Geographical Aspects Research Articles

Responsible innovation and societal challenges: The multi-scalarity dilemma

Societal challenges tend to be characterized by their multi-scalarity as problems emerge and co-evolve on multiple scales. Resolving these challenges requires innovators to navigate often conflicting considerations between multiple scales when dealing with complexity, uncertainty, and contestation. Innovators need to ground resolutions in local values and worldviews while simultaneously fitting these into global efforts to help drive systemic responses. Nevertheless, studies on Responsible Innovation commonly focus exclusively on a local or global scale. In this perspective paper, we explore rationales for these two prevalent but opposing approaches, and provide tentative insights into how multi-scalarity could be navigated by uniting scales through a hybrid approach. The paper proceeds by opening up research on multi-scalarity, and the geographical and relational aspects of Responsible Innovation in a broader sense.

TRABZON MÜZESİNDE BULUNAN OSMANLI DÖNEMİNE AİT BİR TAŞ BASKI

This study presents a unique instance of a lithographic stone from the early 20th century that is currently housed at the Trabzon Museum. The limestone block in question exhibits a cream coloration and possesses two surfaces that are notably smooth and flat. One side of the block showcases hand-drawn depictions of commercial images, while the other side presents a map delineating the geographical aspects of the Çanakkale Strait. This particular work holds great significance in the context of Ottoman printing history, since it not only contributes to our understanding of this field but also sheds light on several fragmented depictions of lost Ottoman commerce. The labels illustrated on Side A of the lithographic stone exhibit three different types: unilingual, bilingual, or trilingual. These labels make use of many languages including French, Greek, Ottoman Turkish, Armenian, and English. Within the aforementioned categories, there exists a label that pertains to a producer of mineral water situated in Sürmene. Additionally, two labels are associated with pharmacies operating in Trabzon and Samsun respectively. Furthermore, one label corresponds to a manufacturing facility engaged in the production of Douzico, while another label is attributed to a vendor of quinine sulfate originating from London. It is likely that the printing establishments in Trabzon served not only the local community, but also the surrounding communities, potentially extending as far as Samsun and possibly beyond. The inclusion of the Çanakkale Strait map on Side B provides valuable evidence that contributes to our understanding of the geographical nomenclature pertaining to both the European and Asian regions of Çanakkale during the 1910s, immediately preceding the commencement of the Gallipoli Campaign. This particular map can be regarded as the most extensive and thorough representation of the Çanakkale Strait during the specified time period.

ТРИПІЛЛЯ. ЗВ'ЯЗОК КУЛЬТУР ЧЕРЕЗ СТОЛІТТЯ. ТАЄМНИЦІ, ГІПОТЕЗИ, ВІДКРИТТЯ

The article discusses the main issues related to the problem of studying and understanding the Trypillia culture. The author analyzed the subject heritage and studied scientific and folklore sources on the Trypillia culture itself and on similar cultures both in geographical and temporal aspects. The article is for informational purposes only. The author shows the connection between traditions in Neolithic architecture and modern architecture, and convinces us of the similarity in solving the problems set before the builders of the past and present. He puts forward his theories explaining the mysteries of Trypillia culture. One of the most important qualities of an architect is the ability to put himself in the role of a user. When designing, each time “guide” yourself through the imagined building. It must be remembered that the measure of any architecture is a person. The ancient Greeks called architecture the “third skin.” All sizes and proportions were subordinated to man, in harmony with his nature and the surrounding nature. Using the example of Neolithic culture, the author tries to restore lost traditions, make architecture less abstract and closer to the direct user - man. For the first time in a study of the culture of Tripoli, the features of this civilization were not only identified, but also the reasons for the emergence of these features were reasonably explained. An attempt was made to travel through time in a way. Through studying the origins of civilizations comes an understanding of the very essence of things, the very essence of architecture. Teaching a student not to mindlessly copy the architectural heritage, but to master the skill of understanding architecture is the most important task. And, the author, using the example of Trypillia, brilliantly shows the logic of the architectural decisions of the Trypillia people, their truthfulness and spontaneity in traditions, in art and in architecture. And it is precisely this approach that is most tenacious. It is because of truthfulness that architectural solutions and construction technologies of the Neolithic era are still alive.

