Geotourism Potential Research Articles

Geotourism potential of the islands of the western Mediterranean: Case study of Elba island

The top-down structured paper consists of four parts. The first part discusses the Mediterranean Sea, focusing on the geological history of the islands of the western Mediterranean. The second part of the paper is dedicated to the Elba Island, including its geological structure, as well as describing the main minerals. The third part presents the original qualitative research carried out on Elba Island, aimed at assessing geotourism based on participant observation in four organized tours and semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal the participants’ outlook on geotourism on Elba Island, leading to an identification of two different types of geotourists. As a theoretical implication, this distinction of types of geotourists can be applied to other geotourism destinations, while from the practical point of view it can guide marketing strategies related to the promotion of geotourism on the island. The conclusions focus on the discussion of the potential and current use of the Elba Island in the light of the findings of this case study, exploring links with other similar studies elsewhere, as well as future perspectives.

Petrography, mineralogy and geochemistry of Cretaceous sediment samples from western Khorat Plateau, Thailand, and considerations on their provenance

At Mo Hin Khao on the western flank of Khorat Plateau, Thailand, the Phra Wihan Formation reveals litharenite and sublitharenite with some subarkose and arkose. A cuesta in the eroded sedimentary sequence exhibits spectacular rock pillars of considerable geotourist potential. The rock sequence is high in silica (SiO2 67–98wt%) and contains quartz, mica, magnetite, chert fragments and accessory minerals such as zircon and tourmaline and amphibole species. These accessory minerals suggest felsic rocks, such as granite, granodiorite and pegmatite, were sources for the sandstones. Geochemical analyses of the sedimentary sequence suggest that source rocks may lie in the passive continental margin, before sediment transport and deposition in the Khorat Basin by rivers flowing across a large flood plain. Many depositional sequences/episodes formed thick beds of cross bedded clastic rocks. A high average maturity index (>5) indicates sedimentary reworking/recycling. Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values range from 47 to 98, suggesting variable chemical weathering within the source area rocks, largely representing moderate to high degrees of weathering. The average CIA value of these sediments (78) suggests that relatively extreme alteration factors were involved.

A case study in the evaluation of geotourism potential through geographic information systems: application in a geology-rich island tourism hotspot

The significant growth in geotourism across all continents over the past two decades has created a strong demand for more creative, robust and systematic approaches to assessing the geotourism potential of natural areas, for identifying suitable sites of geological interest and providing comprehensive frameworks for management. We investigate a range of spatial data-sets using remote sensing analysis tools as well as geographic information systems (GIS) to complement field-derived data and allow for comprehensive analysis of combined data-sets. Such an approach allowed the creation of a spatial geological data base which can be assessed against access and management criteria, including environmental factors and risks. We used the relatively data-rich example of Rottnest Island in the south-west region of Western Australia to demonstrate the opportunities for future geotourism project development.

Tourism in the Naturtejo Geopark, under the Auspices of UNESCO, as Sustainable Alternative to the Mining of Uranium at Nisa (Portugal)

Nisa uranium ore, associated with the granite of Nisa-Albuquerque, was discovered in 1957 during prospecting campaigns by Junta de Energia Nuclear. Several fruitless attempts were made to exploit this, the largest uranium ore body ever found in Portugal. Since 2006, the municipality of Nisa has been included within the Southern Meseta Naturtejo Geopark, a member of the Global Geoparks Network developed under UNESCO. Nisa represents a huge potential for innovative geotourism. The wide diversity of tourism resources should be developed to deliver experience-based thematic tourism routes to support the increase in lodging, restaurants and active tourism enterprises in the region.

Megaclasts in geoconservation: sedimentological questions, anthropogenic influence, and geotourism potential

Abstract Megaclasts are sedimentary particles larger than boulders. Their huge size and scattered occurrence make them objects that deserve geological heritage, requiring conservation. Investigation of megaclasts for the purpose faces difficulties because of the distinction between boulders and megaclasts. Local study of Quaternary large stones in Mountainous Adygeja (W Caucasus, SW Russia) suggests ~ 2 m as a suitable size criterion, although only locally. Shape, occurrence, and origin of megaclasts require additional attention. Geoconservation may result in anthropogenic disturbances of the natural landscape through removal of vegetation, access constructions, and restoration. The geotourism potential of megaclasts is partly determined by their huge size and their rare and scattered occurrence. Aesthetic qualities, local legends, and co-occurrence with prehistoric megalithic constructions increase this potential. The Maiden’s Stone in Mountainous Adygeja, which is ~ 35 m long, has been a tourist attraction already for decades. It is an impressive example of geoconconservation and geotourism connected with megaclasts. Generally, megaclasts increase the value (including the scientific importance) of the geological heritage of Mountainous Adygeja, where a geopark might be established.

