Geophysical Aspects Research Articles

Towards Sustainable Beach Tourism: Analysis of Beach Attractiveness, Overall Experience, and Revisit Intention in Coastal Ghana

Beaches are distinctive destinations, and their attractiveness is decisive in attracting tourists, enriching their experience, and sustaining coastal tourism. This study examined the relationship between beach attractiveness dimensions (scenery and cleanliness, facilities and services, geophysical aspects, and access and comfort), the overall experience, and revisit intentions of visitors. The mediating role of overall experience in the relationship between beach attractiveness and revisit intention was also tested. Data were collected from 311 respondents and analyzed using structural equation modeling in AMOS. These findings indicate the direct effects of beach scenery and cleanliness, as well as geophysical aspects, on revisit intentions. In addition, beach scenery, cleanliness, geophysical aspects, and facilities and services directly affect the overall experience of beach users. Finally, overall experience also mediated positive indirect relationships between facilities and services, access and comfort dimensions and revisit intentions. The results underscore the importance of enhancing beach attractiveness and user experience to attract tourists sustainably. The results are discussed from a demand perspective and implications are provided for beach management, regulators, and local governments on the supply side towards sustainable beach tourism in Ghana.

Integrated Geophysical Investigation of Gully Erosion in Ukpor Metropolis, Southeastern Nigeria Using Vertical Electrical Sounding and Electrical Resistivity Tomography Methods

This research investigates the geophysical aspects of gully erosion in Ukpor Metropolis using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) methods. We identified distinct subsurface lithological layers by interpreting resistivity curves and geoelectric sections across multiple sites, including clayey sands, dry sands, water-saturated sands, kaolinite clays, and shales. The resistivity data reveal a complex stratigraphy with varying aquifer depths and thicknesses, such as 39.5 meters and 97.3 meters. The study found that high resistivity values near the surface, indicative of porous and air-filled structures, significantly contribute to the area’s susceptibility to erosion. Soils with resistivity over 50 Ωm have an 87% probability of being highly erodible, which correlates with the gully-prone zones identified. The ERT results depict unstable heterogeneous zones, particularly those with sand lithology, prone to gully formation and potential landslides. Conversely, areas with consolidated kaolinite sand exhibit higher resistivity and lower susceptibility to erosion due to compaction and cement deposition in the sand’s pore spaces. The findings of this study underscore the critical role of subsurface lithology and resistivity characteristics in gully erosion processes. The study highlights the need for targeted erosion control measures and sustainable land management practices to mitigate the impact of gully formation in Ukpor Metropolis.

Analisis Status Mutu Air Tanah Sekitar Tambak Udang di Desa Hadiwarno, Kecamatan Ngadirojo, Kabupaten Pacitan, Jawa Timur

Hadiwarno Village is one of the regional villages in Pacitan Regency which has a large number of shrimp ponds of around 28.95 hectares. Shrimp ponds have been operating since 2015. Shrimp pond activities have the potential for liquid waste to seep into groundwater, requiring further processing. The purpose of this research was to determine the status of groundwater quality due to shrimp pond waste in the study area. The types of methods used in research are qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection uses survey and mapping methods. Groundwater sampling using a systematic sampling method with an interval of 15 meters from the shrimp ponds. The data analysis method used is quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods for pollution indices, the relationship between chemical geophysical aspects, problems and impacts from shrimp pond waste. The results showed that the value of the status of water quality in the study area at the three sample points was included in the slightly polluted classification with a pollution index value of 2.1766 to 4.9625

Subsurface investigation for groundwater potential of biu plateau basalt north eastern Nigeria, using vertical electrical sounding

Groundwater is a very important component of water resources in nature. Since the demand of groundwater increases with population growth, it is necessary to explore groundwater more intensively. The importance of groundwater cannot be overemphasized. For this reason, the exploration for water is therefore a vital aspect of Geophysics. The resistivity method of surveying was carried out for the study of Groundwater potential in Biu town, Borno State, Nigeria. Data were acquired using the ABEM Terrameter 300C using the Schlumberger array. The data obtained were subjected to interpretation by partial curve matching and then by computer iteration and the results correlated with records from existing wells. A total of four geologic layers namely; top soil, weathered basalt, fractured basalt and fresh basement was delineated in this study. Results showed that the aquifer is located within the second and third layers comprising mainly of weathered and fracture materials. The first aquifer is the weathered basalt with resistivity ranging from 11.5 to 106.8 Ωm and thickness ranges from 2.73 to 31.32 m. while the second aquifer is the fractured basalt with resistivity ranging from 16.5 to 372.2 Ωm with thickness from 2.9 to 11.17 m. Appropriate depths to which potable water can be obtained from the various locations varies from 21.89 m to 38.33 m are recommended in this study. While depths in VES 6 and VES 7 are 10.45 m and 14.97 m are not good for groundwater exploration.

