Geographic Information System Spatial Analysis Research Articles

The Evolution of the Spatial–Temporal Pattern of Tourism Development and Its Influencing Factors: Evidence from China (2010–2022)

The Chinese economy has shifted towards a stage of high-quality development, and promoting high-quality development of tourism is of great significance for its sustainable development. Based on the new development concept, using Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis, Moran’s I Index, and the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, this paper analyzes the spatial–temporal evolution of tourism development in 31 provinces in China during 2010–2022. The findings are as follows: (1) the overall tourism development level of China from 2010 to 2022 was at a medium-low level, showing a spatial distribution pattern of “higher in southeast and lower in northwest”; (2) from the perspective of the Quality–Quantity relationship, the quality of tourism development in China has gradually improved, the regional gap between the east and the west and the internal gap among western regions/provinces have gradually expanded; and (3) tourism innovation and internationalization level are the main influencing factors of high-quality tourism development in China’s provinces, providing practical decision-making references for advancing the high-quality development of tourism.

Ecological compensation based on multiscale ecosystem carbon sequestration service flow

Scientific assessments of the supply, demand and flow of ecosystem services and the formulation of ecological compensation policies are important for the promotion of sustainable regional development. Based on the supply–demand ratio model, breakpoint model, field strength model, geographic information system spatial analysis and statistical methods, we assessed the supply, demand and supply–demand relationships of carbon sequestration services on the Loess Plateau for 2000, 2010 and 2020. We also analyzed the interregional flow of carbon sequestration services at multiple scales and accounted for horizontal ecological compensation. The results revealed that from 2000 to 2020, both the supply and demand of carbon sequestration services increased, with a greater increase in demand. The high-supply areas were mostly in the central and northwestern parts of the Loess Plateau, and the high-demand areas were mostly in areas other than the central part. The supply–demand ratio for carbon sequestration services declined, with a large increase in the number of deficit counties and surplus counties, mostly in the central and western parts of the study area. The flow rates of carbon sequestration services within the Loess Plateau increased. The intercounty flow rates within the same city were the highest but decreased. Decreasing intercity flow rates appeared within the same province although they initially increased. Finally, interprovincial flow rates were the lowest, but they were increasing. The outflow of carbon sequestration services from the Loess Plateau to external regions was greater than the inflow from external regions, but the outflow decreased in 2020 compared with 2010, while the inflow from external regions increased. Most cities actually received or paid less ecological compensation than that accounted for based on the basis of flow rates after considering willingness to pay and ability to pay. Moreover, the number and total compensation of cities receiving ecological compensation were greater than the number and total compensation of payers in the 44 cities within the Loess Plateau. This study provides a theoretical basis for not only understanding the spatial transfer patterns of ecosystem services at multiple scales but also formulating ecological compensation policies, thereby promoting the realization of regional sustainable development.

Spatial Analysis of Lung Cancer Patients and Associated Influencing Factors from the Perspective of Urban Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Jiangsu Province, China

With global environmental changes, lung cancer has become one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, posing a significant public health challenge. Jiangsu Province, located in the eastern part of China, is an economically and socially developed region. According to the latest cancer registration data in Jiangsu Province, lung cancer ranks first in both incidence and mortality of cancer in the province. Thus, studying the spatiotemporal distribution of lung cancer cases and analyzing the influence of various factors on this distribution are crucial for the effective prevention and control of the disease in Jiangsu Province. This study takes the statistical data of lung cancer patients in Jiangsu Province in 2020 as the research object, uses Geographic Information System (GIS) visualization and spatial analysis to study the spatial distribution characteristics of lung cancer patients in Jiangsu Province, and employs the geographical detector to numerically express the impact of various environmental factors on the distribution of lung cancer patients in Jiangsu Province. The results reveal a notable spatial clustering of lung cancer cases, with high-incidence areas concentrated in Suzhou, Nanjing, and Xuzhou cities. Among the seven environmental factors examined, PM2.5, SO2, and PM10 concentration exert the most significant influence. This study employs multifactorial spatial analysis to elucidate the intricate relationships between people’s health and air quality, medical resource distribution, and lung cancer incidence in the process of pursuing sustainable development in cities and provides an important reference for the improvement in lung cancer prevention and control strategies.

