German National Research Articles

Elective Affinity: the Geist of Israel in Heidegger’s Free Use of the German National

Abstract This article examines the way Heidegger’s account of the unique spiritual mission of the German people is haunted by certain conceptions of the election of Israel. I argue that Heidegger’s political ontology is informed by three conceptions of the mission of Israel: biblical salvation history, kabbalistic panentheism, and Germany literary Hebraism. To link these disparate historical phenomena to Heidegger’s account of the mission of being German, I develop a methodological approach for understanding Heidegger’s “free use of the national” that accounts for the way it binds different sources into a new figure that is haunted by the spirit of Israel.

Aiming high: Learning investments in German upper secondary education. Differences between immigrant and non-immigrant youth

This article addresses important aspects of the largely unexplored interplay between high educational aspirations and low academic achievement in migratory contexts. Using data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), I examine the determinants of learning investments of students who changed from vocational to academic tracking at the transition to upper secondary education. I also explore additional social challenges to upward track mobility that might affect immigrant students in a particular way. As educational disparities are often interpreted as a cumulative consequence of class- and migration-specific educational choices, I develop a learning investment model that explains differences in learning investments between immigrant and non-immigrant youth. I introduce the essential mechanisms of psychological motivation theory into a subjective expected utility (SEU) model, which allows for a specific examination of the relationship between educational aspirations, motivation, and learning investments. Results show that newcomers to academic tracking are more likely to invest in learning. Yet, learning investments in upward mobility processes may be influenced by the different learning environments of stratified education and by family dynamics. Here, I find differences between immigrant and non-immigrant youth. Thus, introducing motivational factors into an SEU model helps to understand when youth invest in learning.

Context of implementation of mental health fremekork in Blumenau, Brazil (evidence based)

IntroductionPromoting high quality mental health (MS) services is an obligation of many social agents due to the impact of these diseases on the population. Making care increasingly evidence-based does not depend exclusively on technical training, but also on gradual and functional changes in the structure of an institution. Improving the quality of services in MH is a predominantly social intervention, in which it is necessary to group and interpret complex data. They represent real-time interventions in a real world by teams delivering health services.ObjectivesDescribe the context where the MH service (iNC) is inserted, its main characteristics and purposes.Methods Mixed study identifying the location, socio-demographic data, characteristics and fundamentals of an organization providing services in MH that proposes to act based on evidence.Results iNC is a private secondary care institution located in the city of Blumenau, Vale do Itajaí, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil (FIG 1). Vale do Itajaí is a mesoregion with approximately 1.5 million inhabitants composed of small regions: Blumenau, Itajaí Ituporanga and Rio do Sul. Most of the population is of German and Italian descent. Blumenau has 361,261 inhabitants, an average monthly income of 2.9 minimum wages, 97% of schooling between 6-14 years old and the number of deaths of 6.48 (1000 live births). iNC is located in the center of the city (3-story building) with a clinical staff idealized for 3 psychiatrists, 16 psychologists, 4 nutritionists, 1 nurse, 1 nursing technician and 1 physical educator in face-to-face and online, individual and in-person sessions group. Performs care for adult patients between 18-70 years. Its missions are: to promote MS care from an interdisciplinary perspective, to provide health interventions supported by the best individualized scientific evidence and to encourage teaching and research in the field of MH. Its guiding principles are: psychopathology and nosology (DSM-5 and CID-11), neuroscience and psychopharmacology, mood, anxiety, sleep, eating and obesity disorders (FIG 2), psychological treatments and psychoeducation, assessment instruments in MH and neuropsychology, evidence-based medicine, health promotion and disease prevention.ConclusionsIdentifying, measuring and quantifying a local assistance service in MH can help in its development and allow comparisons over time. The improvement of services depends on multiple factors and is necessary for their development, both for researchers, implementers, health professionals and patients.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

