Geopolitical Turbulence Research Articles

Государственные инвестиции и устойчивость мировой экономики

As history shows, in difficult periods, there is invariably an increase in the state’s involvement in economic life. As of now, there is a number fundamental macrotrends showing that the world fell into a highly dangerous situation of so called polycrisis. These include more and more evident dysfunction of the US-centric model of globalization, the inexorable formation of new independent centers of international power, extremely high level of geopolitical turbulence. The global financial and economic sphere continues to function due to massive debt pumping which translates to its underlying fragility. That is why the formation of an efficient system of sustainable development, as proclaimed in the UN SDG program, is so urgent. In order to overcome the current state of instability the world economy needs to found and engage stable and reliable sources of long-term capital instead of borrowed money. Such capital is available with the institutional investors, primarily the sovereign wealth funds and pension funds. As for the first ones, in recent years, they have noticeably diversified the goals, directions and objects of their operations. The changes are so serious that a term “sovereign wealth funds 3.0” entered into the analytical discourse. In the activities of most state investors, there is a tendency to shift the focus from the external to the internal one, which does not allow capital to completely dissolve in the global financial system. The geographical priorities of investment are changing: if initially the focus of state funds was on the most developed economies of the world, now it is beginning to shift towards the world majority, which in the future should contribute to a more equal distribution of productive forces and wealth and, as a result, to increase the stability of the world economy and improve the quality of its dynamics. “Sovereign wealth funds 3.0” are also characterized by new methods of funding, when it is provided by giving the fund the right to use cash flows generated by the state assets entrusted to it. Some sovereign wealth funds, having reached a certain level of maturity, enter the global private capital market, partially filling the deficit of reliable debt instruments observed there. Due to the peculiarities of financing and a long-term planning horizon, large sovereign wealth funds are able to painlessly absorb temporary financial losses, compensating them in the long-term perspective. This allows them to carry out the most important long-term projects. Thus, the state investment funds make a significant, though not always visible and appreciated, contribution into the stabilization of the financial market and the global economy at large.

Uzbek-Turkish Strategic Partnership in the Context of Geopolitical Turbulence in Central Asia

Central Asia has long captured the attention of global and regional powers due to its abundant natural resources, strategic location, potential for economic development, transportation, logistics, and connectivity. Simultaneously, global and regional actors have intensified their engagement in the geopolitics of the Central Asian region. Under these circumstances, strengthening a comprehensive strategic partnership between Uzbekistan and Türkiye is essential to maintaining the geopolitical balance of power in the region and effectively addressing the common challenges of sustainable development. The commentary is devoted to studying the current bilateral and multilateral relations between Uzbekistan and Türkiye in the context of ongoing geopolitical turbulence and shifts at the global and regional levels.

Туризм в субъектах Европейского Севера России после пандемии: оценка состояния и перспективы развития

The European North of Russia has a significant potential for the creation of unique tourism products. The COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent geopolitical turbulence have had an impact on the functioning of tourism. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to identify current trends of the industry. Its purpose was to assess the state and prospects of tourism development of the subjects forming the European North of Russia in the post-crisis period. The study is based on the results of the work of au-thors studying the problems of the functioning of regional tourism, engaged in the search for promising areas that contribute to the growth of demand for tourist services in this market segment. Diagnostics of tourism trends in the European North of Russia, identification of strategic threats and substantiation of priorities for its development were carried out on the basis of retrospective analysis, comparison, synthesis, analogy, generalization. The features of the consumption of services of the tourism sector in the post-pandemic period are determined, threats are identified and priorities for its further development are formed. The study revealed a trend towards a decrease in the demand for hotel services in the region, which may affect the contribution of tourism to the economy of the territories. The results of the conducted research can be used as a reference point in the justification by public authorities of the ways of regional tourism development, contributing to the growth of demand for tourism products among the population and increasing their competitiveness.