‘Special offers for target groups that otherwise would not have been reached’

Using the perspective of neo-institutionalism and institutional logics, this article examines regional networks in the field of literacy and basic education. The goal of the analysis is to identify different forms of community-logics within two actor constellations. For this purpose, two regions are focused within a multiple-case study design. The empirical approach is based on interviews with experts from the field of literacy and basic education. The Interviews are evaluated qualitatively. The interview material will be used to identify different logics of communities in the regions and to examine the contexts in which actors orient themselves to the different logics. It becomes clear that communities in adult basic education are constituted on the basis of both geographical and content related aspects. By becoming a member of the communities, the actors benefit from various advantages. This collaboration ultimately enables the social participation and inclusion of the low-literate in the regions.

Evaluation of Prospects for Creating data storage and Processing Centers in the russian arctic

The article presents an assessment of the prospects for creating data storage and processing centers in the Russian Arctic. Despite the successful domestic and foreign practice and the obvious advantages of creating data centers in the Arctic zone, the implementation and further scaling of these projects is accompanied by a number of barriers. Based on the study of political, economic, social, technological, legal, environmental and geographical aspects of the external environment that affect the creation of a data center in the Russian Arctic, a SWOT analysis matrix has been compiled. Recommendations are given on the creation of data centers in the region, taking into account its specifics.

Formulation and Specification of Regional Hadith Studies

The study of regional hadith is an essential aspect of hadith scholarship but still poses some challenges that need to be addressed to clarify terminology while integrating the concept with Western area studies theory. This article aims to formulate a robust framework for area hadith, focusing on formulation and specification. In this study, the author integrates some of the fundamental theories of hadith science and applies the analysis of the philosophy of al-Tarikh to unpack the stages of regional hadith studies from historical, ideological, and geographical aspects which are linked to the theory of area studies which not only deals with regionalism in particular but critically analyses the roots, the spread of hadith in several geographies and their specifics. The results of this study reveal that regional hadith studies have deep roots, beginning with the discussion on ‘ismah (the impossibility of making mistakes) and the emergence and spread of hadith in Mecca and Medina during the time of the Prophet Muhammad as its formulation. Subsequently, the study expanded to other regions. In addition, it identifies three main specific aspects of regional hadith studies: first, specifications related to the Sanad (chain of narrators), involving narrators from the same or different geographies; second, specifications of narrators based not only on their geographical location but also on their roles and contributions; third, specifications related to the matan (content of the hadith) and its implementation in one or more regions and its relation to certain aspects. This article provides a clear and comprehensive framework for the study of regional hadith, outlining the key elements that should be considered in this research. The findings have significant implications for a deeper understanding of regional hadith, which can enrich hadith science

The geographical preconditions of radical price reforms in post-Mao China: Critical reflections on How China Escaped Shock Therapy

This paper offers a critical engagement with Isabella Weber’s fascinating new book, How China Escaped Shock Therapy. It foregrounds the book’s contributions to knowledge on a hitherto under-explored topic – why shock therapy advocates were unsuccessful in launching all-out price liberalisation across China during the 1980s – and introduces new questions through assessing Weber’s analysis vis-à-vis three geographical aspects of Chinese political-economic evolution: (a) the role of landownership control and redistribution in stabilising the Chinese economy following the Communist Party of China’s (CPC) revolutionary victory in 1949; (b) the path-dependent effects of Mao-era (1949-1976) landownership institutions on economic reforms during the 1980s; and (c) Deng Xiaoping’s approach to the multi-dimensional emergence of coastal-oriented industrialisation. These three aspects collectively accentuate how the territorial configuration and regulation of the Chinese political economy, so fundamental for producing and sustaining CPC regime durability, undermined the neoclassical bias towards price liberalisation. Understanding the geographical preconditions that underpin post-1949 Chinese political-economic evolution is therefore crucial for understanding why shock therapy was ultimately deemed incongruent with CPC rule.

MSGCN-ISTL: A multi-scaled self-attention-enhanced graph convolutional network with improved STL decomposition for probabilistic load forecasting

Probabilistic load forecasting has gained widespread attention for its effectiveness in providing scientific power dispatch plans in recent years. Most existing works adopted decomposition strategies to handle the temporal features of load data, but ignored the fact that decomposition components have different levels of importance, resulting in the incomplete extraction of temporal correlation information. Moreover, previous works have primarily concentrated on the geographical correlation among neighboring load zones and overlooked the semantic correlation among load zones, resulting in insufficient extraction of spatial correlation information. In this study, a novel multi-scaled self-attention-enhanced graph convolutional network with improved Seasonal-Trend decomposition based on Loess (STL) decomposition (MSGCN-ISTL) is proposed for probabilistic load forecasting. First, an improved STL decomposition is proposed, which adopts a convolutional neural network with dual convolutional channels to separately handle the different decomposition components, thus improving the extraction of temporal correlation information. Second, a new multi-scaled self-attention-enhanced graph convolutional network is proposed to extract the spatial correlation information from geographical and semantic aspects simultaneously, which enriches the receptive fields and extracts the multi-scaled enhanced spatial features. Experimental results conducted under various conditions demonstrate the superiority and robustness of the proposed model.