‘GRADE, WEIL ICH MICH ALS DEUTSCHEN FÜHLE’: THE PROGRESSIVE PATRIOTISM OF DIE WELTBÜHNE

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the under‐researched phenomenon of left‐wing patriotism through the prism of the Weimar‐era weekly journal Die Weltbühne. Drawing on my recently completed doctoral thesis on this subject, I argue that patriotism and nationalism must be understood as two separate concepts capable of being driven by contrasting political agendas. To this end, I first critically examine a handful of canonical studies of nationalism and patriotism, pointing out a pronounced tendency in scholarship both to equate the two and to undermine the basis for existence of any form of patriotism. I then trace the origins of left‐wing German patriotism back to the early nineteenth century, briefly considering two texts by Heinrich Heine, Deutschland. Ein Wintermärchen and Zur Geschichte der Religion und Philosophie in Deutschland, before turning to my case study. Choosing a small but representative number of texts from the journal's expansive corpus, I set out the three pillars on which my analysis depends: regionalism, internationalism and socialism. In so doing, I demonstrate the need to revise our understanding both of the position of Die Weltbühne within Weimar journalism and of the potential of patriotism to serve progressive political ends.

An Imperial Homeland: Forging German Identity in Southwest Africa

An Imperial Homeland: Forging German Identity in Southwest Africa

Danish translation and validation of the Parotidectomy Outcome Inventory 8.

Complications and recurrence within benign salivary gland surgery are not systematically registered in Denmark. Patient-reported outcome measures are increasingly included in clinical and health policy decision-making, and therefore it is crucial that this type of data is valid. A patient-reported questionnaire regarding outcome after benign parotid gland surgery has been developed and implemented in a national German database. We aimed to translate the Parotidectomy Outcome Inventory 8 (POI-8) into Danish and validate it. The questionnaire was translated. The study population was recruited from a single centre from 6 December 2019 to 1 June 2022. Patients > 18 years of age who had undergone their first parotid salivary gland surgery for a benign tumour were included. The questionnaire underwent pilot-testing and test-retesting; it was sent to respondents twice at a 14-day interval. For the categorical variables, the reliability of the items was tested using the weighted kappa-coefficient. A weighted kappa coefficient of 0.74 and Cronbach's alpha of 0.78 were found. No significant difference was found between testing at day 0 and 14. We have translated and validated the Danish version of the POI-8, finding acceptable levels of the weighted kappa coefficient and Cronbach's alpha. We suggest the systematic use of PROMs in Danish healthcare and specifically in parotidectomy for benign neoplasms. No funding. Not relevant.

Integration of architecture and culture on the example of National houses in the city of Chernivtsi

Today, the preservation of historical and cultural heritage is a prerequisite for the development of the nation and its culture. National Houses were built with different architectural features of a particular community. The most important events of the national and cultural life of the city took place there, libraries and reading rooms, artistic groups, choirs, drama clubs, and theatres worked there. Later, public, political, educational, artistic, professional, and other organizations were formed there. The purpose of the publication is to study the development of the National Houses and the stages of formation of cultural trends in the multinational city of Chernivtsi. Chernivtsi is a multinational and multicultural city that has been shaped over the centuries by various historical factors. For more than a century and a half, the city has had five National Houses, which symbolized the five most powerful national groups: German, Polish, Ukrainian, Jewish and Romanian. The National Houses were built as meeting places. At the same time, they were meant to express the confidence and pride of the ethnic groups, each of which tried to present itself, its culture and economic strength in beautiful, presentable buildings. Analysing Ludwig West's map, it can be stated that the Ukrainian (1), Polish (2), Jewish (3), and German (4) National Houses built or rebuilt (between 1899 and 1910) are located in the central part of the city – Theatre Square, O. Kobylianska Street (Herren Gasse), and the corner of Ukrains`ka and Petrovich Streets (Schlangen Gasse / Petrowicz Gasse). The Romanian National House (5) (built in the 1940s) is located in a vacant area next to the Jewish National House on the Theatre Square (Elisabeth Platz).