Africa’s Stance in the Russia–Ukrainian War: An Opportunity for Partnership with China and Russia

China’s President Xi Jinping and Russia’s President Vladimir Putin have repeatedly hailed a ‘no limits’ partnership between their respective countries to the displeasure of the United States in light of the ongoing war in Ukraine. Therefore, it has become more apparent that the long-term goals of the Russian and Chinese foreign policies are to establish a new world order by reinstating their countries as great powers while challenging the U.S.-led global hegemony. The current geopolitical turbulence accelerated by the great power rivalry has not only shattered the international order that has existed since the end of the Cold War, but also reframed partnerships where the role of African states are becoming more prominent. Notably, while Martin Kimani, Kenya’s UN envoy, was widely praised for his powerful speech reaffirming Kenya’s respect for the territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders during the Security Council’s emergency session (21 February 2022), 25 of Africa’s 54 states abstained or did not vote to condemn Russia’s invasion of Ukraine during the emergency session of the UN General Assembly (A/RES/ES-11/1) in March 2022. This equivocal reaction contrasted sharply not only with the widespread condemnation of Russia’s assault from every other region but also with African states’ official positions on preserving territorial integrity and borders within Africa. The study, therefore, seeks to explore Africa’s stance in light of the ongoing war and how the interests and (re)actions of African states contribute to furthering Russia’s goal of weakening the United States as a dominant power. The study applies a qualitative approach by drawing from literature on Africa’s relations with Russia and analyzing media and NGO reports on contemporary events, official communications of African officials, and voting patterns of African states in the UN General Assembly in the context of the ongoing war in Ukraine. Initial findings suggest that several factors contribute to the hesitant position of some African countries. These include the legacy of colonial and imperial control, arms trading, food security, discriminatory treatment of African students in Ukraine, and the U.S. Congress’ anti-Russian legislation (H.R. 7311, the Countering Malign Russian Activities in Africa Act), which punishes African nations for their political and economic ties with Russia. These factors reinforce neocolonialism in Africa.

National Lists of Academic Journals: An Overview of World Practice

The article summarizes global experience in the development of national lists of scholarly journals. We show that some countries are currently transforming their research evaluation institutes, because such systems proved ineffective in the context of geopolitical turbulence. We observe that the focus is shifting from the use of indicators of international scientometric databases to the use of the combination of qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Besides, we note that the importance of national academic journals is increasing. We analyze approaches to the formation of national lists of scientific periodicals and reveal specific features of the procedures for their creation. We put forward a typology of national lists of journals and assess their impact on the publication behavior of researchers. We conclude that global practice provides examples of effective approaches to the compilation of national “white” lists of academic journals, which, due to their integration into the scientific performance evaluation system, act as a kind of stabilizing mechanism that protects the system from the influence of external challenges in times of geopolitical instability. The conclusions we have obtained during the analysis contribute to the development of knowledge in the field of scholarly journals evaluation.

Antifragility of the national economy: A heuristic assessment

The geopolitical turbulence and the implementation of large-scale international sanctions dictate the need to assess the degree of readiness of the states to a longterm civilisational confrontation. The article aims to construct and test a new analytical tool – antifragility index of the national economy. Methodologically, the research is based on the idea that in the presence of several industries, the national economy obtains a functional foundation and a possibility to exist autonomously in conditions of disrupted international trade relations. To put this idea into practice, the article proposes a heuristic algorithm for constructing an antifragility index of the economy taking into account the priority of such industries as agriculture, pharmaceuticals industry, production of means of labour, and mineral extraction. Based on the national statistics of eight states – the USA, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, France, Switzerland, Brazil and Russia – the paper presents pilot calculations of the index. According to the results, only Russia’s index showed an upward trend in 2003–2020, while in the other seven countries it went down. The antifragility index is shown to have an ability to capture the peculiarities of political cycles and event shocks in the world economy. The research provides empirical evidence that the change of the leading country, amongst other things, is associated with the accumulation of structural disproportions in the economy: the weakening of its foundation made up of vital industries and excessive complication of the industrial superstructure in the form of the non-productive sphere. The paper proposes scaling up the constructed index to a broader sample of countries in order to clarify the regional disposition of forces in the global geopolitical space.