URBAN HEAT ISLAND ANALYSIS USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING IN KOSHOFE LAGOS STATE

Urban heat islands (UHIs) are a significant concern in urban areas, particularly in tropical regions like Lagos, Nigeria. This study employs geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (rs) techniques to analyze the urban heat island effect in Koshofe, a rapidly urbanizing area in Lagos. The research aims to identify the spatial distribution, intensity, and factors influencing UHI in koshofe. Using Landsat 8 and sentinel-2 satellite imagery, land surface temperature (LST) was retrieved and analyzed. GIS spatial analysis and mapping techniques were applied to examine the relationship between lst, land use/land cover (LULC), population density, and urban morphology. The study also investigated the impact of urban planning strategies on UHI mitigation. Results show that Koshofe experiences significant UHI effects, with lst varying between 28°c and 38°c. Built-up areas, particularly commercial and industrial zones, exhibited higher (LST) values compared to vegetated areas. Population density and urban density were found to be positively correlated with (LST). The study identified areas with high UHI risk, including major road networks and informal settlements.

Assessment of Ventilation Potential and Construction of Wind Corridors in Chengdu City Based on Multi-Source Data and Multi-Model Analysis

The establishment of urban ventilation corridors (UVCs) aims to mitigate the urban heat island effect. While most studies focus on the construction and assessment of the environmental benefit of UVCs, they often overlook the analysis of UVCs’ topological features. This research integrates multi-source data including 3D urban buildings, historical meteorological observations, high-resolution remote sensing, and land use planning, combined with multiple models, including geographic information system spatial analysis, circuit theory, and complex networks. Based on an assessment of urban ventilation potential, the circuit model was applied to extract UVCs aligned with the prevailing wind direction for both summer and winter seasons. Complex network modeling was employed to analyze the topological features of the ventilation network. From the analytical results, a multi-level wind corridor system for Chengdu was quantitatively developed. The results indicate that the city’s overall ventilation resistance is high, with notable spatial clustering, and the southeastern region faces substantial ventilation obstructions. A total of 143 critical ventilation nodes were identified, with the number of air inlets and outlets in summer being significantly fewer than in winter. However, the cooling effect of ventilation corridors in the prevailing summer wind direction is superior to that in winter. The ventilation network comprises 16 communities with distinct ventilation characteristics, exhibiting moderate connectivity, lacking small-world properties, and showing congestion and instability.

Mapping the intrinsic potential of water infiltration in urban subsurface: feedback from France

In a context of increasing urbanization, with strong soil sealing, and with an increase in extreme weather events, the management of rainwater in urban areas is becoming a major issue. In order to improve water resource management and to prevent urban floods, more and more cities are considering or already implementing water infiltration systems. Infiltration of water is not possible anywhere due to natural and/or anthropic reasons. In this frame, the intrinsic infiltration capacity of the subsurface is one key natural parameter. Global maps are needed to build territorial strategies. In France, a lot of studies are available but a national methodological framework for mapping this index does not exist. In this paper, we analyse various studies carried out in France for such mapping and compare the methods with examples in other countries. Most of the French studies combine a Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) and a Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis. The criteria include geological, hydrogeological and geomorphological parameters. The PHOEBUS method developed on Rennes Metropolis seems the most relevant and replicable one to provide a common framework at French scale. It takes into account 7 criteria, including rock/soil permeability, topographic slope and thickness of the unsaturated zone. The obtained maps may be used as such, modified by integrating sealed surfaces or crossed with other criteria linked to the urban environment (e.g. sealed surfaces, soil pollution, heat islands). They provide a decision support tool for urban planning. In particular, they are useful to improve rainwater management, but also in the elaboration of desealing or renaturation strategies. It seems essential to act in concertation with local stakeholders to identify their needs and the specificities of the territory.

Multi-scale matching and simulating flows of ecosystem service supply and demand in the Wuhan metropolitan area, China

