Genus Spiraea Research Articles

Адаптивный потенциал видов рода Spiraea L. в условиях Дендрологического сада им. И.М. Стратоновича

This article presents the results of a comprehensive study of decorative flowering shrubs of the genus Spiraea (Spiraea L.). 7 species of Spiraea L. from the collection of the Dendrological Garden of Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov have been selected for analysis: Spiraea × Bumalda Burv, Spiraea ulmifolia Scop (L.) Maxim, Spiraea chamaedryfolia L., Spiraea salicifolia L., Spiraea nipponica var. tosaensis, Spiraea betulifolia Pall and Spiraea sericea Turcz. It has been established that the shrub height varies from 0.8 m (for Spiraea Bumalda Burv, Spiraea betulifolia and Spiraea nipponica var. tosaensis ) to 2.1 m (for Spiraea ulmifolia Scop (L.) Maxim and Spiraea sericea Turcz.). Spiraea ulmifolia Scop (L.) Maxim has the largest crown span (2.4 × 2.7 m) with a maximum number of 42 stems for a shrub. The compact shape of the shrub has been noted in Spiraea betulifolia Pall and Spiraea Bumalda Burv (1.0 × 1.3 and 1.0 × 1.1 m, respectively). While conducting phenological observations, it has been recorded that the first leaves of Spiraea sericea Turcz, Spiraea salicifolia L., Spiraea ulmifolia Scop (L.) Maxim and Spiraea nipponica var. tosaensis Maxim begin to appear in mid-May. The leaf blades of the remaining introduced species under study unfold with a difference of two weeks from the previously listed ones. It has been established that all the species of Spirea L. under study successfully tolerate the harsh northern climate (winter hardiness score I–II) and have become naturalized, which has been confirmed by the abundance of fruiting and the sowing quality of the seeds. According to archival data, the seeds of all the species of Spiraea L. under study ripen annually. The largest proportion of germinable seeds has been observed in Spiraea betulifolia Pall (92 %). High seed germination energy has been noted in Spiraea sericea Turcz and Spiraea betulifolia Pall. The period of seed germination for all Spiraea has been 15 days, except for Spiraea Bumalda Burv., which has been left on the bed for up to 20 days, however, the germination rate has been only 57 %, and a fifth of the tested seeds have been empty. The high quality of self-reproducing seeds leads to the conclusion that Spiraea sericea Turcz., Spiraea nipponica var. tosaensis, Spiraea betulifolia, Spiraea ulmifolia Scop (L.) Maxim and Spiraea salicifolia L. can be grown from seed stock. All the species under study are characterized by the full extent of adaptability. The decisive factor influencing the degree of adaptability of Spiraea is high winter hardiness of these plants. The adaptive capacity of introduced species determines the boundaries of the secondary distribution area. All the species under study can be recommended for northern city landscaping.

Overview of the chemistry and biological activities of natural atisine-type diterpenoid alkaloids.

Atisine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids (DAs) are a very important class of diterpenoid alkaloids, which play an important role in the biosynthesis of DAs. To date, 87 atisine-type DAs and 11 bis-DAs containing an atisine unit have been reported from five genera in two families. The genus Spiraea in Rosaceae family could be regarded as the richest resource for atisine-type DAs, followed by the genera Delphinium and Aconitum in the Ranunculaceae family. Among the reported atisine-type DAs, several possess unprecedented skeletons. Natural atisine-type DAs have a wide range of biological activities, including antitumor, antiplatelet aggregation, biological control, and anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiarrhythmic, and cholinesterase inhibitory effects, which are closely related to their structures. In particular, the antiparasitic effect of atisine-type DAs is more prominent than that of other types of DAs, which highlights their potential in antiparasite drug discovery. In summary, the high chemical and biological diversity of atisine-type DAs indicates their great potential as a vast resource for drug discovery.

