THE annual spring muster of this young and vigorous society, now in the tenth year of its age, and numbering close upon a thousand members, was held, according to custom, in the house of the Institution of Civil Engineers in Great George Street, last week. This gathering has been awaited with considerable interest for sometime past, as communications of more than usual importance were expected upon the problem of dephosphorising ordinary brands of cast iron, such as are smelted from the stratified ores of Cleveland, Lincolnshire, and Northamptonshire, sufficiently to be able to produce from them steel of fair merchantable quality; and the attendance fully justified the expectations, the large meeting room being, as a rule, filled to overflowing each day within a very few minutes after the opening of the proceedings. With the exception of a morning devoted to complimentary and formal business, including the address of the new president, Mr. Edward Williams, who succeeds Dr. Siemens, and, in a few pages, presented a bold and rapid sketch of the progress of the malleable iron and steel industries since 1855, the year of Bessemer's great invention, and the presentation of the medal to Mr. Peter Cooper, of New York, the father of the American iron trade, and the founder of the Cooper Institute, probably the largest free technical school in the world, the three days of the meeting were given up to the reading and discussion of papers in the thorough and workmanlike manner that has distinguished the Institute from its earliest meeting to the present time. Of prominent interest among these communications was undoubtedly that by Messrs. Thomas and Gilchrist on the Elimination of Phosphorus in the Bessemer converter, describing a series of experiments in continuation of others previously brought before the Institute, made at Blaeravonand Dowlais in South Wales and at Messrs. Bolckow and Vaughan's steel-works in Cleveland. The essential novelty in these experiments is the use of lime and oxide of iron as a flux in the Bessemer converter, lime being also used as a refracting lining in place of the ordinary siliceous sand or ganister. By this comparatively simple change it is found that the highly phosphuretted iron of Cleveland, containing I per cent. and upwards of phosphorus, may be so completely purged from that objectionable metalloid as to yield a steel, or rather, to use the proposed international nomenclature, an “ingot metal,” which in this particular compares favourably with that blown from hematite pigiron, the amount of phosphorus ranging from.03 to 0.15 per cent. in various samples.
Read full abstract