Pilonidal disease: comparative analysis of leading professional organizations clinical guidelines

pilonidal disease is an inflammatory disease that is most often localized in the sacrococcygeal area and is characterized by the formation of a cyst or abscess with the possible secondary formation of fistulas. Pilonidal disease is a fairly common disease, according to individual studies, the incidence ranges from 26 cases per 100,000 people (USA) to 48 per 100,000 people (Germany). Men are three times more likely to suffer than women. Most often, the disease manifests itself between the ages of 18 and 30. The risk factors for developing the disease are: excess weight, increased hair growth, chronic trauma to the sacrococcygeal area and anatomical features of the gluteal cleft (its shape, depth, configuration). The occurrence and development of the disease in persons of working age often leads to a sharp decrease in work capacity and quality of life. There is still no single, generally accepted classification of pilonidal disease in the world. Today, there are 3 clinical guidelines created by professional associations (USA, Germany, Italy), based on the principles of evidence-based medicine. The purpose of the study is to perform a comparative analysis of the main points of the clinical guidelines of leading professional organizations (German National Guideline on the management of pilonidal disease, The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons' Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Pilonidal Disease, Consensus statement of the Italian society of colorectal surgery: management and treatment of pilonidal disease) regarding the clinical-diagnostic approach and the choice of optimal treatment tactics for patients with certain forms of pilonidal disease. In the study, a review and comparative analysis of literary sources from the scientific databases of medical literature PubMed Central (U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Library of Medicine), ScienceDirect (Elsevier publishing house), Wiley online library, Springer Link, Cochrane library, materials of the 3rd International Pilonidal Conference ( 2023, Copenhagen, Denmark) and clinical guidelines of specialized organizations of the USA, Germany and Italy. The following issues of diagnosis and treatment of diseases are selected for comparative analysis: choice of prevention method and non-surgical procedures that reduce the risk of disease recurrence; choice of treatment method and assessment of its necessity for asymptomatic pilonidal cysts; the choice of a surgical method of treatment for symptomatic pilonidal cysts; the choice of a method of surgical treatment for a recurrent form of PC. According to the performed analysis, it can be concluded that the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies reflected in the clinical guidelines are based on the evidence base and the analysis of research data conducted in the field of treatment of pilonidal disease, which leads to the existence of an essential correlation between the recommendations related to the choice of a method of prevention and non-surgical procedures that reduce the risk of recurrence of the disease, the method of treatment and assessment of its necessity for the asymptomatic form of the disease, methods of surgical treatment of the recurrent form of the disease. There are differences between clinical guidelines due to varying general consensus structures and main questions chosen to form a list of general provisions.

Dying at home: What is needed? Findings from a nationwide retrospective cross-sectional online survey of bereaved people in Germany.

According to the "Last Year of Life in Cologne" study, 68% of patients with a serious and terminal illness wanted to die at home, but 42% died in hospital. Only 1 in 5 died at home. Most people want to spend their last days and hours at home, but the reality is that this is not always possible. Recommendations are needed on how best to support families to enable people to die at home - if this is their preferred place of death. Our aim was to identify the factors that make it possible for people to die at home and to analyze factors of dying at home. Germany-wide quantitative cross-sectional online survey of bereaved adult relatives. The needs of 320 relatives of patients who wished to die at home were explored. Of these, 198 patients died at home and 122 did not. In the last 3 months of life, caregivers needed support in managing out-of-hours care (p < 0.001), financing (p = 0.012), preparing and organizing home care (both p < 0.001), communicating with the patient and medical staff (p = 0.012 and p = 0.009, respectively), and pain management (p < 0.001). Relatives whose next of kin did not die at home had higher needs, suggesting that these factors are key to home care of the dying. The process of dying at home begins long before the actual dying phase. To minimize caregiver burden and improve symptom management, advanced home care plans are needed, with ongoing reassessment of family preferences and abilities.

Parental stress and working situation during the COVID-19 shutdown – Effects on children’s skill development