INVENTORY OF THE SPECIES DIVERSITY OF THE GENUS SPIRAEA L. ON THE TERRITORY OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN "PODILLYA" VNAU AND THE USE OF THE SPECIES INVESTIGATED IN CREATING GARDEN AND PARK COMPOSITIONS

The article examines the peculiarities of the use of species and decorative forms of the genus Spiraea in the plantations of the "Podillia" botanical garden of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. Namely: Japanese spirea (Spiraea japonica L.), Bumalda's spirea (Spiraea bumalda L.), White spirea (Spiraea alba (Miq.) Zab.), Thunberg's spirea (Spiraea thunbergii Sieb. ex. Blume), Wangut's spirea (Spiraea vanhouttei (Briot) Zab.), medium spirea (Spiraea media L.), birch spirea (Spiraea betulifolia L.). It was established that the species of spirea growing on the territory of the botanical garden "Podillia" of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University belong to the following sections: Calospira, Glomerati, Chamaedryon, Spiraria. The largest number of plants is the Calospira section, which includes plants of the species Spiraea japonica (Spiraea japonica L.) (12 pcs), Spiraea bumalda (Spiraea bumalda L.) (8 pcs) and White Spiraea (Spiraea alba (Miq.) Zab. ) (4 pcs). As a result of the research, it was established that species of the genus Spirea are highly decorative from the beginning of April to the beginning of November. Although spring-flowering species have a short flowering, but it is very abundant. White, Japanese, and Boumalda spireas have the longest flowering period. Also, studies have shown that, taking into account the decorative qualities of Spireia species, they can be successfully used in the design of landscape or regular style objects in such plant compositions: single or group plantings, mixed borders, curbs and hedges, when creating alleys, undergrowth and the edge of the forest, with greening of the slopes. Based on the results of the observations, landscaping projects were proposed, which demonstrate various ways of using plants of the genus Spirea in combination with other types of plants to create decorative compositions. According to the project decisions, species of the genus Tavolga can be combined with such plants as: Berberis thubergii, Heuchera sanguinea, Euonymus fortune, Coreopsis verticillta, Forsythia Intermedia , Cotoneaster divaricatus, Hydrangea paniculata, Juniperus communis and J. horizontalis.

SR-XRFA in research of Siberian shrubs of the urban ecosystem

A study has been first made of the element composition of the plants of three species of two genus Spiraea and Myricaria, growing in the Novosibirsk Urban Ecosystem and the soil samples from their habitat by method of Xray fluorescence analysis using synchrotron radiation (SR-XRFA). The most severe heavy metal pollution in urban conditions was noted in Myricaria bracteata plants. The species Spiraea chamaedryfolia, the most tolerant to pollution in urban conditions may be recommended as a standard and M. bracteata is recommended as a bioindicator plant for environmental pollution. The data obtained on the elemental composition of plant samples and soils may be included in the databases.

Characterization and phylogenetic analyses of ten complete plastomes of Spiraea species

BackgroundSpiraea is a genus of deciduous shrubs that contains 80-120 species, is mainly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and has diversified in East Asia. Spiraea species are cultivated as ornamental plants and some are used in traditional herbal medicine. Based on morphological characteristics and genetic markers, phylogenetic classification exhibits low discriminatory power.ResultsIn present study, we assembled and characterized the chloroplast (cp) genomes of ten Spiraea species and comparatively analysed with five reported cp genomes of this genus. The cp genomes of the fifteen Spiraea species, ranging from 155,904 to 158,637 bp in length, were very conserved and no structural rearrangements occurred. A total of 85 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 37 tRNAs and 8 rRNAs were annotated. We also examined 1,010 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, most of which had A/T base preference. Comparative analysis of cp genome demonstrated that single copy and non-coding regions were more divergent than the inverted repeats (IRs) and coding regions and six mutational hotspots were detected. Selection pressure analysis showed that all PCGs were under purifying selection. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete cp genome data showed that Spiraea formed a monophyletic group and was further divided into two major clades. Infrageneric classification in each clade was supported with a high resolution value. Moreover, the phylogenetic trees based on each individual mutational hotspot segment and their combined dataset also consisted of two major clades, but most of the phylogenetic relationships of interspecies were not well supported.ConclusionsAlthough the cp genomes of Spiraea species exhibited high conservation in genome structure, gene content and order, a large number of polymorphism sites and several mutation hotspots were identified in whole cp genomes, which might be sufficiently used as molecular markers to distinguish Spiraea species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete cp genome indicated that infrageneric classification in two major clades was supported with high resolution values. Therefore, the cp genome data of the genus Spiraea will be effective in resolving the phylogeny in this genus.