Arts of letting live in the contemporary world of globalization

The ways of living or letting live have always been intertwined in historical and geographical aspects of the human race in defense of society, territory and control of bodies and space. It is addressed in the work that, since the time of mercantilism, nations have been exploited by subtracting from them all that there is of wealth, expropriating their people who remain throughout history at the height of socioeconomic problems triggered by the United Nations (UN) with its multiple variables for measuring the territories in their inequality of wealth, in the social and environmental scope. Afterwards, we see the repetition of the conquest of new territories in the modern and contemporary period by the European imperialist metropolises in favor of maintaining their own industrial revolutions in Africa and Asia, as well as the struggles for power and conquests among themselves in the interwar period, in the which was called the cold war and in the new neocolonialism of Globalization in which inequalities in the field of security are perpetuated, in which subjects are expelled from their own territories becoming political exiles in search of new horizons that can provide them with dignity. Period of jurisdictional imposition of the government with macropolitical issues arise from the option of the desire of its own nationals in search of supremacy that part of the population has always legitimized in the designs of prejudice of race, gender and institutions.

The Role of Education in the Development of Human Capital: A Bibliometric Analysis of Literature Outputs in 1990–2023

Abstract Objective Comprehensive overview of the most relevant topics, trends, and scientific products in the field of the relationship between education and human development. Methodology Bibliometric (VOSviewer v.1.6.10) analysis were used to describe thematic, temporal patterns, clustering of concepts and research networks (geographical and institutional aspects). Findings The study provides a comprehensive overview of the state of research on education’s role in human capital development, offering summarized insights into global trends, thematic shifts, and key contributors to the field. Value Added The article contains quantitative methodological approach to studying current topics and developing research on the impact of education on human development, which is interdisciplinary and covers a large volume of publications. The article defines research thematic and evolutionary-temporal patterns, carries out clustering of research networks according to the affiliation of scientists (geographical and institutional aspects), and identifies leaders of scientific opinion in this field. Recommendations Future research may focus on developing a list of measurable indicators suitable for evaluating the role of education in human development, and social and economic determinants to avoid cognitive biases or irrational and distorted decision making by mainstream agents.

High Prevalence of a c.5979dupA Variant in the Dysferlin Gene (DYSF) in Individuals from a Semiarid Region of Brazil.

Dysferlinopathies represent a group of limb girdle or distal muscular dystrophies with an autosomal-recessive inheritance pattern resulting from the presence of pathogenic variants in the dysferlin gene (DYSF). In this work, we describe a population from a small city in Brazil carrying the c.5979dupA pathogenic variant of DYSF responsible for limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2R and distal muscular dystrophy. Genotyping analyses were performed by qPCR using customized probe complementary to the region with the duplication under analysis in the DYSF. A total of 104 individuals were examined. c.5979dupA was identified in 48 (46.15%) individuals. Twenty-three (22%) were homozygotes, among whom 13 (56.5%) were female. A total of 91.3% (21) of homozygous individuals had a positive family history, and seven (30.4%) reported consanguineous marriages. Twenty-five (24%) individuals were heterozygous (25.8±16 years) for the same variant, among whom 15 (60%) were female. The mean CK level was 697 IU for homozygotes, 140.5 IU for heterozygotes and 176 IU for wild-type homo-zygotes. The weakness distribution pattern showed 17.3% of individuals with a proximal pattern, 13% with a distal pattern and 69.6% with a mixed pattern. Fatigue was present in 15 homozygotes and one heterozygote. The high prevalence of this variant in individuals from this small community can be explained by a possible founder effect associated with historical, geographical and cultural aspects.