FROM MONOPOLY TO FRAGMENTATION: TRANSFORMING RUSSIAN-SPEAKING ELECTORAL LANDSCAPE IN LATVIA

Geopolitical turbulence of the year 2022 had an impact on the Russian-speaking electoral field in Latvia as well: once monopolized by the «Harmony», now it is split among four «Russian» and even some «Latvian» parties. The article sets out the main trends in the 2022 Saeima elections and focuses on voting features of the Russian-speaking electorate. The correlational analysis allows to identify the parties depending on «Russian» votes: those are «For Stability!», «Harmony», the Latvian Russian Union and «Sovereign Power». Only one of them managed to get into the parliament – that is «For Stability» – the party of the former «Harmony» member A. Roslikov, who secured the victory by the skilled use of populist anti-poverty and anti-injustice rhetoric and an active TikTok campaign. The spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that despite a radical decrease of the «Russian» representation, the ethnolinguistic voting polarization remains strong, and the deepest cleavage lies between the Latgalian municipalities with a large non-Latvian population and other Latvian regions. A sharp reduction of the «Russian» representation in Saeima can lead to further marginalization of the Russian-speaking community in Latvia.

Государство-цивилизация в цифровой ойкумене

At the beginning of the work, a brief review of the articles of the current thematic issue of the «Journal of Political Research», devoted to political aspects and problems of the worldview phenomenon, is presented. At the same time, the main goal of the article is to study the features of the construction of digital ecumene on the example of the Russian and Chinese states-civilizations. The methodological optics of this article is the principles of comparative analysis, based on the comparison of the same order, similar political phenomena, processes and phenomena. The methodological optics of this article is the principles of comparative analysis, based on the comparison of the same order, similar political phenomena, processes and phenomena. These were the state-civilizations, their civilizational features, as well as the methods of constructing their digital ecumene (state policy of foreign broadcasting; strategic regulatory documents related to the information sphere; digital diplomacy). The features of the state-civilization as a specific form of polity are compared and clarified. Also, an attempt was made to conceptualize the phenomenon of the digital ecumene – a system of news agencies, corporations, Internet resources, radio, television, leading media activity in other countries to position and protect the interests, value-civilizational, political, economic agenda of the states that created it. Such a conceptualization is based on the reception of Antiquity and correlates with the understanding of the ecumene as a sphere of influence of the state through digital technologies and communications. Such a reception also presupposes the preservation of the civilizational meaning of the ecumene. It is concluded that civilizational states have sufficient resources to maintain digital ecumene as new fields of technological and cultural strategic actions that can protect the integrity of their own civilizational cores. It has been suggested that the civilizational uncompromisingness of the West, its strategy of divide et impera, will most likely contribute to the strengthening of such a form of polity as a state-civilization. In the conditions of the existing geopolitical turbulence, the states-civilizations can focus on building a new, more just system of international relations based on the settlement of political, religious and ethnic conflicts, rather than their escalation and conservation.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНОСТЬ ДОНБАССА: ФРЕЙМЫ ИДЕЙНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО СОДЕРЖАНИЯ И КОГНИТИВНЫЕ СТРАТЕГИИ РАЗВИТИЯ

The current geopolitical turbulence, in which our country is located, requires comprehension of several key topics and concepts that are used as the basis for the formation for the formation of Russian-Ukrainian relations, one of such complex concepts is the Donbass. Based on the totality of the theory of political conceptology, cognitive strategies and frames, the article analyzes the specifics and vision of Donbass, identifies groups of the most relevant submissions about the historical features and the current state of the concept of Donbass. The authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to dive deeper into the philosophical and political discourse of the key ideas and values of the modern confrontation.

Migration from Russia against the background of mobilization and their impact on the socio-economic situation of Central Asian countries

In the context of the aggravation of the geopolitical situation, migration processes in the post-Soviet space are moving into a state of turbulence, which has a serious impact on the socio-economic development of the countries of Central Asia. In this regard, the urgency of the migration problem is increasing, which creates risks of deterioration in the state of the labor market, interethnic relations and the development of the shadow economy. As research methods, content analysis and a systematic method were chosen to identify the relationship between political events and migration. Thus, this study will adequately highlight the migration problem against the background of geopolitical turbulence in Central Asia in modern regional studies and analyze its “side” effects on the state of the socio-economic system. At the same time, the study is aimed at developing practical recommendations in the field of regulating migration processes in the framework of modernizing the migration policy of the countries of Central Asia.