Metropolitan areas face the challenge of balancing increasing social needs against limited natural resources. The multi-scale evaluation of ecosystem services (ES) supply, demand and flows is crucial but under explored. Four prominent ES, food provision (FP), carbon sequestration (CS), soil conservation (SC), and outdoor recreation (OR) in Wuhan metropolitan area (WMA) were selected as cases. ES supply and demand were assessed by InVEST model, geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis, and statistical methods. A linear programming model was employed to reveal the characteristics of ES flows. Results showed the following: (1) the total ES supply capacity can meet the demand of the study area. At different scales, the supply patterns were fundamentally consistent, except for FP, which was significantly higher in Wuhan's suburban areas. In contrast, the other three ES exhibited high supply in the northeast and south WMA, encompassing the Dabie and Mufu Mountains. The high demand for all ES radiated from the city center, except for SC. (2) A significant scale effect of ES mismatch was found, and ecological deficit patches decreased with increasing research scale. The Mismatch was evident on finer scales but lessened at coarser ones. (3) ES flows, consisting of FP, CS, and OR, formed a flow pattern from the suburbs to the city center. Coarse-scale management integrating ecological flows may better maintain ES balance than fine-scale measures. These findings provide insights for multi-scale management strategies that not only contribute to localized ecological restoration, but also optimize strategies for ecological corridors and compensation mechanisms.

Climate Change Projections for Stroke Incidence in Taiwan: Impact of 2°C and 4°C Global Warming Level.

This study aimed to establish the exposure-lag-response effect between daily maximum temperature and stroke-related emergency department visits and to project heat-induced stroke impacts under global warming levels (GWL) of 2°C and 4°C. Stroke-related emergency department visits in Taiwan from 2001 to 2020 were identified using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). The study population consisted of 1,100,074 initial stroke cases matched with 2,200,148 non-stroke controls. We employed Distributed Lag Nonlinear Models (DLNM) in a case-crossover study to investigate the association between temperature and stroke. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models with a Poisson function were used to correlate high-temperature exposure with annual stroke incidence rates. Projections were made under two global warming scenarios, GWL 2.0°C and 4.0°C, using Coupled General Circulation Model (GCMs). Baseline data from 1995 to 2014 were transformed for spatial distribution at the township level. Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis was performed using Quantum GIS 3.2.0 software. DLNM exposure-lag-response effect revealed that daily maximum temperature exceeding 34°C significantly increased the risk of stroke-related emergency department visits, particularly for ischemic stroke. Under the 2°C GWL scenario, the frequency of days with temperatures surpassing 34°C is projected to rise substantially by the median year of 2042, with a further increase to 92.6 ± 18.0 days/year by 2065 under the 4°C GWL scenario. Ischemic stroke showed the highest increase in temperature-related incidence rates, notably rising from 7.80% under the GWL 2°C to 36.06% under the GWL 4°C. Specifically, the annual temperature-related incidence rate for ischemic stroke is expected to increase significantly by 2065. Regions such as Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, and Taitung demonstrated pronounced changes in heat-related ischemic stroke incidence under the GWL 4°C. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing temperature-related stroke risks, particularly in regions projected to experience significant temperature increases. Effective mitigation strategies are crucial to reduce the impact of rising temperatures on stroke incidence and safeguard public health.

Analysis data spatial for nutrition programs: a review using geographic information system

Nutritional problems are public health problems that are still found in developing countries, one of the prevention efforts requires nutritional data information. Geographic information systems (GIS) is an information system application that can analyze spatial data, such as population distribution, regional boundaries, and access to health centers. This study aims to examine the use of spatial data analysis with GIS in monitoring nutrition programs. The methods used in data retrieval use scientific database searches such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar as well as VOSviewer application with Keywords such as "spatial data analysis", "Geographic Information System", "Nutrition program", and design and implementation. The results of this study state that the GiS has a broad impact on the dissemination of nutritional status information, especially in areas with nutritional vulnerability, GIS spatial analysis can help understand the factors that contribute to malnutrition, as well as environmental factors that influence the success of nutrition programs. The results of the study concluded that priority areas of nutrition program intervention on the use of Geographic Information Systems can be used to make decisions and analyze spatial data to reduce the burden of disease in these areas. Furthermore, this review further enhances the understanding of the use of GiS for nutrition program interventions in improving the success of nutrition programs.

Understanding the spatial pattern and structural characteristics of cities in late feudal China: evidence from the local chronicle maps of the qing dynasty (1644–1911)

ABSTRACT Our study analyzes the spatial pattern and structural characteristics of cities in late feudal China based on multiple correlation and geographic information system spatial analysis, using 58 local Chinese chronicle maps of Jiangsu in the Qing Dynasty as research material. The elements in the city map were dominated by the types of official buildings, transportation facilities, and religious buildings. The urban spatial pattern can be classified into four types, such as extraverted and introverted, with each type having an aggregated spatial distribution and a gradual introverted orientation in time. The urban spatial structure can also be divided into four types: traditional, axial, random, and composite. Spatial distribution of each type is relatively stable, with little change over time. The geographic environment and the traditional concept of city building are the basic reasons for the formation of the spatial pattern and structure. The flood disaster, commercial and military factors contribute to the diverse structures. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of quantifying the ancient Chinese chronicles’ city maps. The findings have important value for contemporary ancient city restoration and shaping urban characteristics.

