce" deeply offended the North. Among the Northern soldiers who gave their lives were two gallant young men, Robert Gould Shaw and Charles Russell Lowell, who had warmly admired Carlyle. Shaw, leader of Massachusetts colored troops, died in trying to capture Fort Wagner; Lowell, who had married Shaw's sister Josephine, was slain at Cedar Creek. Both were graduates of Harvard. Three years after the war short biographies of them, and of ninety-five others who had been killed, appeared in the Harvard Memorial Biographies, edited by Thomas Wentworth Higginson. Thereupon Charles Lowell's young widow, Mrs. Josephine Shaw Lowell, sent the volumes to Carlyle, with a note describing their admiration of him, and a request that he read their lives, and reconsider his views on the war. Carlyle replied, in a letter here published for the first time: Chelsea—10 March, 1870 Dear Madam I rec'd your gende, land and beautiful message, and in obedience to so touching a command, soft to me as sunlight or moonlight, but imperative as few eld be, I have read diose lives you marked for me; with several of the odiers and intend to read die whole before I finish. Many thanks to you for 237 238ALLAN NEVINS these Volumes and diat note. It would need a heart much harder than mine not to recognize the high and noble spirit that dwelt in diese young men, dieir heroic readiness, complete devotedness, dieir patience, diligence, shining valour& virtue in the cause they saw to be the highest—while alas any difference I may feel on diat latterpoint, only deepens to me die sorrowful and noble tragedy [tiiat] each of their brief Uves is. You may believe me, Madam, I would strew flowers on tiieir graves along with you, and piously bid tiiem rest in Hope. It is not doubtful to me tiiat tiiey also have added dieir mite to what is the eternal cause of God and man; or that, in circuitous but sure ways, all men, Black & White, will infallibly get their profit out of the same. With many thanks & regards, dear Madam, I remain Yrs sincerely T. Carlyle. They "added their mite" to the "eternal cause of God and man." So Francis Parkman had earlier written Mrs. Robert Gould Shaw, saying that he envied her husband his death, so eloquent of the highest consecration . Many of the gains and losses of any great war are intangible and incomputable . No one can say whether the gain to society of the work two such rare spirits as Robert Gould Shaw and Charles R. Lowell would have done, had they lived, was greater than the gain from the heroic example they set. Other gains and losses, some material, some moral, can partly be appraised. But in looking at the effects of the war, it is safe to lay down two generalizations at the outset: The tremendous magnitude of the change it wrought was not anticipated in its early phases, and the nature ofthe change was not and could not be accurately analyzed when it closed in 1865. To be sure, some of its consequences were foreseen. Shrewd men perceived in 1861 that if the war was protracted and ended in Northern victory, it would strengthen not only the Union and the federal government , butthe spirit ofnational unity. They perceived that it would result in...

The Religion Teacher and the Churches

OMETIMES college and university instructors protest against the suggestion that they have a responsibility for the public relations of their institution. Such protests arise because the concept of public relations has often assumed rather undesirable connotations, and not always without justification. To some, public relations suggests primarily the effort to keep everybody happy and further it suggests accomplishing this end by trying to tone down or eliminate any elements in the college community whose heterodoxy of ideas or of activities might be distasteful to actual or potential friends of the college. Now it is true that the goal of a public relations program might be stated in terms of the happiness and consequent loyal support on the part of an institution's various constituencies, provided the sense in which the term happiness is used is made clear. As here used, it does not refer to an easygoing, 'soporific kind of feeling. Rather it refers to a more active feeling of approval and satisfaction. This kind of feeling on the part of an institution's constituency results from a clear and intelligent grasp of the institution's aims and purposes. The role, then, of a public relations program is to interpret the program and aims of an institution in such a way that actual and potential friends of the institution will both understand them and because of this understanding enthusiastically support them. Or expressed in another way, the concern of a public relations program is to bring about as close an identification as possible between the interests and desires of an institution's constituency and the actual program and purposes of the institution. Among the more important constituencies of the church-related college are the churches themselves. Churches often have a particular interest in the religion department. This is due to the perfectly understandable feeling that the religion department is a direct ally of the church in its program of Christian education. Such a feeling is reflected in the fact that some grants from churches to colleges have been and are tied to the instructional program in religion. It is not surprising, then, that the teacher of religion is often the point of focus of the church's interest in the program of the college. For this reason, the teacher of religion occupies a strategic position so far as the institution's relations with the church are concerned. However, while recognizing the strategic nature public relations-wise of the religion teacher's position, it is essential that the responsibility for interpreting the role of the religion teacher in relation to the over-all aims of the institu* WILLIAM F. QUILLIAN, JR. became president of Randolph-Macon Woman's College in the summer of 1952. Prior to that time he had served as Professor of Philosophy at Ohio Wesleyan University and at Gettysburg College. He is author of The Moral Theory of Evolutionary Naturalism and of numerous articles. This paper was read at the 1952 Institute of Higher Education sponsored by the Board of Education of the Methodist Church.