Precipitation forecasting: from geophysical aspects to machine learning applications

Intense precipitation events pose a significant threat to human life. Mathematical and computational models have been developed to simulate atmospheric dynamics to predict and understand these climates and weather events. However, recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, particularly in machine learning (ML) techniques, coupled with increasing computer processing power and meteorological data availability, have enabled the development of more cost-effective and robust computational models that are capable of predicting precipitation types and aiding decision-making to mitigate damage. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in predicting precipitation events, addressing issues and foundations, physical origins of rainfall, potential use of AI as a predictive tool for forecasting, and computational challenges in this area of research. Through this review, we aim to contribute to a deeper understanding of precipitation formation and forecasting aided by ML algorithms.

Development of the methodology of energy and environmental safety of Ukraine based on own geothermics

The article presents an idea of the project that defines the development of a geothermal power plant methodology based on a single isolated well. It is planned to develop a technical and economic rationale and geological and geophysical aspects of the development of geothermal energy and to obtain data on deposits of geothermal water in the deep.
 Extraction of heat from hot rocks at the pits is to be carried out using a special energy carrier, construction of the operating column, and circulation mode.
 To create a model in the project, a well is needed with a depth of 4,702 m, temperature at the bottom of 130 °С, an unperforated casing string with a diameter of 245 mm to a depth of 4,500 m, and no formation fluids.
 The transfer and transformation of the energy carrier by the working body into electric and hydrogen energy is maintained by ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle).
 The development of the methodology includes two stages:
 The first stage of the project involves legal preparation at the local and state levels for the use of the land plot and technical means of the drilled well and obtaining licenses and permits for the implementation of the project. It is planned to develop a technical and economic feasibility study for the construction of a geothermal electric station that will generate electricity and hydrogen energy for consumers.
 The second stage of the project involves the technical preparation of the well for its use as part of a geothermal power station. Remediation of the well to a depth of 4,500 m is foreseen, as well as the implementation of industrial geophysical studies of the technical condition of the unperforated casing string; conducting preliminary geothermal studies on the stability and thermal productivity of hot rocks.
 The authors intend to use results in the oil-and-gas industry, which has deep wells that have completed their purpose for hydrocarbon extraction, as well as in the nuclear, metallurgical, chemical, and many other fields.

Processing and interpretation of seismic reflection data from the Los Humeros super-hot geothermal system

The Los Humeros volcanic complex is a geothermal field in Mexico that is now being further investigated as a candidate for the development of a super-hot geothermal system, as it has a temperature of over 350 ∘C. The European Horizon 2020 project GEMex (2016–2020) worked in this context aiming to characterize the geological and geophysical aspects of the area to assess the feasibility of a super-hot geothermal system. We describe the results of time and depth processing and interpretation of legacy 2D reflection seismic lines acquired in 1998 to study the deep structures of the caldera in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. The study is relevant for the geophysical characterization of the subsurface in this area, where no vertical seismic profiles are available but only two short sonic well logs. The interpretation of selected seismic horizons in the seismic depth profiles was first determined by the local geological model of the curved caldera and then calibrated by the stratigraphy of the boreholes and the matching of the 2D seismic lines crossing points. The processing outcomes are depth-migrated profiles, the corresponding P-wave velocities and the updated geological models. The main results are the representation of the basement and the identification of the structural make-up of the main units with some of the main faults of the collapsed caldera. Our results provide new insights into the subsurface geometry of volcanic collapses and the geothermal field contained within them at the caldera scale.