LC-HRMS for the Identification of Quercetin and Its Derivatives in Spiraea hypericifolia (Rosaceae) and Anatomical Features of Its Leaves.

Spiraea hypericifolia L. is affiliated with the section Chamaedryon Ser. of the genus Spiraea L. (Rosaceae). Similar to many other Spiraea species, S. hypericifolia most often accumulates flavonols among other flavonoids, in particular quercetin and its derivatives. An ethanol-water extract from the aerial part of S. hypericifolia collected in the vicinity of the Ilyichovo settlement (Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia) was analyzed by liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Primary and secondary metabolites were found in the extract; structural interpretation consistent with quercetin and its derivatives was proposed for 10 of them. Major compounds were various glycosides of quercetin containing glucose (four compounds), galactose (one compound), xylose (two compounds), arabinose (one compound), or rutinose (one compound) as a carbohydrate residue. Isorhamnetin and 3-O-methylquercetin-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were identified among methyl-containing compounds. The latter compound and reynoutrin, rhamnetin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, and quercetin-3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside have not been previously found in S. hypericifolia. Data on the presence of quercetin and its derivatives in the extract of S. hypericifolia expand the understanding of the possible practical use of this plant. In addition, the microscopic features of S. hypericifolia leaves were studied. The diagnostic features of the leaf blade necessary for the authentication of raw materials were revealed: straight-walled epidermis cells, stomata located on both sides of the leaf blade (amphistomatic type), two types of trichomes, and wrinkled cuticula with nodi. The main anatomical diagnostic features of the leaves of S. hypericifolia were determined, which makes it possible to assess the authenticity of the raw material.

Molecular Phylogeny of Russian Species of the Genus Spiraea (Rosaceae) according to the Nucleotide Variability of the ITS Nuclear rDNA Region

Molecular Phylogeny of Russian Species of the Genus Spiraea (Rosaceae) according to the Nucleotide Variability of the ITS Nuclear rDNA Region

Pollen morphology and variability of native and alien, including invasive, species of the genus Spiraea L. (Rosaceae) in Poland.

The pollen morphology was studied in 25 taxa of the genus Spiraea L. The aims of this study were to describe the pollen morphology and variability and to determine whether the pollen features of alien, expansive or invasive Spiraea species differ from those of other taxa. The species of Spiraea were analysed for nine quantitative pollen traits as well as the following qualitative traits: the outline, shape and exine ornamentation. In total, 750 pollen grains were measured. Based on the pollen key exine ornamentation features, then individual Spiraea species were distinguished, while the other species formed groups of usually 2–3, up to 8 species. The most important pollen features included length, width and course of grooves and striae, presence or absence of perforations, as well as their number and diameter. The most variable taxa for all the nine biometric traits jointly were S. ×billardii, S. veitchii, S. nipponica and S. cana. The pollen of the invasive S. tomentosa differed from the other taxa studied, unlike the other invasive species (S. douglasii and S. japonica).

Variability of morphological traits of the Spiraria (Spiraea, Rosaceae)

There is no consensus on the system of the genus spiraea, research is being conducted in the direction of studying morphology, biochemistry, and molecular genetics. The aim of this study is a comparative analysis of the variability of spirea species by a complex of morphological traits. 6 taxa of spirea belonging to the Spiraria section of 21 categorical traits and 5 numerical traits are described. Statistical parameters of variation, Spearman rank correlation, one-way ANOVA, clustering analysis Ward’s method were used for data analysis. Numerical traits of panicles are characterized by medium and high variability (variation from 16 to 39.7%). According to the length of the panicles, S.salicifolia (14.7 cm) and S.x billardii (10.9 cm) are distinguished, according to the number of flowers in the panicles, S.alba (194 pcs.) and S.salicifolia (1298 pcs.). A functional relationship was revealed between the signs of pubescence of the panicles and pedicel with the shape of the end of the leaf blade. According to the complex of morphological traits, objects are grouped into three clusters. The selection of a complex of morphological identification traits makes it possible to determine plants. Information about the relationship of traits has practical application in breeding work.