Observations on the structure of the reproductive organs of the box turtle

Journal of MorphologyVolume 89, Issue 3 p. 599-621 Article Observations on the structure of the reproductive organs of the box turtle† Paul D. Altland, Paul D. Altland National Instiute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases National Institute of Health, Public Health Service Federal Security Agency, Bethesda, Md.Search for more papers by this author Paul D. Altland, Paul D. Altland National Instiute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases National Institute of Health, Public Health Service Federal Security Agency, Bethesda, Md.Search for more papers by this author First published: November 1951 https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050890307Citations: 35 † I wish to express thanks to the Biology Department of Gettysburg College for providing facilities for part of this study. Also thanks go to Dr. Harris Fister for technical assistance during preliminary studies. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume89, Issue3November 1951Pages 599-621 RelatedInformation

Introduction to German

Introduction to German

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:Elements of the Differential and Integral Calculus, Revised Edition, by William Anthony Granville, Ph.D., LL.D., Formerly President of Gettysburg College; Percey F. Smith, Ph.D., and William Raymond Longley, Ph.D., Professors of Mathematics, Yale University.Calculus, by Alfred J. Nelson, Professor of Mathematics; Karl W. Folley, Associate Professor of Mathematics; and William M. Borgman, Assistant Professor of Mathematics, Wayne University.Essentials of Trigonometry with Applications, by David Raymond Curtiss and Elton James Moulton, Professors of Mathematics, Northwestern University.Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, by Paul R. Rider, Ph.D. Professor of Mathematics, Washington University.Introduction to Physics, by Harley Howe, Professor of Physics, Cornell University.The Stone that Burns, by William HaynesHow to Locate Educational Information and Data, by Carter Alexander, Ph.D.Symposium on Diamonds, by Edward H. Kraus, Sydney H. Ball, Lazare Kaplan, Paul L. Hertz, Alexander Shayne, Chester B. Slawson, A. A. Klein, Harry Berman.

The Automobile Clubs and the Courts

Until fairly recently it had apparently been the general practice of motor clubs to furnish their members with certain services of a legal nature in connection with their memberships or contracts.1 Since I93i a number of cases have arisen in which it has been charged that the automobile clubs in rendering these services are engaged in the unauthorized practice of law.2 In all of the cases which have been brought to the courts of last resort-except in one instance3-this charge has been sustained4 against the motor clubs. Usually no emphasis has been placed upon any particular type of service rendered by the clubs, but the courts have simply found that the practices as a whole constituted unauthorized practice of law. On this account it has been deemed unnecessary to deal separately with the specific services rendered by each motor club in the discussion of the individual decisions. All of the clubs involved in these cases had been providing for defense of members in magistrate and police courts for minor charges under the motor vehicle laws, and some even handled more serious charges, such as manslaughter. Most of them also were prepared to give legal advice to their members on matters with reference to the use or ownership of their automobiles, and to defend property damage suits brought against members as a. result of collisions. Some had provisions for defense of personal injury claims and for prosecution of civil claims, and at least one provided for prosecution of criminal charges on behalf of members in courts without regular prosecuting attorneys.5 * A.B., 1935, Gettysburg College. Now a member of the third year class in the Duke University Law School. Member of the Editorial Board, Duke Bar Association Journal. 1 Results of private investigation indicate that these practices are being continued, apparently without active disapproval on the part of the bar, in at least a few of the states whose courts have not considered the question. 2People ex rel. Chicago Bar Association v. Motorists' Association of Illinois, 354 Ill. 595, I88 N. E. 827 (I933); People ex rel. Chicago Bar Association v. Chicago Motor Club, 362 Ill. 50, I99 N. E. i (i935); In re Maclub of America, 3 N. E. (2d) 272 (Mass. 1936); In re Thibodeau, 3 N. E. (2d) 749 (Mass. 1936); State ex rel. Seawell v. Carolina Motor Club, 209 N. C. 624, I84 S. E. 540 (1936); Rhode Island Bar Association v. Automobile Service Association, 55 R. I. 122, 179 Atl. 139 (I935); Yeats v. Automobile Owners Association of Florida, BRAND, UNAUTHORIZED PRACnCE DECISIONS (1937) 326 (C. C. Fla. I934); Schuur v. Detroit Automobile Club, id. at 698 (C. C. Mich. 1937); Goodman v. Motorists' Alliance, 29 Ohio N. P. (N. S.) 3I (C. P. 1931); Dworken v. Cleveland Auto Club, 29 Ohio N. P. (N. S.) 607 (C. P. 1931). 'In re Thibodeau, supra note 2. 4Several cases have arisen also in the lower courts of Ohio (Goodman v. Motorists' Alliance, and Dworken v. Cleveland Auto Club, both supra note 2), and one in a Florida lower court (Yeats v. Automobile Owners Association of Florida, supra note 2), in all of which injunctions were granted against incorporated motor clubs which were furnishing legal services. 6 State ex rel. Seawell v. Carolina Motor Club, supra note 2.

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:Plane Trigonometry, by Ernest Jackson Oglesby and Hollis Cooley, Department of Mathematics, Washington Square College, New York University. Pp.Modern Geometry, An Elementary Treatise on the Geometry of the Triangle and the Circle, by Roger A. Johnson, Associate Professor of Mathematics, Hunter College of the City of New York, under the Editorship of John Wesley Young, Professor of Mathematics, Darmouth College. Pp.Elements of the Differential and Integral Calculus, by William Anthony Granville, formerly President of Gettysburg College. Revised by Percy F. Smith and William Raymond Longley, Professors of Mathematics at Yale University. Pp.New Laboratory Experiments in Practical Physics, by W. Henry Black, Assistant Professor of Education, Harvard University.Physics of the Home, A Textbook for students of Home Economics by Frederick A. Osborn, Professor of Physics, University of Washington. Second Edition. Cloth. Pages xiv + 397. 13.5times20.5 cm.Experimental Science by A. Frederick Collins. Illustrated by the author. Cloth. Pages xvi + 280. 12.5times18.5 cm. 1929.The Teaching Unit, A Type Study, by Douglas Waples, Professor of Educational Method, University of Chicago, and Charles A. Stone, Instructor in Mathematics, University High School, Chicago.Manual of the Vertebrate Animals of the Northeastern United States, by David Starr Jordan, Chancellor Emeritus of Leland Stanford Junior University, with an Introduction by Barton Warren Evermann, California Academy of Sciences.