РЕЦЕНЗИЯ НА МОНОГРАФИЮ "30 ЛЕТ СНГ: ТРАНСФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ НА ПОСТСОВЕТСКОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ" (МОСКВА, 2022. 473 С.)

The publication analyzes the monograph “30 years of the CIS. Transformational processes in the post-Soviet space” issued for commemorating the anniversary of the organization’s creation. The study is the result of a long-term scientific work of the Institute of post-Soviet and Interregional Studies of the Russian State University for the Humanities that for many years has been a leading center for the study of post-Soviet countries abroad in Russia and the world. It is a fundamental study of geopolitical and socio-cultural processes in the former Soviet Republics. The author emphasizes that the studying the experience of transformational processes in the post-Soviet space is relevant both from a scientific and practical point of view, especially now when the world is in a state of extreme geopolitical turbulence. In addition, it is noted that the monograph touches on the entire spectrum of modern geopolitical, economic and socio-cultural issues and processes of the post-Soviet space: the prerequisites and reasons for the formation and development of the Commonwealth of Independent States, integration and disintegration processes at the present stage, prospects for business cooperation, modern security threats, challenges to the spread of the Russian language, the role of the energy sector in within the framework of cooperation between post-Soviet countries. The monograph is distinguished by its scientific novelty and relevance, it contributes to the development of important questions from a scientific point of view, and gives impetus to further effective research development of such problematics.

Turkish-Egyptian Relations after 2011: Political Dynamics of Geopolitical Turbulence

The Arab Spring process, which started in Tunisia in 2010 and soon spread throughout the entire Arab world, ended in 2011 with the resignation of Hosni Mubarak’s government in Egypt. Subsequently, as a result of the parliamentary elections held on November 28, 2011, the election of Mohammed Morsi under the leadership of the Muslim Brotherhood caused great enthusiasm in the Turkish public and marked a high point in the history of bilateral relations. However, in 2013, relations reached a breaking point and were reduced to a minimum after Morsi and his supporters were removed from power in a coup. On the other hand, in addition to the deep-rooted historical backgrounds of Turkey and Egypt, the presence of diplomatic opportunities in the Middle East and the Eastern Mediterranean in a geopolitical context enabled the repeated development of bilateral relations. Thanks to all of this, relations between the two states began to normalize at the diplomatic level since the end of 2020. This study examines reasons for the development of the turbulent relationship between the two countries, which quickly reached both the peak and the bottom, before it began to normalize due to its geopolitical importance. The first part of the study examines Turkey’s foreign policy during the Arab Spring and its reflections on Egypt. The second part analyzes the reasons for the relations that peaked with the Morsi era. Then, it examines the causes of the negative impact of the military coup that took place in Egypt in 2013, which led to the breaking point in bilateral relations. Finally, it seeks to comprehensively explore the causes of turbulent relations by examining relations that have recently begun to normalize due to geopolitical concerns.

Energy Transition Manifesto: A Contribution towards the Discourse on the Specifics Amid Energy Crisis

The article seeks to describe a more realistic approach to the transition to a carbon-neutral energy model in the current period of economic and geopolitical turbulence, with the high volatility of energy prices, and the disruption of geopolitical and logistic ties, and puts forward a set of fundamental principles for the energy transition. The hypothesis tested is that the development of low-carbon energy is based on the structural-technological diversification of production methods and rationalization of energy consumption through expanded electrification and application of energy demand-side management programs. The analysis of the main approaches to the energy transition across the world shows that many countries now prioritize renewable energy sources, even though, despite their obvious environmental benefits, they are less reliable due to their intermittent nature. The proposed principles of the energy transition draw from a more flexible, compromise approach that implies an optimal balance of mutually reinforcing centralized and distributed technologies of energy generation and their characteristics. The key provisions of the manifesto were verified by means of theoretical generalization and graphical interpretation of data from a number of analytical reports of international energy agencies and the results of an expert opinion survey. The survey was conducted among leading Russian experts from energy companies, who had relevant experience of developing innovation projects in this sphere, and university researchers. Most of them subscribe to the view that, despite the economic downturn, it would be unfeasible to curtail energy transition programs at this point, and even more so, it is important to continue local modernization projects. The results of the study could have a practical application when planning structural, organizational, and market transformations aimed at achieving the objectives of energy transition amid growing uncertainty, including the expansion of the structure of generating capacities in regional energy systems and the active use of low-carbon technologies in the energy sector and related industries.