The antiviral, antiradical, and phytochemical potential of dry extracts from Spiraea hypericifolia, S. media, and S. salicifolia (Rosaceae)

Plants of the genus Spiraea L. are widespread in Eurasia and North America. They are used in conventional medicine to treat various diseases including colds and such symptoms as a cough, inflammation, and fever. S. hypericifolia L., S. media Schmidt., and S. salicifolia L. are common Spiraea species in nature. The aim of the study was to assess the antiviral and antioxidant potential and to determine the profile and levels of phenolic compounds in dry extracts from the three Spiraea species. Water-ethanol dry extracts were prepared from the aerial parts of the plants. Extracts from the studied Spiraea species had moderate cytotoxicity (CC50 = 5.6–95.6 μg/mL). Extracts from S. media and S. hypericifolia exerted moderate antiviral activity against influenza A and B viruses (selectivity index of 3 to 21), while the S. salicifolia extract have the highest antiradical activity towards the DPPH (IC50 38.3 and 35.5 μg/mL). The highest positive correlation with the antiviral activity of the dry extracts was shown by concentrations of flavonoids and glycosides of isorhamnetin in these extracts. The highest positive correlation with the antiradical activity of the dry extracts was manifested by concentrations of catechins and kaempferol glycosides. Thus, dry extracts from the aerial parts of some Spiraea species hold promise for the use and further study as natural inhibitors of influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) virus and B/Florida/4/2006 virus replication and as antioxidants.

TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN TWO SMALL CITIES OF KYIV REGION, UKRAINE

The diversity of trees is an important factor in ensuring the sustainability of urban forests, but it has hardly been studied in small towns in Ukraine. This study examines the diversity of urban tree species in two small towns in the capital region of Ukraine. The results show that the richest species composition of Vyshgorod city in the adjoining the houses territories and in mini-parks. A total of 100 species and forms of trees and shrubs have been found in the city. 27 species of trees and shrubs are represented In Ukrainka city. Spiraea vanhouttei, Syringa vulgaris and the genus Spiraea are critical for Vyshhorod city. Acer saccharinum, Pinus sylvestris, Populus piramidalis, Betula pendula and Spiraea vanhouttei are critical for Ukrainka city. In contrast to Vyshhorod, where the distribution of trees by diameter is close to optimal, Ukrainka lacks young trees and exceeds the share of ''ripening'', which violates the guarantees of sustainable development of urban plantations. The methodology used in this study may allow practitioners to better assess the sustainability of urban tree plantations.

Phytoconstituents and Bioactivity of Plants of the Genus Spiraea L. (Rosaceae): A Review.

The genus Spiraea L. belongs to the Rosaceae Juss. family and includes more than 100 species distributed in the temperate zone and subtropical zone of the Northern Hemisphere at the center of species diversity in East Asia. Representatives of the genus are known as ornamental plants with many forms and varieties, are widely used in conventional medicine, and have a high resource potential. This review provides information on the diversity of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, phenolcarboxylic acids, and lignans), terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, and other classes of secondary metabolites in the species of Spiraea worldwide. The article also presents little-known and hard-to-find data published in Russian concerning Spiraea phytochemistry. The biological activities of extracts and their fractions and of individual compounds having different types of biological activity (e.g., antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal) are discussed. Data about biotechnological research on representatives of the genus Spiraea are presented too. The analysis of the literature showed that further chemical and pharmacological studies on Spiraea plants are quite promising.

The synopsis of the genus Spiraea L. s. l. (Rosaceae Juss.) of the Altai mountain country

A synopsis of the genus Spiraea L. in Altai Mountain Country, which includes 7 species, is presented. Thesynopsis contains references from the basic floristic treatments regarding Altai, relevant synonyms, information on typespecimens, ecology, and geography. Original key for Spiraea species of Altai is given.