Research on the construction of intangible cultural heritage corridors in the Yellow River Basin based on geographic information system (GIS) technology and the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model

Objectively and accurately identifying the spatial structure and protection scope of intangible cultural heritage and constructing intangible cultural heritage corridors are crucial for the comprehensive systematic protection of intangible cultural heritage and the synergistic development of the region. However, the current research on intangible cultural heritage is limited to the protection and development of intangible cultural heritage in specific locations or specific areas. Thus, systematic and holistic research perspectives are relatively limited. Therefore, this study employs geographic information system spatial analysis and the minimum cumulative resistance model to construct an intangible cultural heritage corridor in the Yellow River Basin. This study aims to establish a systematic protection method and framework for intangible cultural heritage. The results show the following: (1) The intangible cultural heritage in the Yellow River Basin has a large-scale centralized distribution and small-scale scattered distribution, which provides an important spatial basis for the construction of intangible cultural heritage corridors. (2) Overall, intangible cultural heritage corridors can be more effectively constructed in the eastern region of the Yellow River Basin than in the western region, with 84.6% of the area being suitable and 15.4% being unsuitable. (3) Based on the suitability analysis, the "18 + N" corridor system of intangible cultural heritage in the Yellow River Basin, distributed across the eastern, central and southern regions, is constructed. The major corridor has a suitable width of 60–100 km, a total length of 11,935 km, and an area of 625,976 km2–919,942 km2, and can connect 634–711 intangible cultural heritage sites in series. On this basis, this study proposes a multilevel construction system for intangible cultural heritage corridors in the Yellow River Basin that integrates the "network structure–spatial scope" and "element–axis–region" levels. This approach culminates in a pattern of intangible cultural heritage protection and development in the Yellow River Basin characterized by "connecting points into lines, distributing in groups, and linking regions." This study reveals that combining geographic information system spatial analysis tools with a minimum cumulative resistance model effectively identifies potential heritage corridor networks and clarifies the hierarchical relationships of heritage element protection in the study area. This approach provides a reference model for the comprehensive protection and systematic development of intangible cultural heritage in the Yellow River Basin. Furthermore, the effectiveness and universality of this framework make it applicable to the protection and development of other similar international heritage areas.

3D dynamic landscape simulation of artificial intelligence in environmental landscape design

Three-dimensional (3D) simulations and precise landscape visualizations are crucial for various applications, like landscape management and planning, computer and connection of the landscape, evaluation, and tracking of land use. The consequences of several plans and a large scene cannot be communicated using older methods of comprehensive environmental planning and development in a timely, rational, and coordinated manner. Architects have trouble incorporating ideas into other comprehensive planning implementation processes. Architects did not thoroughly investigate the neighbourhood's demographics and matching behavioural needs and lacked critical thinking. The 3D dynamic landscape simulation is a detailed computerized three-dimensional simulation of the environment that can be dynamically presented. With the aid of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, the system possesses a strong sense of reality, a user-friendly interface, and interactive features that can be tailored to the requirements of the contemporary urban environmental landscape. Regarding exterior publicity, domestic assistance, environmental land use planning, and information systems. The novelty of the proposed Interactive Design System based on AI (IDS-AI) is to create a 3D dynamic landscape model based on a real-life environmental scene, utilizing a Geographic Information System (GIS) to optimize landscape vision. Secondly, 3D environmental landscape design simulation was implemented using GIS spatial analysis in conjunction with the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process (FAHP) to reduce the data overlap rate and help make an accurate decision. Finally, the design incorporates the development of the interactive interface system application of landscape design and environmental resources for viewing the landscape, the factors that affect them, and the area coverage ratio of various land cover types. The experimental outcomes show that the suggested IDS model increases the gradient sensitivity level of 98.3 % and area coverage ratio of 93.4 % compared to other existing models.