ObjectiveThis study examines whether parental emotional distress during the first pandemic-related school shutdown in 2020 in Germany affected the development of primary school students’ mathematical skills and investigates changes in parents’ working conditions as triggers of cascading stress processes. BackgroundThe Family Stress Model (FSM) explains the mechanisms that mediate between families’ structural conditions and children's developmental outcomes. Foundational works for this approach focus on historic events that instigate rapid structural changes which, in turn, undermine families' economic situation. The economic losses trigger stress processes. Research on the COVID-19 pandemic reports heightened levels of parental stress and negative impacts on children's cognitive and socioemotional development. This study examines the role of parental emotional distress during the COVID-19 shutdown on children's cognitive development. Expanding on the classical FSM, we hypothesize that changes in parents' working situation, rather than economic changes, may have triggered family stress processes during the shutdown, as federal support largely cushioned economic cutbacks in Germany. MethodFor the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), interviews were conducted with parents, and primary school students in Starting Cohort 1 were tested after the first shutdown in 2020. The database provides rich information from survey waves prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing a longitudinal analysis of a sample of 1512 primary school students with ordinary least squares regression. ResultsParents’ emotional distress during the pandemic had a robust negative effect on students’ mathematical skills, even when controlling for prior parenting stress. Changes in parents’ working conditions also had an effect on children’s test scores, and the negative effect of working from home on the test scores was mediated by parents’ emotional distress. ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic was a historic event which, at least in Germany, challenged the mental health of many parents and, in turn, impaired the skill development of primary school students. We introduce the role of changes in working conditions as triggers of such processes.

Опыт Германии и Италии введения уголовной ответственности за допинг в спорте

The article analyzes the legislative and law enforcement practice of countries such as Germany and Italy in terms of criminalizing the facts of doping in sports. The aim of the authors is to study the national German and Italian experience as representatives of the Romano-German legal family in terms of improving the mechanisms for combating the use of prohibited means and methods, determining intent and bringing to justice. According to the results of the study, the authors concluded that criminal liability mainly occurs for intentional violation of anti-doping rules, while the burden of proof lies on law enforcement agencies experiencing great difficulties in proving intent, including due to limited knowledge in the field of sports law and training /competition processes.

Can Short-Term Online-Monitoring Improve the Current WFD Water Quality Assessment Regime? Systematic Resampling of High-Resolution Data from Four Saxon Catchments

The European Union Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC; WFD) aims to achieve a good ecological and chemical status of all bodies of surface water by 2027. The development of integrated guidance on surface water chemical monitoring (e.g., WFD Guidance Document No. 7/19) has been transferred into national German law (Ordinance for the Protection of Surface Waters, OGewV). For the majority of compounds, this act requires monthly sampling to assess the chemical quality status of a body of surface water. To evaluate the representativeness of the sampling strategy under the OGewV, high-frequency online monitoring data are investigated under different sampling scenarios and compared with current, monthly grab sampling data. About 23 million data points were analyzed for this study. Three chemical parameters (dissolved oxygen, nitrate-nitrogen, and chloride concentration) and discharge data were selected from four catchments of different sizes, ranging from 51,391 km2 to 84 km2 (Elbe, Vereinigte Mulde, Neiße and two stations at Lockwitzbach). In this paper, we propose short-term online-monitoring (STOM) as a sampling alternative. STOM considers the placement of online sensors over a limited duration and return interval. In general, we: (I) compare the results of conventional grab sampling with STOM, (II) investigate the different performance of STOM and grab sampling using discharge data as a proxy for analyzing event-mobilized pollutants, and (III) investigate the related uncertainties and costs of both sampling methods. Results show that STOM outperforms grab sampling for parameters where minimum/maximum concentrations are required by law, as the probability of catching a single extreme value is higher with STOM. Furthermore, parameters showing a pronounced diurnal pattern, such as dissolved oxygen, are also captured considerably better. The performance of STOM showed no substantial improvements for parameters with small concentration variability, such as nitrogen-nitrate or chloride. The analysis of discharge events as a proxy parameter for event-mobilized pollutants proves that the probability of capturing samples during events is significantly increased by STOM.

Trends in pre-hospital volume resuscitation of blunt trauma patients: a 15-year analysis of the British (TARN) and German (TraumaRegister DGU®) National Registries