VITALITY AND DECORATIVENESS OF PLANTS OF THE GENUS SPIRAEA L IN THE ARCTIC ZONE OF RUSSIA (КОLА PENINSULA)

The article contains а hst of introduced specimens of the genus Spiraea L. in the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute located abovethe Arctic Circle. The collection fund ofthe Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute contains 51 Spiraea specimens belonging to 12 species, 1 subspecies, 3 varieties, 4 cultivars and 2 hybrids. Most of the introduced accessions аге of seed origin. The age of the collection spireas is from 4 to 79 years. The article gives а comprehensive assessment of the viability and decorativeness of introduced plants of the genus Spiraea in the Kola Subarctic. Evaluated the degree of hgnification of the annual shoot, winter hardiness, retention of gmwth fonn, shoot-fonning ability, height gain, abihty to generative development, methods of reproduction in culture, crown architectonics, duration and abundance of flowering, color and size of flowers and inflorescences, attractiveness of fmits, color range of autumn leaf color, leafing duration, plant агата, damage, correlation between viability, decorative effect and the period of being in the experiment. Observations for 2000-2020 were used in the work. А verage score of winter hardiness of introduced S. betuhfoha, S. chamaedryfolia, S. nipponica, S. media 1-3. S. japonica, S. japonica 'Norroboth', S. х bumalda, S. х bumalda 'Shraederii', S. х cinerea 'Grefsheim', S. х rosalba аге frozen to the snow cover and soil level. Winter-hardy species retain their vital fonn, weak-hardy ones are аЫе to restore their growth foпn Most of the studied samples Ыооm and bear fmit not annually, reproduction is possiЫe with artificial sowing, using cuttings. The studied samples can Ье divided into groups: quite viaЫe and viaЫe high and medium decorative; less and less viaЬle high and medium decorative; non-viaЫe and absolutely non-viaЫe medium and low decorative. The most viaЫe and decorative under conditions of introduction to the Kola Peninsula are S. betuhfolia, S. chamaedryfoha, S. nipponica, S. media. S. japonica, S. japonica 'Norroboth', S. х bumalda, S. х bumalda 'Shraederii', S. х cinerea 'Grefsheim', S. х rosalba have low decorative qualities due to low viability.

The ecology of urban system: assessment using Spiraea plants

The article presents the results of the study of the shift in the morphological parameters of the leaves of three species of the genus Spiraea L. growing under the conditions of transport-caused and industrial pollution in large industrial citi of Western Siberia (Novosibirsk) in comparison with that in background conditions (reference). The morphological indices (length, width, perimeter, and area of the lamina) were determined by digital image analysis using the Maplnfo software. The anthropogenic impacts induced a reduction in the size of the assimilating organs and an increase in the index of the fluctuating asymmetry of the leaves of urban plants compared to background plants. According to the fluctuating asymmetry index, the environmental quality of the Lenin district of Novosibirsk was assessed as critical, meanwhile that of the reference conditions corresponded to the norm.

To the history of studying of genus Spiraea L. (Rosaceae Juss.)

A brief history of taxonomic study of the genus Spiraea L. (Rosaceae Juss.) from the time of C. Linnaeusto the present day is given. In the history of studying the taxonomy of the genus Spiraea, two periods – morphologicaland molecular – can be distinguished. The last period, which began at the end of the XX century, allows us to get deeperinto the questions of evolution and phylogeny of the genus Spiraea.

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF LIPOSOLUBLE EXTRACT OF SPIRAEA HYPERICIFOLIA L.

The genus Spiraea L., spirea, represents deciduous shrubs of the family Rosaceae Juss., subfamily Spiraeoideae Focke. The genus is widespread in the temperate and the subtropical zone of the northern hemisphere having more than 100 species. S. hypericifolia L. has the most extensive Eurasian range and is considered one of the most evolutionarily advanced representatives of the genus. In the leaves of S. hypericifolia L. detected, phydroxybenzoic, coffee, ferulic, chlorogenic acid, flavones apigenin, luteolin and 5-glucosides of flavonols isoquercitrin and avicularin. In this study, chemical constituents of liposoluble extract of Spiraea hypericifolia L. were determined for the first time. The components isolated from liposoluble extract of the aerial part of medicinal plant of S. hypericifolia L. were analyzed using the GC-MS method. In total, sixty-three compounds were isolated from hexane part and their relative content was determined by normalizing the peak area, in which the main components are octacosanol (9.59%), docosene-1 (8.57%), squalene (8.12%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (7.50%) separately. These compounds have high biological activites, namely anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumor, antibacterial.