Research on the Manifestation and Formation Mechanism of New Characteristics of Land Disputes: Evidence from the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

Land disputes have significantly disrupted legal order, production, and social harmony, and has been regarded as a quintessential challenge in public governance, attracting worldwide attentions from scholars. As an emblematic feature of China’s latest reform and opening-up strategy, the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) in China has experienced rapid development after entering the new era (2012–2021) alongside substantial risks and challenges, particularly regarding land disputes. Better understanding of the manifestation and formation mechanism of new characteristics of land disputes is beneficial for contemporary public governance and for achieving a high-quality development of the YREB, whose Gross Domestic Product (GDP) accounted for 46.3% of the national GDP in 2023. A total of 325,105 land dispute cases in 11 provinces or municipalities of the YREB from 2012 to 2021 were collected and analyzed. On this basis, an evaluation index system of the new characteristics of land disputes, named the overall land dispute (OLD) index, was constructed according to measurement theory by coupling the interactions of quantity, claim amounts, duration periods, and the appeal rate of land dispute. Then, the OLD index was evaluated by descriptive statistical methods, a geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis, a center of gravity model, kernel density estimation, and Theil index methods, to reveal the new characteristics and formation mechanisms of land disputes in the YREB from 2012 to 2021. The results indicated that: (1) The OLD index exhibited a trend of an initial increase followed by a decline, indicating that land disputes in the YREB showed signs of alleviation. (2) The government’s capacity for resolving land disputes was significantly improved, as evidenced by the decline in the OLD index from 0.59 in 2018 to 0.51 in 2021. This improvement could be attributed to the effectiveness of enhanced governmental working mechanisms, regulatory standards, and the integration of digital technologies. (3) The analysis of the center of gravity model indicated that the focus of land disputes shifted westward, propelled by national policy support for upstream regions of the YREB and the need for land ecological protection. (4) The analysis of kernel density estimation indicated that regional disparities in land disputes within the YREB had declined, driven by a positive trend toward balanced regional development and rural governance. This study provides scientific insights into the new characteristics of land disputes in the YREB and guidance for policy decision making on effective land dispute management.

Spatial Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Eutrophication Potential from Livestock Manure in Bangladesh

Large amounts of livestock manure production in Bangladesh have created a challenge to the environment by increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and eutrophication potential (EP) risk. Though some studies have identified the impact of manure on emissions, the consequences of manure exploitation on water bodies are very rare. This study investigated the effects of livestock manure on both air and water environments in the regional context of Bangladesh. Mathematical equations were used to assess manure generation, GHG emissions, manure leach-out amount, EP, and geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis tools were applied to visualize the outcomes of the research. Between 1990 and 2020, the GHG emissions increased from 7451.26 to 13,244.45 kilotons CO2eq, and the amount of manure leach-out to water also increased from 236.49 to 493.75 kilotons over these 30 years of time. In 2023, the study demonstrated that approximately 216.97 million tons of livestock manure were produced in Bangladesh, which accounted for a total GHG emission of 16.61 million tons CO2eq, and about 62.19 million tons of manure leached out to water, which has a total EP of 295.22 kg N-eq/ha/year. This study offers regional pattern emission intensity and eutrophication-susceptible area maps, which indicate the stimulus of livestock manure across Bangladesh. A long-term impact study, distinctive map formation, and eutrophication susceptibility analysis will be helpful for implementing specific policies and strategies to improve the environment of the livestock sector in Bangladesh.

A comprehensive Analysis of the Application of GIS and RS Technologies in Flood Prediction and Risk Assessment, with a Focus on Wadi Baysh Dam in the Jazan region. KSA

This study uses GIS spatial analysis and open-source data based on flood hazards formulas to provide a thorough analysis and forecast of floods using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS). The Wadi Baysh Dam overflowed with water in 2016 as a result of the torrential downpour that hit the dam, its streams, and the surrounding surroundings results the increasing the storage capacity. In terms of water reserves, it is the dam that is thought to be the biggest in the Kingdom. Some settlements in Baysh, which are under siege since their highways are blocked off, suffered greatly as a result of flooding. However the storage capacity of Wadi Baysh Dam around 200 million cubic meters of water. In order to identify the actual Wadi Baysh flood-vulnerable area, this study combined data from remote sensing, the Geographic Information System (GIS) technique, and an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) computation. The investigation was carried out to determine the viability of using remote sensing open-source data,basemap of the study area andArcGIS10.4 software in Wadi Baysh risk management. Slope (10%), height (15%), drainage density (20%), distance to stream (20%), rainfall intensity (25%), and land cover (10%) all have a proportion of relative weight that determines how flooding is analyzed. As a result of the most recent GIS analysis (weighted overlay approach), five zones are identified within the extracted flood region based on the categories of hazard. There are ten blocks in all—five in a high-risk area and five in a moderately dangerous one. The paper looks at the flood risk in Wadi Baysh using a combination and integration betweenremote sensing opensources data and GIS models. High precipitation and runoff in the dam’s downstream sections will be the main cause of difficulties, causing a great deal of death and destruction to agricultural and urban areas. Eventually, a control room connected to the GIS model and remote sensing devices will be needed in this valley to implement an efficient warning system and flood hazard management system.