IntroductionFluid resuscitation has long been a cornerstone of pre-hospital trauma care, yet its optimal approach remains undetermined. Although a liberal approach to fluid resuscitation has been linked with increased complications, the potential survival benefits of a restrictive approach in blunt trauma patients have not been definitively established. Consequently, equipoise persists regarding the optimal fluid resuscitation strategy in this population.MethodsWe analysed data from the two largest European trauma registries, the UK Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) and the German TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU), between 2004 and 2018. All adult blunt trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score > 15 were included. We examined annual trends in pre-hospital fluid resuscitation, admission coagulation function, and mortality rates.ResultsOver the 15-year study period, data from 68,510 patients in the TARN cohort and 82,551 patients in the TR-DGU cohort were analysed. In the TARN cohort, 3.4% patients received pre-hospital crystalloid fluids, with a median volume of 25 ml (20–36 ml) administered. Conversely, in the TR-DGU cohort, 91.1% patients received pre-hospital crystalloid fluids, with a median volume of 756 ml (750–912 ml) administered. Notably, both cohorts demonstrated a consistent year-on-year decrease in the volume of pre-hospital fluid administered, accompanied by improvements in admission coagulation function and reduced mortality rates.ConclusionConsiderable variability exists in pre-hospital fluid resuscitation strategies for blunt trauma patients. Our data suggest a trend towards reduced pre-hospital fluid administration over time. This trend appears to be associated with improved coagulation function and decreased mortality rates. However, we acknowledge that these outcomes are influenced by multiple factors, including other improvements in pre-hospital care over time. Future research should aim to identify which trauma populations may benefit, be harmed, or remain unaffected by different pre-hospital fluid resuscitation strategies.

Pacienți psihiatrici și artiști plastici – Adolf Wölffli (1864 Berna – 1930 Waldau/Berna) și Else Blankenhorn (1873 Karlsruhe-1920 Konstanz)

The article presents the creation of a regional historical GIS database derived from two eighteenth century maps of the Principality of Transylvania, an eastern province of the Habsburg Empire at the time. The research was focused on an area in the southern part of the principality marked by the presence of the Transylvanian Saxons, the ethnic German descendants of the colonists invited to settle here by the kings of Hungary during the High Middle Ages. The extracted features were assembled in four vector layers (two point layers and two line layers) and were subsequently published online on a free data repository (Harvard Dataverse).

Personality and the use of cancer screenings - Results of the German National Cohort

ObjectiveTo determine the association between personality characteristics and use of different cancer screenings. MethodsWe used data from the German National Cohort (NAKO; mean age was 53.0 years (SD: 9.2 years)) – a population-based cohort study. A total of 132,298 individuals were included in the analyses. As outcome measures, we used (self-reported): stool examination for blood (haemoccult test, early detection of bowel cancer), colonoscopy (screening for colorectal cancer), skin examination for moles (early detection of skin cancer), breast palpation by a doctor (early detection of breast cancer), x-ray examination of the breast (“mammography”, early detection of breast cancer), cervical smear test, finger examination of the rectum (early detection of prostate cancer), and blood test for prostate cancer (determination of Prostate-Specific Antigen level). The established Big Five Inventory-SOEP was used to quantify personality factors. It was adjusted for several covariates based on the Andersen model. Unadjusted and adjusted multiple logistic regressions were computed. ResultsA higher probability of having a skin examination for moles, for example, was associated with a higher conscientiousness (OR: 1.07, p < 0.001), higher extraversion (OR: 1.03, p < 0.001), higher agreeableness (OR: 1.02, p < 0.001), lower openness to experience (OR: 0.98, p < 0.001) and higher neuroticism (OR: 1.07, p < 0.001) among the total sample. Depending on the outcome used, the associations slightly varied. ConclusionsParticularly higher levels of extraversion, neuroticism and conscientiousness are associated with the use of different cancer screenings. Such knowledge may help to better understand non-participation in cancer screening examinations from a psychological perspective.

Precision of diamond turning sinusoidal structures as measurement standards used to assess topography fidelity

In optical surface metrology, it is crucial to assess the fidelity of the topography measuring signals. One parameter to quantify this is the small-scale fidelity limit T FIL defined in ISO 25 178-600:2019. To determine this parameter, sinusoidal structures are generated, where the wavelengths are modulated according to a discrete chirp series. The objects are produced by means of ultra-precision diamond face turning. Planar areas and regions with slopes below 4° could be produced with form deviations of ≲10 nm. An initial estimate of the cutting tool’s nose radius resulted in a deviation that caused the ridges of the structures to be too narrow by approximately 150 nm, while the trenches were too wide. At the bottom of narrow trenches, deviations are observed in the form of elevations with heights of about 20 to 100 nm. The measurement standard investigated in this study has also been used to characterise optical instruments in a round-robin test within the European project TracOptic, which requires precise knowledge of the geometry of all structures. The geometry of the topography, cosine structures superimposed with form deviations, was measured using the Met. LR-AFM metrological long-range atomic force microscope of the German National Metrology Institute.