Foreseeing the industrial future: aspects of the theory

The importance of foreseeing the industrial future is due to the special importance of modern industry for national competitiveness, innovation and employment, as well as the fundamental shifts taking place in the world in connection with the deployment of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. New industrialization opens up fundamentally new development opportunities associated with the integration of digital and material technologies, but at the same time creates new threats and risks for life safety, employment, environment, etc. Therefore, it is so important to engage in systematic research in this area, which should be based on an appropriate theoretical foundation. Forecasting activities in an industry are represented by various types of practices aimed at predicting the future. It has been established that the initial premise of this activity is the principle of continuity of development, the meaning of which lies in the fact that for a certain time certain aspects of the culture and institutional structure of society remain without significant changes, maintaining their continuity. In this regard, it becomes possible to identify common – and, therefore, rather long – factors (causes) and trends (consequences), that have already manifested themselves in the present and are likely to continue their action in the future. Based on the knowledge of these factors and trends, it is possible to define the patterns of future development. It was revealed that the main methods for studying the future of the economy in general and industry in particular are strategic foresighting and long-term forecasting. Both of these methods combine in that they are designed to explore the long aspects of development and establish what might happen rather than what decisions to make. And their difference lies in the fact that foresight is engaged in the construction of predominantly qualitative images of the future, the creation of anticipatory alternative scenarios for the development of events, while forecasting is usually quantitative in nature, characterizes the future, based on the regularities characteristic of a given object sphere. Both foresight and forecasting are based on the use of economic and mathematical modelling tools. But in the case of forecasting, the results of calculations are usually interpreted as information about what is expected (within confidence intervals), and in the case of foresighting, as information about possible scenarios for the development of events designed to identify new opportunities and threats to development. Given the current state of geopolitical turbulence and strategic uncertainty, in the near future in Ukraine, strategic foresight may become the most popular tool for studying the industrial future.

Тренды научно-технического развития Foodnet в России в условиях геополитической турбулентности

In modern conditions, defined by most domestic and foreign researchers as the ‘new normal”, new approaches are being formed to ensure the scientific and technological development of economies at the macro, meso and micro levels. The rapid transformation of the main trends in the geopolitical and economic situation in the country, the change in the emphasis of the import substitution policy in the sectors of the national economy, have led to the complication of the tasks facing the domestic economy related to the need to form a new system of priorities for national and regional innovation policy.
 The authors of the article carried out work to identify global challenges, risks and potential threats of the agricultural development until 2030, as well as to form the prerequisites for the scientific and technological development of the market for scientific and technological initiatives (NTI) Foodnet. To understand the development of the NTI Foodnet market, the authors conducted a study of the prerequisites and reasons for the increased interest of foreign and domestic researchers in this article. In the study, the authors identified the factors for the creation and forming of the Foodnet market in the face of increased economic sanctions, geopolitical turbulence, and the growing problem of food security. The authors of the article made the assumption that this concept will solve the problems of import substitution of the agricultural industry of the regions of the Russian Federation through the introduction of new technologies and new principles for organizing the interaction of participants in the Foodnet market, which is open to the integration of new high technologies, through the introduction of new solutions based on digitalization and customization of agricultural products.

Трансформация традиционного сельского хозяйства как условие усиления продовольственной безопасности российских регионов

In conditions of economic security and geopolitical turbulence, the expected need for food and the expected need of the population for food. The authors of the study dealing with digitalization in agriculture proposed as a solution, which made it possible to solve the problem of import substitution and increase the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex of the regions of the Russian Federation using new technologies and new approaches to the participation of market participants. Despite the positive correlation that exists between agricultural production and food demand in the regions of the Russian Federation, food systems cover. The article is devoted to the history of domestic and foreign experience in the formation of “Agriculture 4.0” in the regions of Russia to ensure a technological breakthrough, as well as an important problem and prospects for the development of digitalization of the heritage of the agro-industrial complex. In the study, the authors identified the prerequisites for the formation and development of a “smart developed economy” in the regions of the Russian Federation in the conditions of the agro-food revolution 4.0 in the Russian Federation and in the world, which is primarily associated with global climate problems, a shortage of agricultural products and minor urbanization processes, as well as rapid population growth while scooping. resources.