Assessing Risks in Cross-Regional Tourism Corridors: A Case Study of Tibetan Plateau Tourism

Due to the frequent impact of external risks, scientific tourism risk assessment has become the primary task to be implemented in the process of tourism development. Especially with the development of self-driving travel, cross-regional tourism corridors have become an important tourism carrier. However, compared to traditional fixed-location tourism, cross-regional tourism introduces a more intricate landscape of risks. Therefore, there is a pressing need to assess the tourism risks inherent in these corridors. There are many cross-regional tourism corridors in the Tibetan Plateau, but the natural environment of the Tibetan Plateau brings great risks to these tourism corridors. That is why this study focuses on the Tibetan Plateau’s tourism corridors, employing methodologies such as the Analytic Hierarchy Process, entropy weight method, geographic information systems (GIS) spatial analysis, and others to delve into their tourism risk profiles and the influencing factors. Our findings reveal elevated tourism risks across the Tibetan Plateau’s corridors, notably concentrated along the Yunnan–Tibet Line, north Sichuan–Tibet Line, Xinjiang–Tibet Line, Tangfan Ancient Road, Qinghai–Tibet Line, and south Sichuan–Tibet Line. Furthermore, Geodetector was employed to scrutinize the factors influencing tourism risk within the Tibetan Plateau’s corridors, identifying tourism resource endowment, geographical location, precipitation patterns, and economic foundations as primary influencers. Notably, the interaction between these factors exacerbates the overall tourism risk. These insights significantly contribute to the field of tourism risk research and provide a scientific basis for formulating robust tourism safety management strategies within the Tibetan Plateau region.

Spatio-Temporal Changes of Arable Land and Their Impacts on Grain Output in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 1980 to 2020

The “Yangtze River Economic Belt Development Strategy” is one of China’s three major national development strategies. Enhancing the protection and quality of arable land in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB) is pivotal for fostering regional growth. In this study, land use data spanning the years 1980 to 2020 in the YEB were extracted from the national land use database maintained by the Resource and Environment Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Employing Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis techniques and arable land change metrics, the study delineated the spatiotemporal characteristics of arable land alterations across the YEB for the period. Additionally, using grain output data at the prefecture level from 2011 to 2020, the paper calculated provincial grain output to analyze the impact of arable land changes over the last four decades on grain output. The findings revealed that: (1) From 1980 to 2020, the total arable land area in the YEB decreased by approximately 41,775 square kilometers, with the most significant decrease occurring in the downstream region. (2) From 1980 to 1990, the primary factor contributing to the decrease in arable land area was the expansion of water bodies, while from 1990 to 2020, the principal reason for the reduction in arable land area was the expansion of construction land. (3) From 1980 to 2020, the decrease in arable land area resulted in a net reduction of approximately 25.12 million tons in total grain output, with the largest decline observed in the downstream regions and the smallest decline in the upstream regions. (4) Consistent with the trends in arable land area reduction, the main reason for the decline in grain output from 1980 to 1990 was the expansion of water bodies encroaching upon arable land, whereas from 2000 to 2010, the primary cause of arable land reduction was the expansion of construction land areas. In conclusion, the research suggested that over the past four decades, the primary driver behind the reduction in arable land within the YEB has been the expansion of construction land areas. Particularly noteworthy was the period from 2000 to 2010, during which the impact of arable land reduction on grain output was most pronounced. This period coincided with the rapid economic development and accelerated urbanization process within the YEB.