Geomorphosite assessment for geotourism purposes

Abstract The article briefly examines the relationship between geodiversity, geoheritage (represented by geosites and geomorphosites) and geotourism. It is obvious that geosites and geomorphosites represent a fundamental resource for geotourism. As geosites are defined as sites that present particular importance for the comprehension of the Earth history and bear mainly scientific values, geomorphosites concept is wider and includes also added values (e. g. cultural, aesthetic and economic). Therefore, for assessing the importance of the geological and geomorphological sites for geotourism purposes, the concept of geomorphosites is more appropriate. The article presents several assessment methods that represent a significant tool for geoconservation and geotourism purposes. The assessment is carried out from several perspectives with an emphasis on scientific, cultural and economic parameters of the sites. The results of the assessment can serve as a basis for appropriate use of geoheritage, its management and generally for identification of geotourism potential of the geological and geomorphological sites. To find out which method is suitable for geotourism purposes, it is necessary to take into account the definitions and principles of geotourism. Different assessment methods are analysed and discussed. Based on this, the proposal for criteria for geosite and geomorphosite assessment for geotourism purposes is presented.

The geological heritage values and potential geotourism development of the beaches in Northern Sabah, Malaysia

A study was carried out on 13 beaches in Northern Sabah, Malaysia to identify their geological heritage values and geotourism potential. Northern Sabah has some of the finest beaches in Sabah and most of them are still undisturbed and in pristine condition. However, with the increasing demand for tourism facilities, considerable development is currently being undertaken in the coastal areas and the impact upon the beaches is considerable. The natural geomorphologic processes may be disrupted and the beaches in the area might be degraded and damaged. The main attractions of the beaches are their beautiful landscape. The geological heritage values usually go unnoticed and unappreciated due to lack of awareness and information. By unraveling and explaining their hidden natural qualities, the attractions of the beaches could be enhanced. This study has identified the scientific values of the beaches such as the composition, morphology and sources of the beach sediments. Black sand comprising mainly chromite was found at Marasimsim Beach and pink sand comprising mainly garnet was found at a pocket beach in Tanjung Simpang Mengayau. The study also revealed that several of the beaches in the area have aesthetic and cultural value as well as their obvious recreational value. Such aspects could be explained to visitors so that they can appreciate the importance of conservation. Geotourism could be developed and promoted on some of the beaches together with steps to ensure the sustainability and to protect these beach environments. The promotion of beach geotourism could be carried out together with other potential geotourism sites in Northern Sabah. The study on beaches for geotourism development is an innovative way to add-value to their existing aesthetic attractions and to enhance and sustain the tourism industry in the State.

Potencial geoparque de Uberaba (MG): geodiversidade e geoconservação

O município de Uberaba apresenta grande potencialidade geoturística quando considerado aos seus patrimônios geológicos. As rochas ígneas da Formação Serra Geral são encontradas em 12 atrativos geoturísticos, com destaque para as cachoeiras de Ponte Alta (40 metros de altura) e Peirópolis III (sete metros de altura). As rochas sedimentares da Formação Uberaba foram descritas em 11 pontos, destacando-se Cachoeira e Gruta do Giovane (doze metros de altura). Nas rochas sedimentares da Formação Marília destaca-se o afloramento da Caieira (gruta de três metros com estalactites e estalagmites) e a Cachoeira do Vale Encantado (oito metros de altura), entre outros 8 locais. Após o levantamento da geodiversidade foi realizado um diagnóstico ambiental nos potenciais atrativos geoturísticos, sendo utilizado o Método Visitor Impact Management. Os resultados indicam que somente a Cachoeira do Vale Encantado apresenta impacto moderado, o menor quando comparado aos 22 sítios com impacto alto ou preocupante, e 7 com impacto muito alto. Além de definir as estratégias de manejo e monitoramento dos indicadores de impacto ambiental, o presente trabalho serve de base para que as atividades do potencial Geoparque de Uberaba (MG) sejam realizadas com responsabilidade ambiental e/ou geoconservação.

Assessment of the geological heritage of Cape Mondego Natural Monument (Central Portugal)

Abstract In the western coast of Portugal, Cape Mondego is a well-known set of outcrops due to its international stratigraphic relevance given by the establishment of two stratotypes: the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Bajocian Stage and the Auxiliary Stratotype Section and Point (ASSP) for the base of the Bathonian Stage. The remarkable geodiversity of these Jurassic outcrops justifies the implementation of strategies in order to conserve and promote the geosites, which include a rich palaeontological record of macrofossils, microfossils and dinosaur footprints. Based on the exceptional quality of the geological record, on its international importance and on its high scientific and educational values, this area was classified in 2007 as Natural Monument. However, no geosite systematic inventory was ever done. In this work, a systematic identification, characterization and assessment of geosites was done in the Natural Monument. Based on fieldwork and published data, a first set of 32 potential geosites was identified taking into account their scientific, educational and touristic values. After the application of three criteria (representativeness, singularity and proximity) this group of 32 potential geosites was reduced to 12. These 12 geosites were assessed resulting on the establishment of a medium to high ranks for both educational and geotouristic potential uses. Based on this assessment, some valuing strategies were proposed, aiming at the sustainable use and the promotion of the Natural Monument geosites, within the scope of both educational and geotouristic activities addressed to secondary school students and the general public.