Numerical investigations and evaluation of a puga geothermal reservoir with horizontal wells using a fully coupled thermo-hydro-geomechanical model (THM) and EDAS associated with AHP

Puga geothermal reservoir in India gives promising results for the extraction of geothermal energy. On the other hand, no systematic studies were conducted to analyze the Puga geothermal reservoir's thermo-hydro-geomechanical behavior while heat extraction. Most of the researchers concentrated more on the geological and geophysical aspects of the Puga hot spring and provided basic geological data. This information is now being examined as input towards the construction of geothermal reservoirs. In this study, the THM model is enhanced by including additional dynamic fluid, rock, and fracture features, and an integrated assessment approach is anticipated to improve the heat extraction possibilities of the Puga geothermal reservoir. The variation in rock temperature in the vicinity of the production well is influenced less compared to the vicinity of the injection well. The low-temperature region is initially befalling in the vicinity of hydraulic fractures with high conductivity, flow rate, and strong heat convection further it extends to the rock matrix. Twelve injection-production scenarios were proposed for the Puga geothermal reservoir to extract heat energy with single and dual production wells and single injection well. Scenario-2 and scenario-8 are significantly showing high production temperatures when compared to other proposed scenarios. A multi-index-based evaluation system that consists of geothermal reservoir life, thermal breakthrough time, reservoir impedance, heat power, and heat recovery is employed to examine the geothermal extraction from the Puga geothermal reservoir. An integrated evaluation technique was projected for geothermal extraction which is created by coupling the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) techniques. The performance of twelve injection-production scenarios of the Puga geothermal reservoir are evaluated using the integrated evaluation technique. The results show that scenario-11 and scenario-9 were found to be the top two scenarios for the extraction of heat from the Puga geothermal reservoir. The results demonstrate that the proposed integrated evaluation system and improved THM model can be used for the evaluation of geothermal reservoirs effectively.

Preface to Special Issue "Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Geology, Geophysics and Geoecology"

This article is devoted to a special issue of the Russian Journal of Geosciences, which is dedicated to the VI International Scientific and Practical Conference "Fundamental and Applied Aspects of geology, geophysics and geoecology using modern information technologies" 2021 at Maikop State Technological University (Maikop, Republic of Adygea) consisting of "The Year of Science and Technology in Russia". The scientific forum is traditionally held once a two years and is of great interest to scientific community.

Seismic wave simulation using a 3D printed model of the Los Angeles Basin

Studying seismic wave propagation through complex media is crucial to numerous aspects of geophysics and engineering including seismic hazard assessment. In particular, small-scale structure such as sedimentary basins and their edges can have significant effects on high-frequency earthquake ground motion, which is the main cause for the damage to buildings and infrastructure. However, such structural effects are poorly understood due to limitations in numerical and analytical methods. To overcome this challenge, for the first time, we utilize the 3D printing technique to build a scaled-down physical representation of geological structure and perform lab-scale seismic experiments on it. Specifically, a physical model based on the Los Angeles Basin is printed and used as synthetic medium to propagate ultrasonic waves, to mimic seismic wave propagation from local earthquakes. Our results show clear body and surface waves recorded at expected time and locations, as well as waves that are scattered from the basin edges. We find that high-frequency energies are significantly reduced at the basin, which is at odds with the conventional view of basins as ground motion amplifiers. This novel waveform modeling approach with 3D printed Earth models is largely automated and provides an effective means to tackle geophysical problems of significance.

Introduction to this special section: Unconventionals

Unconventional reservoirs are made up of organic-rich source rocks in which the organic matter has matured thermally but the hydrocarbons formed during maturation have not migrated. Hydrocarbons trapped in tight source rocks are challenging to extract, requiring nontraditional methods such as directional drilling and reservoir stimulation via hydraulic fracturing. This special section is dedicated to various geophysical aspects of unconventionals.