Географія заповідання дендрораритетів роду Spiraea L. в Україні

Over the last half century, the relevance of phytososological research has not diminished. Therefore, at the taxonomic and phytocoenotic levels, the current state of conservation of rare dendrodiversity of the genus Spiraea L. was analyzed. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the autochthonous and introduced, as well as phytocenotaxonomic species diversity, which is protected by world, national and regional red and green lists, has been established. Dendroexot Spiraea cana Waldst. & Kit. listed in The IUCN Red List, and Spiraea media subsp polonica (Blocki) Dostal (= Spiraea polonica Blocki) – in the Red Book of Ukraine, the remaining five plant species are listed in the regional red lists of 15 administrative regions of Ukraine. Of the five rare species and one subspecies of dendroautochthonous, only two species in Ukraine are being grown outside their natural habitats. All studied plant taxa are represented in different ways in the nature reserve fund of Ukraine in situ and ex situ. Analysis of the regional representativeness of their distribution showed uneven conservation of taxa in physical – geographical plains and mountainous countries. The network of territories and objects of conservation covers 15 protected areas in the Steppe zone, 13 in the Forest-steppe zone, 14 in the zone of deciduous forests, 13 in the zone of mixed forests. In the Crimean mountains and the Ukrainian Carpathians, the studied plant taxa are not protected. Phytocenotic diversity (three species) was identified, which is listed in the Bern Convention and the Green Book of Ukraine. Spiraea hypericifolia L. forms and participates in the creation of 10 associations and therefore has the widest phytocenotic amplitude. Spiraea litvinovii Dobrocz. creates a separate formation of shrub steppes, which includes six associations. At the co-dominant level, Spiraea media Franz Schmidt is a part of only one forest association. These dendroassociations are protected in five nature reserves, two national nature parks, one regional landscape park, six nature reserves and one natural monument. In the future, the development of systematic research on the conservation regimes of populations and phytocenoses of rare dendrodiversity is seen.

Морфологический и таксономический анализ полиморфного комплекса Spiraea betulifolia – Spiraea beauverdiana в России

Изучено разнообразие растений рода Spiraea L. секции Calospira C. Coch по количественным морфологическим признакам из 32 природных выборок. Сделан ключ для определения видов. На территории Азиатской России произрастает два вида спирей секции Calospira ‒ S. betulifolia Pall. и S. beauverdiana C.K. Schneid., которые, вероятно, ранее представляли 2 экотипа одного вида. На островной части Азиатской России (о. Сахалин, Курильские острова) произрастает подвид S. betulifolia Pall. subsp. aemiliana (C.K. Schneid.) H. Hara. Отличительными признаками его являются мелкая округлая или лопатчатая (обратнояйцевидная) листовая пластинка и отсутствие опушения веточек соцветия, а также ряд метрических признаков, средние значения которых не перекрываются со средними значениями S. betulifolia и S. beauverdiana. Этот таксон имеет тенденцию к стабилизации по морфологическим признакам, но достаточно ещё не отделился от S. betulifolia.

Estimation of the relative DNA content in species of the genus Spiraea, sections Chamaedryon and Glomerati by flow cytometry

The relative DNA content was studied in seven species of the genus Spiraea L., section Chamaedryon Ser., and in two species, section Glomerati Nakai, from 28 natural populations growing in Asian Russia. The cell nuclei were isolated from a leaf tissue. The relative intensity of fluorescence was measured using flow cytometry of propidium iodide-stained nuclei. The analysis was performed using a CyFlowSpace device (Germany, Sysmex Partec) with a laser radiation source of 532 nm. Fresh leaves of Solanum lycopersicum cv. ‘Stupice’ were used as an internal standard. Data on the relative DNA content are presented for the first time for S. flexuosa Fisch ex Cambess. (0.42–0.47 pg), S. ussuriensis Pojark. (0.49–0.52; 0.85 pg), S. alpina-Pall. (0.49–0.51 pg), S. media Schmidt. (0.45; 0.98–1.01 pg), S. trilobata L. (0.46 pg), S. hypericifolia L. (0.49–0.52 pg) and S. aquilegifolia Pall. (0.48–0.51 pg). Mesophytic species of the genus Spiraea growing in the forest zone (S. chamaedryfolia L. and S. media) exhibit a 2-fold higher relative DNA content (C-value) compared to xerophytic species (S. hypericifolia, S. crenata L., S. aquilegifolia and S. trilobata) and species confined only to mountain areas (S. alpinа, S. trilobata and S. aquilegifolia).