Potencial Geoturístico das Quedas D’água de Indianópolis-MG para o Público Escolar:Unindo Ciência e Contemplação

The city of Indianópolis is located in the Mineiro Triangle and is recognized by the beauty and diversity of its waterfalls. These attributes have led us to study such city, searching for the identification of the geotouristic potential of its waterfalls for educational activities, as well as select one which shows to be the most suitable for the scholars. The methodology used in the beginning involved bibliographical research about the theme, field work in the area of the waterfalls and, finally, office work, a moment in which data were interpreted and crossed. From the methodology used one has the conclusion that the waterfalls of Indianópolis present a great potential to be used by geotourism, and also the Salto de Furnas (Furnas's leap) has presented the Best place for educational activities, due to, among other factors, the facility to access it, lithoestratigraphic richness, preservation state, etc.

Singularidades Geológicas e Históricas como Atrativo Geoturístico da Gruta Casa da Pedra, Município de São João Del-Rei, MG

The caves have always played in men a mixture of fascination and fear, because they are atypical formations in relation to other geological formations, which causes curiosity and wonder to be visited. Another factor that increases the interest in visiting the cave is the fact that these are usually surrounded by varied legends and stories. This study is an analysis regarding the geotouristic potential of a karst cavity located in the municipality of São João del-Rei, MG, where in addition to features fascinating and unique as to its geological context, the cave has a long history of visitations and facts important to the story regionally and nationally.

Geodiversity of the loess regions in Poland: Inventory, geoconservation issues, and geotourism potential

Loess sediments have proved to be the most significant palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental archives on land and thus present an important part of the Earth's geodiversity. Apart from their scientific values, loess areas could be developed for geotourism. However, before this development can occur, several other initiatives must be initiated and completed; these include for geosites: their scientific investigation and inventorying; their statutory protection and active geoconservation; the development of didactic and promotional activities. This paper presents an overview of the loess deposits of Poland as a precursor to a consideration of their protection, conservation and development for geotourism.

Parque Estadual da Pedra da Boca (Araruna/PB): uma avaliação sobre as atividades turísticas e as ações de gestão territorial

The Conservation Units, specially the National and State parks are among the major destinations for adventure tourism and ecotourism, so that the National System of Unit Conservation (Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservacao) – SNUC (Law 9.985/2000) covers the practice of touristic activities, specially the ecotourism in these territorial unities. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the touristic activities and the actions of territorial management in the State Park of Pedra da Boca (PEPB), situated in the city of Araruna/PB. The data and information achieved show that the Park has a remarkable potential for tourism, especially ecotourism and geotourism, however, there is a need for development of territorial management actions, in order to subsidize the use of spatial tourism site.

Remarks on elements of Japanese landscape and their geotouristic attractiveness

For western tourists Japan is a mysterious country. That mystery was further increased by relatively long-lasting political isolationism, which consequently resulted in tourism isolationism. With tragic events – a 9-magnitude earthquake and a resulting gigantic tsunami, reaching 10 meters in height (11.03.2011) inthe background, the author will analyze the geotourist potential of Japan. It can be predicted that, paradoxically, the strong earthquake and tsunami will soon result in an increased inflow of tourists. That might be related to the development of many new forms of geotourism, among which dark tourism became most and most popular. In this highly urbanized country, the geological heritage creates relict landscapes which could be referred to as quasi-natural.There are very interesting from a tourist point of view. The article was based on the author’s own observations during her study trip around Japan in May, 2009. The journey around picturesque and to a great extent wild, as for Japan, spots of Shikoku and Honshu, inspired the author to present a few notes regarding thegeotourist attractiveness of that country. This is an attempt to assess the environmental potential from the point of view of an European tourist.