Evaluating Petrophysical Properties and Volumetrics Uncertainties of Sand Injectite Reservoirs – Norwegian North Sea

Sand injectites on the Norwegian Continental Shelf have proven their commercial significance. Some are already producing, e.g., Volund, Viper, Balder, Ringhorne, and Kobra Fields, while others such as in production licenses (PL) 340 and 869 have recently been discovered and appraised. Extensive literature on the geology of sand injectites has been published (e.g., Jenssen et al., 1993; Jolly and Lonergan, 2002; Huuse et al., 2003; Hurst et al., 2005). However, few references are available on the petrophysical and geophysical aspects of sand injectite reservoirs. This paper discusses the petrophysical properties of sand injectite facies, dykes, sills, and brecciated sands, along with their identification from seismic data. A perception that volumetrics of sand injectite reservoirs cannot be reliably evaluated is assessed. Sand injectites in PL 340 and 869 were interpreted as remobilized sands from the Hermod and Heimdal Formations of Paleocene age injected into the overlying Balder Formation and Hordaland Group mudstones of Eocene age. The mudstones acted as a seal, forming an intrusive stratigraphic trap. The trap geometry varied locally depending upon the dyke and sill geometries of the sandstone. Dykes had large vertical reach with the corresponding high-hydrocarbon column, while sills had low-vertical relief with large lateral extent. Intervals of brecciated sands were also observed within the injectite complex, especially where sands were thin. These brecciated sands contained large amounts of angular mudstone clasts of different dimensions suspended in an overall sandy matrix. Close examination of cored dykes made it possible to observe this, while it might not be as obvious when looking at bulk well logs. Petrophysical-log responses for clean sills and dykes behaved the same way as they would in a clean sandstone reservoir. If sills and dykes were very thin, they would also risk not being counted as net or pay (Suau et al., 1984; Dromgoole et al., 2000; Flølo et al., 2000;). Such errors can impact in-place volumes in a significant way. Sills appeared as blocky clean sand on logs, but it was difficult to differentiate a dyke from a sill or thin sands using logs. Dykes are high-angle features and are identified either by core studies or borehole images when intersected by a well or, if large enough, observable on seismic. Brecciated sand intervals appeared with cm-to-dm-scale mudstone clasts suspended in sand with approximately 40 to 60% net to gross. Log responses over these intervals indicated shaly sand or thin sands. Resistivity and thermal neutron porosity logs were highly affected by the shale clasts. For this reason, a fractional net/gross interpretation technique was used to evaluate the sand content and hydrocarbon pore volume. To further verify these results, they were compared to observations directly on the core. To qualify to what extent petrophysical logs and interpreted products thereof can be relied on to evaluate hydrocarbon volumes of sand injectite reservoirs, a high-resolution petrophysical interpretation was generated using a computerized tomography (CT) scanned core image. Core image sand counting and image-derived high-resolution bulk density logs with shale-corrected resistivity were used. Results of this high-resolution interpretation featured an excellent match with routine core analysis data and manual core observations in the core laboratory. The fractional net/gross method used is the modified Thomas-Stieber method (Johansen et al., 2018). Its results compared well to the high-resolution CT-scan image results and better evaluated the hydrocarbon pore volume of sand facie compared to the conventional bulk formation evaluation approach. This result confirms that the Thomas-Stieber method can be used for brecciated rocks, which leads to some useful recommendations on how to best log and perform a petrophysical evaluation in such reservoirs.

Geostatic modeling of the clastic reservoir: a case study the Late Cenomanian Abu Roash G Member, Hamra Field, Abu Gharadig Basin, Western Desert, Egypt

Recent advances in computer sciences have resulted in a significant improvement in reservoir modeling, which is an important stage in studying and comprehending reservoir geometry and properties. It enables the collection of various types of activities such as seismic, geological, and geophysical aspects in a single container to facilitate the characterization of reservoir continuity and homogeneity. The main goal of this work is to build a three-dimensional reservoir model of the Abu Roash G reservoir in the Hamra oil field with enough detail to represent both vertical and lateral reservoir heterogeneity at the well, multi-well, and field scales. The Late Cenomanian Abu Roash G Member is the main reservoir in the Hamra oil field. It is composed mainly of shale, carbonate and some streaks of sandstone, these streaks are shaly in some parts. Conducting the 3D geostatic model begins with the interpretation of seismic data to detect reflectors and horizons, as well as fault picking to explain the structural framework and frequently delineate the container style with proposed limitations to construct the structural model. The lithology and physical properties of Abu Roash G reservoir rock, including total and effective porosity and fluid saturation, were determined using well log data from four wells in the Hamra field. The constructed 3D geological model of the Abu Roash G has showed that the petrophysical parameters are controlled by the facies distribution and structure elements, whereas properties are the central part to the northern side of the deltaic environment than the other sides of the same environment. The model will be useful in displaying the reservoir community and indicating prospective zones for enhancing the dynamic model to improve the behavior of the flow unit productivity, as well as, section of the best sites for the future drilling.