A coupled PSR-based framework for holistic modeling and flood resilience assessment: A case study of the 2022 flood events in five southern provinces of China

In the context of global climate change, the increasing frequency of extreme weather events has led to increasingly severe disaster situations. Traditional disaster management approaches are inadequate for addressing these challenges; thus, the concept of resilience has gradually been integrated into disaster management strategies. This study addresses this gap by developing a semi-quantitative evaluation framework for flood resilience on a large, regional scale. This framework combines the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model with a dynamic representation of flood resilience processes, incorporating pre-disaster resistance, during-disaster absorption, and post-disaster recovery. A comprehensive regional flood resilience index system (RFRI) is constructed to provide a holistic assessment of flood resilience throughout the disaster cycle. This study quantified flood resilience and utilized Geographic Information System spatial analysis to evaluate the spatial patterns of flood resilience at the municipal level. The evaluation framework was applied to a real flood disaster that affected five southern provinces of China in 2022. The results indicate that: (1) The overall flood resilience levels in the five southern provinces were relatively low, with only 6% of the units having a Flood Resilience Index (FRI) exceeding 0.6; and (2) in terms of pre-disaster resistance, 74% of municipalities in the five southern provinces of China exhibited a moderate or higher level of resilience. However, the overall performance of these provinces is relatively poor in terms of absorption during disasters and post-disaster recovery; (3) The development of flood resilience systems in the five provinces was severely imbalanced, with only two municipal-level cities having an FRI above 0.8, both of which are located in Guangdong Province. The evaluation framework established in this study enables rapid and accurate quantitative assessment of flood resilience at the municipal level. It aids in identifying deficiencies in the flood resilience systems of various regions, thereby strengthening efforts to build flood resilience.

SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF LAND COVER CHANGES IN DEPOK CITY USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Depok City is an area undergoing significant changes in land cover due to rapid urban development. Additionally, population growth is contributing to these land cover changes. These factors exert pressure on land use changes, with implications for land cover. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a spatial analysis of land cover changes in Depok City. This research employs Geographic Information System (GIS) methods and spatial analysis to examine land cover changes in Depok from 2017 to 2022. The objectives of this study are to identify the land cover conditions in Depok from 2017 to 2022 and analyze the changes in land cover during this period. The data source used is Landsat 8 satellite imagery. These satellite images were interpreted to produce land cover maps for the years 2017 and 2022. Subsequently, these two maps were overlaid to assess changes in land use. The research results revealed seven land cover classes in 2017, with the largest in terms of area being Residential/Built-up Areas (12,383.43 hectares), Green Open Spaces (3,479.66 hectares), Dryland Agriculture (2,218.65 hectares), Services/Industry (885.41 hectares), Paddy Fields (414.59 hectares), Open Land (373.66 hectares), and Water Bodies (239.23 hectares). Spatial analysis indicated a decrease in land cover for Green Open Spaces (238.84 hectares), Dryland Agriculture (122.67 hectares), and Paddy Fields (31.89 hectares). Conversely, an increase in land cover was observed for Residential/Built-up Areas (266.01 hectares), Services/Industry (91.84 hectares), and Open Land (35.55 hectares).

Changes in Potentially Suitable Areas for Fruit Utilization of Acer truncatum in China under Climate Change

Acer truncatum is a unique multipurpose woody oil species in China. It is crucial to study the geographical distribution patterns of fruit utilization of A. truncatum under climate change scenarios to ensure the rational site selection and germplasm resource protection of this tree. In this study, the Maxent model and Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis technology were used to construct a suitable area model for the plant under current climate conditions by selecting 138 sample points and 15 ecological factors, and to predict the potentially suitable areas under four climate scenarios in 2050 and 2070. The results showed that under current conditions, the main suitable areas were concentrated in China, such as Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Hebei, with an area of 1.64 × 106 km2. Under future conditions, the suitable area in 2050 and 2070 showed an expanding trend compared with that in the current period, and the expansion ratios were as high as 36.52% and 45.80% under the RCP2.6-2050 and RCP8.5-2070 scenarios, respectively. The expansion area is concentrated in the middle latitudes of China (38° N~52° N), basically covering the middle and northeast of Inner Mongolia and the middle and north of Heilongjiang, while the loss area is mainly located in northern Sichuan, northern Hubei and eastern Henan. The center of the suitable area is expected to migrate to the northeast in 2050 and 2070, with a maximum migration distance of 355.46 km. Under future conditions, the suitable area shrinks in low-latitude regions and expands in high-latitude regions, and the expanded area becomes larger than the contracted area. This conclusion provides important guidelines for the directional cultivation of A. truncatum for utilization of its fruit.