SYSTEMIC PROBLEMS OF CENTRAL ASIA COUNTRIES IN THE NEW ECONOMIC REALITY: APPROACHES AND SOLUTIONS

The article presents the problems of finding balanced solutions in order to minimize risks for the partner countries of the Central Asian space in the conditions of growing external geopolitical turbulence. At the same time, the features of the new economic reality are revealed, namely: trends in global transformations, sanctions policies, a decrease in the degree of priority cooperation, an increase in the general economic crisis, etc. To ensure the security and stabilization of the national economies of the Central Asian countries, it is especially important to strengthen multilateral cooperation and interaction, especially in terms of industrial cooperation and integration, the resumption of ties in the fields of trade, science, transport and logistics, education and culture. In accordance with this, the necessity of solving systemic problems of a regional nature and scale with the coordination of efforts of all countries of the Central Asian region is justified.

Study on the evolving role of the People’s Republic of China in resolving the conflict in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

The age-old struggle for influence in Asia, intensified in recent decades, has gained a new player in the form of dynamic China, one of the leaders of world politics and the economy of today. The authors draw on the opinions of foreign and domestic experts to determine the reasons for the involvement and role of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in resolving the conflict in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (IRA) and to link these activities to China’s renewed strategy in the Middle East as a whole. The research done by the authors over the last six months has developed rapidly in recent weeks and even days, indicating that geopolitical turbulence is developing in recent times.The article classifies the full range of the People’s Republic of China interests in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and identifies the factors that influence the formation of China’s system of interests in Afghanistan, including factors in the international environment. The consequences of the pandemic and China’s new opportunities to use soft power to advance its interests have been identified. The People’s Republic of China’s strategy in the region has been defined and attention has been paid to security issues.Beijing’s envisaged steps to promote its projects in the region have been presented.

Implications of Tensions in South China Sea Region on Land Force Strategy in Indonesia's Defense

The South China Sea have strategic value, from economic and military aspects. In some parts of the waters there is an overlap of jurisdictions between claimant states (Brunei Darussalam, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, and China), causing a high potential for conflict. Geopolitical turbulence in the South China Sea region further illustrates the dynamic strategic environment and adds complexity to threats to security in the region. The panelitian method used is a qualitative descriptive method. According to Sugiyono, descriptive methods are studies that describe, describe, or describe the state of the object studied as what it is, according to the situation and conditions when research is done. The theories used are balance of power, military of balance, steps-to-war, and balance of threat. China’s rapid military development has made it a powerful country and has the potential to become a hegemony in the region and will create new tensions in the region. This situation encourages countries in the region to increase their military capabilities, produce military weaponry and equipment, and even form military alliances to offset China’s military capabilities in the region. The U.S.-China rivalry makes the South China Sea region a single geostrategic theater that will drag regional countries into the maelstrom of conflict, including Indonesia in it. Facing a dynamic environment, Indonesia with an active defensive strategy deploys land aspect forces that have been centrally structured and dispersed (territorial command units), in an effort to prevent assertive actions from other countries.

СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ДОСУГОВЫХ ПРАКТИК МОЛОДЁЖИ (НА МАТЕРИАЛАХ ОРЛОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)

The purpose of the work is comparative analysis of the leisure practices of urban and rural youth in the Orel region. The basis of the work was the results of an empirical sociological study conducted among young people on this issue, as well as a secondary analysis of the 2021 regional study. The study analyzes the forms and types of leisure of the younger generation. The degree of satisfaction of urban and rural youth with cultural and leisure places of the Orel region is determined. It is shown that the majority of young people are used to organizing their leisure time on their own. On the one hand, this process is influenced by the values and interests of youth, and on the other hand, leisure practices are limited by the objective possibilities provided by the surrounding spatial environment. As a result, it is summarized that the efficiency of organizing youth’s free time in modern conditions of modernization and geopolitical turbulence will contribute to the self-realization and socialization of young citizens, social filiation and ensuring national security.