Development of Indonesian Maritime Sovereignty Culture Through Indonesian Maritime Policy with Indonesian Maritime Defense Strategy

In the past, Indonesia wielded a significant influence over the Southeast Asia region and beyond, particularly through the Srivijaya Kingdom and later Majapahit's maritime prowess. Indonesia's natural affinity for maritime culture predates its very conception and is evident in the vast territorial waters surrounding almost all of its provinces. This unique geographical aspect makes Indonesia an archipelagic state with a maritime tradition. To support Indonesia's maritime defense, it is crucial to promote the prosperity of its maritime affairs. The country's national defense strategy takes into account its archipelagic nature. Maritime culture is a key aspect of the five pillars that drive Indonesia towards becoming a World Maritime Fulcrum. This policy point recognizes that a robust maritime culture is fundamental to the formation of Indonesia's maritime defense. Strong maritime culture begets a robust maritime defense, highlighting the interdependence of these two critical components. Keywords: maritime culture, maritime defense, maritime power, world maritime fulcrum

Examine the Efficacy of the Strategies Used to Spread Knowledge About NREGA in the Different Domains of Kashmir Valley

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was notified in India on September 2005 with a mandate to provide at least hundred days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every rural household whose members above the age of eighteen years volunteer to do unskilled manual work. The main focus of the act is to facilitate the social protection and to provide livelihood security for the people living in rural India by providing employment opportunities and therefore contributing towards the overall development of the local people. The present research paper is attempted to examine the efficiency of the strategies used to spread knowledge about NREGA in different domains of Kashmir Valley. The paper focuses on understanding the efficacy of strategies employed to spread knowledge about MGNREGA and how it has impacted the lives of beneficiaries. This was studied through in-depth interviews and analysis of Geographic, Socio-economic, and Politico-cultural aspects in the regions of Gutyar, Jalsheri, Tulmulla B, and Drend.

The Characteristics Of Tourists Doing Culinary Tour: A Case Study Of Lengkong Street Food Bandung

Lengkong Street Food is a culinary tourist attraction that is currently popular in Bandung. This study aims to explain the characteristics of tourists visiting Lengkong Street Food Bandung through socio-demographic, geographic, and psychographic aspects and to find out what types of culinary they like and find out the reasons tourists like these culinary delights. Researchers used a descriptive method in this study with observation, interviews with eleven visitors, and documentation techniques. The results of the research based on the socio-demographic characteristics of tourists are dominated by adolescents and adults with female gender. Based on geographical characteristics, tourists come from outside the city of Bandung. Psychographic characteristics, tourists have interests and expectations. This research found that tourists like culinary types such as Dimsum, BBQ, Suqi, and Steak. The reason tourists like this type of cuisine is because it looks unique, attractive, has affordable prices and has adequate supporting facilities, and offers comfort
 Keywords: Characteristics of tourists, culinary tourism, Lengkong Street Food Bandung
 

Spatial characteristics of unpleasant cycling experiences

The relationship between cycling and spatial characteristics has focused more on push & pull factors, such as distance and time between A and B, rather than on the actual experience of cycling on the route between A and B. Several studies have examined cycling experiences, and their geospatial relations, but few have linked the two in a quantitative matter. In this paper we provide insight into urban spaces are related to unpleasant experiences, and how this affects perceived safety and the degree of avoidance of these places.Hereto, this study has carried out, mapped, and examined a unique database consisting of the results of a map-based survey of 808 experiences reported by 641 cyclists in the city of Oslo, which were related to their geospatial aspects (including aspects of land use, transport network measures, and geographical aspects) in Geographic Information System (GIS). We use a novel methodological approach by using GPS-based route choice data, to account for differences in exposure.Our findings show that unpleasant experiences while cycling happens in a wide range of places spread over the city. The geographic variables correlated to these experiences were related to public transport infrastructures, places where pedestrians and cyclists used combined roads and higher road speed limits, higher levels of road traffic, and a high employment density. The higher length of a road section in the network, was related to fewer negative experiences, indicating that they are related to intersections. In general, those with lower weekly amounts of cycling were more likely to feel unsafe or to avoid specific places. The findings have implications for integrated transport and spatial planning.

Agricultural Intensity and Land Use of District Sultanpur (U.P.)

The study of land use is considered a major geographical aspect for the development of food production, in which agricultural intensity is the most important factor. Under this, the frequency of crops produced in a particular area is studied. Agricultural intensity refers to the frequency of crops in an agricultural area, that is, the number of times a crop is produced in a given agricultural area in a year. This frequency of crops is called the agricultural intensity of that area. While the agricultural intensity index decreases with the decrease in the number of crops. There is an interdependent relationship between agricultural intensity and land use. The higher the total cropped area than the net sown area in a region, it shows the degree of agricultural intensity.

Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Factors of China’s Digital Economy Development Based on ESDA and GM-GWR Model

Research on the geographical aspects of the digital economy is valuable. We base our study on 10 consecutive years of panel data from 2011–2020 for 31 Chinese provinces. First, we measure the Digital Economy Index using the entropy weight method and analyze its spatiotemporal heterogeneity characteristics using the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) method. Next, the Grey Model (GM) is utilized to conduct time series predictions of each geographical unit. Finally, we use the GM predicted values and Geographic Weighted Regression (GWR) model to explore the spatial heterogeneity effects of external factors. This study finds that: (1) The overall development shows a trend of vigorous growth, with significant spatial heterogeneity. The gradient difference shows a decreasing trend from the eastern coastal areas to the western inland areas. (2) There is an obvious “digital divide” and a “Matthew effect” in regional development, with agglomeration and spillover effects gradually increasing. (3) Considering the influencing factors, technological progress has a positive impact, and the technology-oriented spatial spillover is obvious, showing a pattern of high in the south and low in the north. The industrial structure is significantly positive, and increases year by year, showing a distribution characteristic of high in the north and low in the south in general, with a clear effect of reducing the “bipolar” distribution. The marginal effects of government support and foreign investment are reduced and there is spatial non-stationarity. This study provides a scientific basis for further research on the spatial development of the digital economy.

신라 군사제도 연구의 현황과 과제

This article reviews the results of research on the Silla military organization and summarizes future research issues. Silla's military organization can be found in the Bumgunho record of Mugwan section, in the 『Samguksagi(History of the Three Kingdoms)』. Mention of the Silla military organization began in the late Joseon Dynasty. In the late Joseon Dynasty period, the Silla military organization was mentioned in order to organize the military system of the past or to reform the military government and military system. Actual research on the Silla military organization with modern historical research methods was began after the 1900s. The interest in Korean history during this period led to empirical research on historical and geographical aspects, and also for the Silla military organization. After the liberation of Korea in 1945, the study of the Silla military organization intensified. Studies were published that provided an overview of the Silla military organization from an institutional perspective, and studies were also conducted that linked the military organization to the local system. These studies became the basis for later research on military organizations. From the 1970s, research on Silla's military organization became more detailed, with studies focusing on individual military organizations or specific military offices based on the results of previous studies. From the 1990s to the present, researchers have research achievements in military organizations that have been difficult to identify due to very sketchy records, and studies have been published to trace the process of change in military organizations and the operation of military organizations in connection with the Silla defense system. As a result of the constant efforts of researchers in the face of absolute scarcity, both qualitatively and quantitatively research on the Silla military organization has been greatly advanced and accumulated. However, there are still many things that need to be resolved. It is hoped that more research on military organizations will be conducted in the future and much will be revealed about the Silla military organization.

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA WISATA PANDEAN UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN DI WILAYAH KECAMATAN DONGKO

Aspect of accessibility and geographical contours. From the aspect of accessibility, Pandean Village is easy to access because it is passed by the route between Trenggalek-Pacitan Regencies. Meanwhile, from a geographical aspect, the Pandean Village area which has mountainous contours adds to the beauty and special features of Pandean Village. This research aims to exploit the development potential of Pandean Village as a tourist village based on a study of aspects of readiness and demand so as to be able to provide recommendations for the sustainable development of Pandean Village. The approach used in this study is a mixed method including qualitative methods to examine supply aspects, community characteristics, policies, and quantitative methods to examine tourism demand aspects. The results of the study show that Pandean Village has the potential to be developed as a sustainable tourism village. However, there are various problems in Pandean village such as convenience, information, support from the village government and institutions that are still new and a lack of knowledge in tourism development. Keywords: tourist village; community economy; sustainable

Happiness, Space and Place: Community Area Clustering and Spillovers of Life Satisfaction in Canada

There has been a rapidly growing number of studies of the geographical aspects of happiness and well-being. Many of these studies have been highlighting the role of space and place and of individual and spatial contextual determinants of happiness. However, most of the studies to date do not explicitly consider spatial clustering and possible spatial spillover effects of happiness and well-being. The few studies that do consider spatial clustering and spillovers conduct the analysis at a relatively coarse geographical scale of country or region. This article analyses such effects at a much smaller geographical unit: community areas. These are small area level geographies at the intra-urban level. In particular, the article presents a spatial econometric approach to the analysis of life satisfaction data aggregated to 1,215 communities in Canada and examines spatial clustering and spatial spillovers. Communities are suitable given that they form a small geographical reference point for households. We find that communities’ life satisfaction is spatially clustered while regression results show that it is associated to the life satisfaction of neighbouring communities as well as to the latter's average household income and unemployment rate. We consider the role of shared cultural traits and institutions that may explain such spillovers of life satisfaction. The findings highlight the importance of neighbouring characteristics when discussing policies to improve the well-being of a (small area) place.