GEOTURISMO NAS QUEDAS D’ÁGUA DO MUNICÍPIO DE INDIANÓPOLIS

In the Triângulo Mineiro area are rare and beautiful examples of abiotic natural heritage, such as waterfalls in Indianapolis County. This county is recognized by the variety and scenic beauty of the falls, so, the general aim of this study was to identify the potential of these sites to practice geotourism. To achieve the proposed goals, three kinds of activities were done: revision of relevant literature, Þ eld work along the watercourses and falls and cabinet research. Following the methodology 20 falls have been mapped in the city of Indianapolis, all with a natural beauty and value, showing rock units in various sizes that allow the understanding of the geological history of the region as well as the identiÞ cation of active geomorphological processes in the evolution of waterfalls. We conclude that there is huge geotouristic potential in the Indianapolis waterfalls, mainly Mirandao, Furnas and San Antonio falls. However if the municipality actually wants to performe geotourism activities, enjoying its beneÞ ts, it is necessary to make tourism planning and creating public policies that regulate the activity.

Lava trees and tree molds (“cannon stones”) of Mt. Etna

Unique volcanic structures, known in the literature as “lava trees” and “tree molds”, have formed at several sites on Mt. Etna volcano (northeastern Sicily, Italy). They form when a fluid lava flow runs over a tree, wraps around it and, while the wood burns off, solidifies forming a hollow cast of the tree. The inhabitants of the Etna area call these formations “pietre cannone” (“cannon stones”) because of their cylindrical shape. The first documentation of lava trees is from Hawaii, but the first eye-witnessed accounts of their formation are, to our knowledge, from Etna’s 1865 eruption. Although many of the literature examples of lava trees and tree molds formed in pahoehoe, many of those reported in this work formed in a’a. The sites where we have found the lava tree molds are located within the territory of the Etna Regional Park; most occur next to walking trails and have a high potential for geotourism.

The Las Gościbia – land of cascades and waterfalls

The “Las Gościbia” includes the northern slopes of Babica Mt. (Beskid Makowski) in the catchment area of a mountain stream called Gościbia. It is located within the Magura Nappe in the Siary Zone (Outer Carpathians). In the deeply cut valleys there is exposed continuously profile of the flysch deposits of Eocene-Oligocene age (Pasierbiec Sandstone, Zembrzyce Shale, Wątkowa Sandstone). The special value of the “Las Gościbia” are cascades and waterfalls, which are numerous here in stream valleys. Their abundance, the heterogeneous nature and high aesthetic values determined a high educational and geotourist potential.

Geoheritage and geotourism potential of the Strzelin Hills (Sudetic Foreland, SW Poland)

The aim of this paper is to present a state of knowledge about geotourism potential of the Strzelin Hills. Still there is no geotouristic infrastructure in the Strzelin Hills that could make available all their advantages for educational purposes. There are being carried out works on inventory and documentation to create a base for a development of geotourism. The geotouristic potential is described on the basis of previously studied and valorized objects of geological and geomorphological heritage. There were inventoried 38 objects of geoheritage. During valorization of 17 geosites and geomorphosites were selected 8 represented objects, which present 10 from the 15 thematic groups. There were briefly described 6 of them in this paper. .

Geotourist potential of the Padis Karst Region (Apuseni Mountains, Romania)

The paper presents the remarkable Padis region, which is one of the most attractive and the best developed karst areas in the Carpathian Mountains. The karst forms, which should be promoted as geotourist sites, were selected on the basis of established criteria, and described. Moreover, the forms of nature conservation are emphasized, as well as strong and week points of tourist infrastructure. Actions leading to adapt this region for geotourism were suggested.//Artykuł przedstawia unikatowy region Padis, który należy do najatrakcyjniejszych i najlepiej wykształconych krasowych obszarów w Karpatach. Na podstawie przyjętych kryteriów wytypowano, a następnie scharakteryzowano formy krasowe, które powinny być promowane jako obiekty geoturystyczne. Ponadto zwrócono uwagę na formy ochrony przyrody, mocne i słabe strony infrastruktury turystycznej oraz zaproponowano działania mające na celu zaadaptowanie regionu dla potrzeb geoturystyki.

The Plaka petrified forest park in western Lesvos - Greece

On the island of Lesvos, large accumulations of fossilised tree trunks comprise the Lesvos Petrified Forest a protected natural monument. Within the protected area of the Lesvos Petrified Forest Geopark, several fossil sites with impressive fossilized trees have been discovered along the coast. During the last few years, the Natural History Museum of the Lesvos Petrified Forest has conducted systematic scientific research on these sites. The coastal area ofPlaka was one of the main sites of research interest in order to explore the terrestrial and marine fossil sites. Several clusters of petrified trees have been found and identified in 45 different fossil sites. Some of them were standing while others were lying. The intact root systems of the standing trees provide proof that these trees were petrified in situ. Most of the trees are angiosperms and gymnosperms. The coastal landscape and its rich ecosystem, and the fossil sites, in combination with volcanic, tectonic and geomorphological structures, are basis of the rich geotouristic potential of the new Plaka Park, which has become an area for environmental education as well as a new geotouristic attraction.