The Battle of Hermann Braun: Transvaluing German Nationalism in Heinrich von Kleist’s Die Hermannsschlacht und Rainer Werner Fassbinder’s Die Ehe der Maria Braun

Although there have been impressive scholarly attempts to explain the brief reference to Kleist in Fassbinder’s Die Ehe der Maria Braun, none have noted the significant transtextual relationship between Fassbinder’s film and Kleist’s Die Hermannsschlacht and the manner in which this relationship sheds light on each work’s gendered critique of German nationalism. The parallels run much deeper than the name of the film’s antagonist, Hermann Braun, would suggest, although that name likewise locates both works at the intersections of gender and national identity. A closer examination of those parallels clarifies many of the well-established ambiguities in the film, particularly those surrounding the tension between liberation and nationalism, and challenges traditional assessments of Kleist’s nationalist drama.

CILS4NEPS – Unlocking Research Potential Through More Participants, More Schools and International Comparison: Harmonized Data for Research on Education, School-to-work Transition and Integration Processes for Adolescents in Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and England

Abstract The CILS4NEPS project combined and harmonized panel data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries (CILS4EU) and Starting Cohort 4 of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS SC4). This unlocks additional research potential beyond the scope of both individual datasets by increasing sample sizes and enabling international comparisons of the NEPS data. Both, the combined dataset as well as additional material to reproduce and expand the harmonization are available to users. In this article, we will first introduce the individual datasets and their comparability and describe the steps of the harmonization process. Furthermore, we will present the comparable content between both surveys, the structure of the harmonized dataset, and weighting issues. Subsequently, we provide descriptive statistics, the analytical potential, and information on data access. Lastly, we will finish with an outlook on the continuing harmonization of CILS4EU and NEPS SC4.

Smoking in Netflix feature films and youth protection

With the aim of protecting minors, the World Health Organization has recommended classifying films with smoking scenes as unsuitable for children and adolescents. In recent years, films have increasingly been viewed via video streaming services - a trend which has been intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic - which poses new challenges for the protection of minors. To examine the frequency of smoking scenes in Netflix feature films and the age recommendations for Netflix productions with smoking scenes. A total of 235 films that were made available for streaming exclusively by the Netflix platform in 2021 and 2022 were content coded in order to find out (1) how high the proportion of smoke-free films was in this film sample, (2) how often smoking scenes occurred in these films and (3) the proportion of films with smoke scenes classified as appropriate for young people in Germany and the USA. All films with an age rating of under 16 were considered suitable for children and young people. Smoking scenes occurred in 113 of 235 analyzed films (48.1%). Of the 113 films with smoking scenes, 57 (50.4%) in Germany and 26 films (23.0%) in the USA were classified as youth films (p<0.001). A total of 3,310 smoking scenes were registered. Of these, 39.4% (n=1,303) were in films with youth ratings in Germany, and in Netflix USA this proportion was 15.8% (n=524). Smoking scenes are a common feature in Netflix movies. Neither in the US nor in Germany does Netflix adhere to the recommendations of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control to restrict access by young people to films depicting smoking. However, the protection of minors in the US is better than in Germany, since half of the Netflix films with smoking scenes in Germany were rated as suitable for minors, in the USA less than a quarter.

История рода, отраженная в архивах семей с немецкими корнями

The article is devoted to archives kept in families with German roots. Interest in them is due to the fact that they contribute to the study of the history of everyday life as an individual representative of the genus, and the community as a whole. Archives were created in order to preserve the memory of the history of the family for posterity. The data on tribal and family archives are presented. Five generic and ten family archives have been presented. The composition of the archives is reviewed in the article. The composition of the archives indicates which documents are significant for the family. The archive materials contain interesting information and can be used as a source for studying the history of family-related communities with German ancestry.