Воздействие космической погоды на наземные технологические системы

This review, offered for the first time in the Russian scientific literature, is devoted to various aspects of the problem of the space weather impact on ground-based technological systems. Particular attention is paid to hazards to operation of power transmission lines, railway automation, and pipelines caused by geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) during geomagnetic disturbances. The review provides information on the main characteristics of geomagnetic field variability, on rapid field variations during various space weather mani-festations. The fundamentals of modeling geoelectric field disturbances based on magnetotelluric sounding algorithms are presented. The approaches to the assessment of possible extreme values of GIC are considered. Information about economic effects of space weather and GIC is collected. The current state and prospects of space weather forecasting, risk assessment for technological systems from GIC impact are discussed. While in space geophysics various models for predicting the intensity of magnetic storms and their related geomagnetic disturbances from observations of the interplanetary medium are being actively developed, these models cannot be directly used to predict the intensity and position of GIC since the description of the geomagnetic field variability requires the development of additional models. Revealing the fine structure of fast geomagnetic variations during storms and substorms and their induced GIC bursts appeared to be important not only from a practical point of view, but also for the development of fundamentals of near-Earth space dynamics. Unlike highly specialized papers on geophysical aspects of geomagnetic variations and engineering aspects of the GIC impact on operation of industrial transformers, the review is designed for a wider scientific and technical audience without sacrificing the scientific level of presentation. In other words, the geophysical part of the review is written for engineers, and the engineering part is written for geophysicists. Despite the evident applied orientation of the studies under consideration, they are not limited to purely engineering application of space geophysics results to the calculation of possible risks for technological systems, but also pose a number of fundamental scientific problems.

Space weather impact on ground-based technological systems

This review, offered for the first time in the Russian scientific literature, is devoted to various aspects of the problem of the space weather impact on ground-based technological systems. Particular attention is paid to hazards to operation of power transmission lines, railway automation, and pipelines caused by geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) during geomagnetic disturbances. The review provides information on the main characteristics of geomagnetic field variability, on rapid field variations during various space weather mani-festations. The fundamentals of modeling geoelectric field disturbances based on magnetotelluric sounding algorithms are presented. The approaches to the assessment of possible extreme values of GIC are considered. Information about economic effects of space weather and GIC is collected. The current state and prospects of space weather forecasting, risk assessment for technological systems from GIC impact are discussed. While in space geophysics various models for predicting the intensity of magnetic storms and their related geomagnetic disturbances from observations of the interplanetary medium are being actively developed, these models cannot be directly used to predict the intensity and position of GIC since the description of the geomagnetic field variability requires the development of additional models. Revealing the fine structure of fast geomagnetic variations during storms and substorms and their induced GIC bursts appeared to be important not only from a practical point of view, but also for the development of fundamentals of near-Earth space dynamics. Unlike highly specialized papers on geophysical aspects of geomagnetic variations and engineering aspects of the GIC impact on operation of industrial transformers, the review is designed for a wider scientific and technical audience without sacrificing the scientific level of presentation. In other words, the geophysical part of the review is written for engineers, and the engineering part is written for geophysicists. Despite the evident applied orientation of the studies under consideration, they are not limited to purely engineering application of space geophysics results to the calculation of possible risks for technological systems, but also pose a number of fundamental scientific problems.

Geophysical aspects of the ecological state in the Transcarpathian Inner Trough in 2020

Geophysical aspects of the ecological state in the Transcarpathian Inner Trough in 2020

Geological, Geotechnical and Geophysical Aspects of Zafarana Wind Farms Sites and Their Expansion at Gabel El Zeit Sites Egypt

