Introduction: Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the latter still representing the main cause of death in Luxembourg. The aim of this study was to estimate the current prevalence of hypertension, associated risk factors, and its geographic variations in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Methods: Cross-sectional, population-based data on 1,508 randomly selected residents of Luxembourg, aged 25 to 64, were collected as part of the European Health Examination Survey (EHES-LUX) between 2013 and 2015. Hypertension was defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure of ≥140/90 mmHg, self-report of a physician diagnosis or on anti-hypertensive medication. Standard and Bayesian regressions were used to examine associations between hypertension and covariates. We mapped hypertension‘s geographic distribution by using a Bayesian geo-additive mixed model adjusted by health-related behaviours, socioeconomic characteristics, body mass index, depressive symptoms and general health status. Results: 31% (471 of 1508) of Luxembourg residents were hypertensive, and half of them were unaware of their condition. Among those who were aware of their condition, nearly 50% (121 of 261) were not adequately controlled. In men, the likelihood of being hypertensive was: lower in those being more physically active (>3h/week) (odds ratio [OR] and 95% credible region [CR]: 0.60[0.37, 0.92]) and consuming alcohol daily (0.33 [0.10, 0.83]), and higher in those with a low health perception (1.63 [1.01, 2.69]). In women, the likelihood of being hypertensive was higher in those experiencing depressive symptoms (1.83[1.27, 2.68]). There was a clear variation in hypertension prevalence across cantons and municipalities, with a North to South gradient: the highest odds ratio was observed in the South-West region of the country (1.21 [0.94, 1.57]), one of the most industrialized regions in Luxembourg. We observed a significant positive spatial effect in this region at 90% nominal level. Conclusions: In Luxembourg, the vast majority of people with hypertension are either unaware of their condition or not adequately controlled, which constitutes a major public health issue. There are geographic differences in hypertension prevalence in Luxembourg, which is remarkable given the size of the country. It is therefore necessary to consider the role of individual and regional (canton and commune level) risk factors in hypertension prevalence, as well as public health initiatives to control and promote awareness about this condition in order to reduce its burden in Luxembourg.