The growing need for sustainable power generation has led to increasing number of power plants, of fossil-fuel type and of non-conventional type. The foundation types of wind turbine towers in power plant structures are mainly depend on the geotechnical and structural considerations and other geological and geophysical considerations. The safety and economic conditions also play a vital role in the design of foundations. Such foundations must effectively be designed taken into consideration large overturning moments and dynamic loading due to extreme wind and earthquakes. The present research is focused on studying the geotechnical, geological and geophysical aspects and characterizes of soils in Zafarana Wind Farms sites and their expansion at Gabel El Zeit sites on the Suez Gulf of Egypt. The study first address and study the geological aspects of both sites Zafarana Wind Farms sites and Gabel El Zeit sites. Secondly, the geotechnical and geophysical characteristics are studied based on establishing data base from 698 borings and 8 seismic refraction profiles across Zafarana wind Farm sites and 10 borings and 2 seismic refraction profiles at Gabel El Zeit site. The geotechnical testing and geophysical profiles were compiled to determine the variation of the soil profile as well as the characteristics of the soil layers within the study sites. The results showed construction of 8 representative boring logs at Zafarana Wind Farm sites and 2 representative boring logs Gabel El Zeit sites to represent the characteristics of the soil layers and site statgerphy. Also, the study shows the result of compression wave velocity and shear wave velocity across both sites and within the studied soil layers up to 30 m. All these results from this research will help to study the foundation and the structure of wind turbine tower, where these types of tall structures are similar to chimney structures in design and other engineering considerations.

A Multi-Criteria Analysis Based Technique to Integrate Socio Economic and Geo-Physical Aspects in Risk Sensitive Land Use Plan: A Case Study on Mirsharai Upazila, Chattogram District, Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a developing and densely populated country. The process of urbanization is increasing day by day in this country. But planned development is challenging here. Bangladesh is the largest delta in the world. Due to geographical location, Bangladesh is naturally prone to disasters. Not only that Bangladesh is also under the thread of global worming and climate change related issues. Although Bangladesh is not contributing much to global greenhouse gas increase, Bangladesh is one of the largest victims of the adverse impacts of global worming and climate change. To reduce the impact and damage it is necessary to formulate risk reduction land use plan incorporating socioeconomic and geo-physical aspects. Mirsharai is a coastal Upazila situated in Chattogram District of Bangladesh. The area is highly prone to disaster and affected by climate change related problems. So, the area is ideal for this kind of study. In this paper, socioeconomic characteristics such as affordability, investment potentiality, demand and need has been analyzed. Result shows that people’s affordability is not good in most of the places of Mirsharai Upazila but in some isolated areas like small urban area or growth centres, people’s affordability and other socioeconomic conditions are good. Geo-physical aspects such as Infrastructure, ground water recharge, water logging tendency, Road accessibility, Ground elevation, Agricultural crop pattern and Land use were used to calculate development suitability and development conflict using Multi-criteria Analysis technique. Based on development suitability and conflict 4 category were identified as highly suitable, suitable, moderately suitable and less suitable area for development. Similarly, highly conflicted, conflicted, moderately conflicted and less conflicted areas for development were identified. Finally, by comparing development conflict and suitability maps, a relative development suitability map was produced marking highly suitable, suitable, moderately suitable, less suitable, partially unsuitable and completely unsuitable areas for development. These types of socioeconomic and geo-physical condition analysis can help making clear understanding on the study area for making risk sensitive land use plan.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RADIO-THERMAL IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES IN GEOLOGY ON THE EXAMPLE OF OIL AND GAS CONDENSATE FIELDS

The brief physical foundations of Radio-Thermal Imaging Technologies are considered, the geophysical aspects of deciphering and interpreting aerospace data, the relationship of satellite images with the deep structure of the Earth are shown with an illust

The rises of the Amerasia basin, arctic ocean, and possible equivalents in the Atlantic ocean

Main positive morphostructures of the Amerasia Basin, the Lomonosov Ridge, Alpha Ridge, Mendeleev Rise, Chukchi Plateau and Northwind Ridge, have been considered from geomorphological, geological and geophysical aspects. Time and Depth seismic sections have been provided up to the Moho discontinuity from the Lomonosov Ridge and its junction with the Greenland and East-Siberian shelves. Time and Depth seismic sections of the Mendeleev-Alpha rises and Chukchi Plateau are presented too. The sections were set up based on seismic surveys: deep seismic sounding and multichannel seismic reflection. Some similarities have been reflected for the foregoing land structure depth sections and typical sections of the continental crust. Brief geological and geophysical data have been presented for the positive morphostructures of the Atlantic Ocean such as the Rockall and Vring plateaus, the continental nature of which is established beyond all doubt. Genesis of positive morphostructures in the northern Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean has been connected with processes of continental rifting and concomitant intraplate magmatism.